Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (15): 2338-2345.doi: 10.12307/2024.250
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Kou Yu, Gu Yong, Chen Liang
Received:
2022-12-13
Accepted:
2023-02-14
Online:
2024-05-28
Published:
2023-09-19
Contact:
Chen Liang, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
About author:
Kou Yu, Master candidate, First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, Jiangsu Province, China
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Kou Yu, Gu Yong, Chen Liang. Mechanism of black phosphorus regulating oxidative stress-inflammation cascade in retarding intervertebral disc degeneration[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2024, 28(15): 2338-2345.
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2.2 黑磷量子点体外细胞实验结果 2.2.1 黑磷量子点生物相容性及保护髓核细胞增殖活性能力 CCK-8实验结果显示,黑磷量子点质量浓度在100,200,400,800 μg/mL时,髓核细胞的增殖活性与空白组无明显差异(P > 0.05),见图2A,进一步验证了黑磷量子点良好的生物相容性。过氧化氢浓度在50,100,200,400,800 μmol/L时,髓核细胞的增殖活性受到抑制,且这一作用随过氧化氢浓度的增高更加明显,见图2B。使用黑磷量子点与过氧化氢共同干预髓核细胞,相较空白组,过氧化氢的干预显著降低了髓核细胞的增殖活性,当黑磷量子点质量浓度在100,200,400,800 μg/mL时髓核细胞增殖活性有所恢复,黑磷量子点质量浓度在100,200 μg/mL时细胞增殖活性升高(P < 0.05,P < 0.01);黑磷量子点质量浓度在200,400,800 μg/mL时3组细胞增殖活性无明显差异(P > 0.05),见图2C。活/死染色结果显示,黑磷组、空白组髓核细胞增殖良好,几乎没有死细胞,说明黑磷量子点生物相容性良好,对细胞无毒性作用;过氧化氢组细胞数量减少,死细胞数量明显增多;黑磷+过氧化氢组较过氧化氢干预组活细胞数量增多、死细胞数量明显减少,见图2D,说明黑磷量子点在氧化应激环境下对髓核细胞具有保护作用。"
2.2.2 黑磷量子点调控氧化应激导致的髓核细胞线粒体膜电位降低 线粒体膜电位下降标志着细胞凋亡的早期。通过JC-1荧光探针检测髓核细胞线粒体膜电位,结果显示,过氧化氢组线粒体膜电位较空白组降低(P < 0.01),黑磷+过氧化氢组线粒体膜电位较过氧化氢组升高(P < 0.05),而空白组及黑磷组线粒体膜电位无差异(P > 0.05),见图3A、C。 2.2.3 黑磷量子点对细胞内活性氧清除效果 DCHF-DA荧光染料可被细胞内活性氧氧化,形成具有绿色荧光的2’,7’二氯荧光素。根据荧光强度定量分析结果,发现过氧化氢组绿色荧光强度最高,黑磷+过氧化氢组绿色荧光强度显著降低,而空白组与黑磷组绿色荧光强度极低,见图3B、D。这些结果表明,黑磷量子点可以保护细胞免受过氧化氢诱导的细胞内氧化应激。"
2.2.4 黑磷量子点促进Nrf2核转移及其下游酶谱 RT-qPCR检测结果显示,与空白组比较,50,100,200 μmol/L的过氧化氢增加了髓核细胞内血红素加氧酶1和醌氧化还原酶的mRNA水平(P < 0.05),当过氧化氢浓度达到400 μmol/L以上时,髓核细胞内血红素加氧酶1和醌氧化还原酶的mRNA水平显著下降(P < 0.05),见图4A、B,说明在该浓度过氧化氢下髓核细胞内Nrf2通路活性下降,其下游的Ⅱ期解毒酶基因表达下降。Nrf2的核转位是Nrf2/ARE信号通路激活的标志[34]。实验提取了细胞核蛋白以检测Nrf2的激活,如图4C-F所示,与空白组相比,细胞毒性浓度的过氧化氢干预显著抑制了Nrf2蛋白的核转位,血红素加氧酶1和醌氧化还原酶的蛋白表达也被过氧化氢处理显著抑制;然而,与单独过氧化氢处理相比,黑磷量子点与过氧化氢共同处理后细胞中的Nrf2蛋白核转位显著增加,血红素加氧酶1和醌氧化还原酶的蛋白表达也显著增加。这些结果表明,黑磷量子点有助于Nrf2核转位,提高Ⅱ期解毒酶的表达。"
2.2.5 黑磷量子点通过激活Nrf2通路抑制核因子κB炎症通路 核因子κB通路是椎间盘退变中被激活的经典炎症通路之一[21],有文献报道,Nrf2通路对核因子κB通路存在抑制作用[12,19-20]。 为了证实Nrf2对核因子κB的抑制作用,检测了空白组、过氧化氢组、黑磷+过氧化氢组及黑磷+过氧化氢+ML385组中p65的核转位水平,结果表明,过氧化氢组p65核转位水平高于空白组(P < 0.01),但与过氧化氢组相比,黑磷+过氧化氢干预后p65核转位水平降低(P < 0.01);然而,Nrf2特异性抑制剂ML385阻断了黑磷量子点对核因子κB的抑制作用(P < 0.01),见图5A、C。 2.2.6 黑磷量子点影响髓核细胞炎症因子及髓核退变相关分子表达 Western Blot检测结果表明,与空白组比较,过氧化氢组相白细胞介素1β、肿瘤坏死因子α等炎症细胞因子的蛋白表达显著增加(P < 0.05),基质金属蛋白酶13的蛋白表达也显著增加(P < 0.01),而细胞外基质成分Ⅱ型胶原的蛋白表达显著减少(P < 0.01),黑磷量子点的加入逆转了上述趋势,见图5B及图5D-G。"
2.3 黑磷量子点动物体内实验结果 2.3.1 实验动物数量分析 30只大鼠全部进入结果分析。 2.3.2 影像学评估结果 如图8A、F所示,穿刺组术后4,8周的椎间盘高度明显低于假手术组(P < 0.01),黑磷+穿刺组后4,8周的椎间盘高度明显高于穿刺组(P < 0.01)。MRI也能可靠地反映椎间盘的再生,T2加权信号较高,表明髓核含水量较高。根据改进的汤姆逊分类法,MRI图像根据T2加权信号强度被分类为Ⅰ-Ⅳ级[35]。术后4,8周,穿刺组T2加权信号显著低于假手术组(P < 0.01),黑磷+穿刺组髓核T2加权信号均高于穿刺组(P < 0.05,P < 0.01),见图8B、G。说明黑磷量子点的加入起到了延缓椎间盘退变的效果。 2.3.3 组织学评价结果 苏木精-伊红和番红固绿染色结果见图8D、E、H所示,不论是在术后4周还是8周,相较于假手术组,穿刺组椎间盘髓核组织胶原含量减少,髓核和纤维环之间的边界模糊;与穿刺组相比,黑磷+穿刺组椎间盘组织的变性和结构损伤均有所改善,髓核和纤维环之间有明确的边界,髓核组织的胶原含量有所提高;术后4周和8周,黑磷+穿刺组的组织学评分显著高于穿刺组(P < 0.05),但低于假手术组(P < 0.05)。 免疫组化染色结果显示,术后4,8周,穿刺组大鼠椎间盘组织内血红素加氧酶1表达量较假手术组降低,黑磷+穿刺组大鼠椎间盘组织内血红素加氧酶1表达量高于穿刺组,见图8C、8I。证明黑磷量子点在体内促进了Nrf2通路的激活,起到了抗氧化应激作用。"
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