Physique properties of 520 aged people in Jiangsu Province of China

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.07.025

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: It is important for the aged population to improve the locomotor activity, maintain a high-level quality of life, and delay the loss of self-care ability.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the physique properties and influencing factors of the aged population in some areas of Jiangsu province, and to investigate the rule of physiological aging process.
METHODS: In nine test sites of three cities (Nanjing, Yanhceng and Changzhou) of Jiangsu Province, 520 effective samples were collected and composed of 42.9% males and 57.1% females. We tested the reliability and validity of inspected questionnaire on the aged physique and sports, and then adopted the questionnaire to get general demographic information about their gender, age, education, used occupation, income and physical exercise. At the same time, physical tests were performed (including nine projects such as body shape, physical function, body quality).
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ① More than half of the surveyed aged have reached overweight level according to their body mass index, while only a few have normal body mass index, especially the females. ② Most of the surveyed aged have abnormal blood pressure, and a large number of the aged are in moderate to severe hypertension. ③ There is a gradually reduction in upper and lower limbs muscle strength, balance ability and walking ability along the aging, a substantial drop is found after 75 years old. There is no obvious difference between male group and female group expect grip strength. ④ Physical exercise can delay the degenerative change in muscle strength and balance ability of the aged. Education has great influence on the physical quality and used occupation influences blood pressure. Having a retired wage also has significant effects on physical quality index and blood pressure, but no influence is found in body shape.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: aged, activities of daily living, body constitution, data collection

CLC Number:

R318

Zhang Pan-cheng, Zhang Jian-guo, Yang Guo-wei . Physique properties of 520 aged people in Jiangsu Province of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2014, 18(7): 1135-1142.

Figures/Tables 6

2.1.3 身体素质不同年龄组老年人的握力测试结果：各年龄组男性的最大握力、握力/体质量均值皆大于同年龄组女性(P < 0.01)；随年龄增长，男女老年人的握力呈现逐步下降的趋势，其中最大握力指标中，男、女70-74岁组均与同性别的65-69岁组无明显差异，而75-79岁年龄组、80-84岁年龄组则明显低于同性别65-69岁年龄组(P < 0.01)。但是使用握力/体质量这一指标中仅男性80-84岁年龄组明显低于65-69岁年龄组(图3A，B)。不同年龄组老年人的反复坐起试验结果：不同年龄组老年男女之间无明显差异。30 s反复坐起试验完成的次数总体上随着年龄的增长呈下降趋势，但是，男女70-74岁年龄组均与65-69岁年龄组无明显差异，直到75岁以后试验测试成绩才明显低于65-69岁年龄组(P < 0.01，图3C)。这一结果与握力的结果类似，即老年人肌肉力量是在75岁以后才开始明显下降，提示对于75岁以后的老年人尤其应当引起重视。不同年龄组老年人的闭眼单脚站立试验结果：进行各年龄组男女之间比较时，仅70-74岁年龄组的男性闭眼单脚站立时间明显长于同龄的女性(P < 0.01)，其他年龄组未见明显的男女差异。随着年龄的增长，男、女老年人闭眼单脚站立的时间逐渐减少，男性80-84岁年龄组均值与65-69岁年龄组差异明显，女性则从75-79岁开始就呈现出显著差异(P < 0.01，图3D)。不同年龄组老年人的10 m步行试验结果：进行各年龄组男女之间比较时，仅65-69岁年龄组的男性行走10 m所需时间明显短于同龄的女性(P < 0.01)，其他年龄组未见明显的男女差异。随着年龄的增长，行走10 m所需时间呈增长趋势，值得注意的是，与握力、反复坐起试验结果一样，男、女老年人均在75-79岁年龄段之后才出现行走10 m所需时间明显长于65-69岁年龄段的现象(P < 0.01，图3E)。再次提示，75岁以后应当是老年人身体素质明显下降的一个重要时期。"

2.2 影响老年人体质因素的分析 2.2.1 体育锻炼对体质的影响体育锻炼情况分组：以“每周参加3次以上体育锻炼，每次活动30 min以上，持续1年以上”为标准，达到该标准的为有锻炼习惯组(以下简称锻炼组)，其余为无锻炼习惯组(简称不锻炼组)。为了更加准确地研究不同水平对观察变量的影响，在下文的方差分析中均将“年龄”作为协变量，排除该变量影响的条件下分析控制变量对观察变量的影响，从而更加准确地对控制因素进行评价。在老年人中，体育锻炼等因素对身体形态的影响程度十分有限，虽然锻炼组体质量指数优于不锻炼组，但不同水平间无显著差异。参加体育锻炼女性老年人的收缩压、脉压明显低于不锻炼的女性老年人(P < 0.05)，但是这一现象在男性老年人中不明显。男、女老年人各控制变量影响下不同水平的指标值显示出一致性。锻炼组各项指标均值皆优于不锻炼组。其中，锻炼组30 s反复坐起和闭眼单脚站立测试成绩明显优于不锻炼组(P < 0.05)。但两组握力和10 m步行指标无显著差异。以上结果表明，长期坚持参加体育锻炼对延缓下肢肌肉力量与平衡能力的退行性下降有积极的作用(表3)。 2.2.2 文化程度对体质的影响根据文化程度将老年人分为小学及以下组与小学以上组进行分析。两组不同文化程度的老年人均值都处于轻度超重，男性老年群体中两个水平差别不大，女性老年群体中“小学及以下”组体质量指数值高于“小学以上”组，且差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05)。两组不同文化程度的男、女老年人收缩压与脉压差异显著(P < 0.05)，文化程度为小学以上的老年人群血压较低，更趋于正常。文化程度为小学以上组的各项指标均值皆优于文化程度为小学以下组，除男性握力与闭眼单脚站立两组指标外，其他各项指标均差异显著(P < 0.01，表4)。"

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