Magnetocaloric antitumor and osteogenic properties of magnetic bioactive glass scaffolds

doi:10.12307/2026.630

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With the development of tissue engineering, it is of great significance to design a bioactive scaffold that prevents tumor recurrence and possesses good osteogenic properties.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility, magnetic thermal antitumor properties, and osteogenic differentiation potential of borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds loaded with magnetic hydrogels.
METHODS: Magnetic hydrogels were prepared by combining methacrylated gelatin with magnetic ferric oxide nanoparticles and were loaded onto borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds to create magnetic bioactive glass scaffolds. The morphology and magnetothermal properties of the magnetic bioactive glass scaffolds were characterized. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured with borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds and magnetic bioactive glass scaffold extracts, respectively. The biocompatibility of the scaffolds was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and live/death staining. After osteogenic induction, the osteogenic properties of the scaffolds were evaluated by alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, and qRT-PCR detection of osteogenic gene expression. Human osteosarcoma cells were co-cultured with borosilicate bioactive glass scaffolds, magnetic bioactive glass scaffolds, and magnetic bioactive glass scaffolds under alternating magnetic field intervention. The anti-tumor properties of the scaffolds were evaluated by CCK-8 assay, live/death staining, and flow cytometry apoptosis detection.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the hydrogel carrying magnetic nanoparticles was stably loaded in the pores of the borosilicate bioactive glass scaffold. The hysteresis and magnetic thermal curves indicated that the magnetic bioactive glass scaffolds exhibited good magnetic thermal properties. (2) CCK-8 assay and live/dead staining the magnetic bioactive glass scaffold and the borosilicate bioactive glass scaffold had no obvious cytotoxicity and both promoted the proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, among which the magnetic bioactive glass scaffold had a more obvious promoting effect. Under osteogenic induction conditions, both groups of scaffolds could promote the osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and increase the mRNA expression of osteocalcin and Runx2, among which the magnetic bioactive glass scaffold had a more obvious promoting effect. (3) CCK-8 assay, live/death staining, and flow cytometry apoptosis detection showed that compared with the borosilicate bioactive glass scaffold and the magnetic bioactive glass scaffold, the magnetic bioactive glass scaffold under the intervention of alternating magnetic field could inhibit the proliferation activity of human osteosarcoma cells and induce cell apoptosis. The results showed that the magnetic bioactive glass scaffold had good magnetocaloric properties, osteogenic properties and anti-tumor properties.

Key words: ferric oxide nanoparticle, hydrogel, magnetic thermal property, borosilicate, bioactive glass scaffold, antitumor, osteogenesis

CLC Number:

Li Qingshan, Li Runmeng, Gao Yuyang, Han Gang, Chen Jiying, Guo Quanyi. Magnetocaloric antitumor and osteogenic properties of magnetic bioactive glass scaffolds[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(14): 3494-3503.

Figures/Tables 9

2.5 支架的促成骨性能 2.5.1 碱性磷酸酶染色与活性检测结果碱性磷酸酶染色显示，相较于对照组，两支架组蓝紫色染色面积更大、染色程度更深，并且以磁性生物活性玻璃支架组染色面积和染色程度优于硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃支架组，如图8A显示。碱性磷酸酶活性定量分析结果显示，两支架组碱性磷酸酶活性高于对照组(P < 0.001)，磁性生物活性玻璃支架组碱性磷酸酶活性高于硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃支架组(P < 0.05或P < 0.001)，见图8B，证明磁性生物活性玻璃支架具有更优秀的体外促成骨能力。磁性生物活性玻璃支架组碱性磷酸酶染色与活性检测结果优于硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃支架组，这是由于引入了了磁性纳米颗粒，磁性纳米颗粒的降解促进了铁离子的释放，而适量铁离子进一步增强大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的成骨分化能力。 2.5.2 茜素红染色结果茜素红染色显示，两支架组矿化结节形成数量明显多于对照组，磁性生物活性玻璃支架组矿化结节形成数量多于硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃支架组，见图8A。茜素红染色钙结节定量分析显示，磁性生物活性玻璃支架组吸光度值明显高于硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃支架组和对照组，见图8C。结果表明，磁性生物活性玻璃支架展现出更出色的促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化性能。 2.5.3 成骨基因表达 qRT-PCR检测结果磁性生物活性玻璃支架组、硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃支架组骨钙素和Runx2 mRNA表达均高于对照组，磁性生物活性玻璃支架组骨钙素和Runx2 mRNA表达高于硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃支架组，见图9，从基因角度验证了磁性生物活性玻璃支架具备良好的促进大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞成骨分化的作用。值得注意的是，磁性生物活性玻璃支架组成骨基因表达水平较硼硅酸盐生物活性玻璃支架组要高，这是因为磁性纳米颗粒降解释放的铁离子可激活相关信号通路，协同生物活性玻璃支架释放的硅、钙等离子共同促进成骨相关基因的表达，从而增强干细胞的成骨分化能力。"

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