Insulin-like growth factor 1 affects the apoptosis of rat condylar chondrocytes

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.033.001

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Insulin-like growth factor 1 is the key factor during cartilage development, which is involved in the growth and reconstruction of condylar cartilage.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of insulin-like growth factor 1 on cell apoptosis and the apopotosis-associated factors of Bcl-2, Bax mRNA and protein expressions of rat condylar chondrocytes.
METHODS: The 1-day-old and 28-day-old rat condylar chondrocytes were cultured and identified in vitro. The condylar chondrocytes with different ages were divided into experimental group and control group. After being starved for 24 hours, chondrocytes in the experimental group were incubated with 100 μg/L recombined rat insulin-like growth factor 1 for 48 hours, while the chondrocytes in the control group were incubated normally.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, after being incubated with recombined insulin-like growth factor 1, the number of condylar chondrocytes was increased with high speed proliferation (P < 0.05). Real-time RCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression levels of Bcl-2 mRNA and protein were increased after added with recombined rat insulin-like growth factor 1, while the expression levels of Bax and protein were decreased (P < 0.05). The results indicate that insulin-like growth factor 1 can promote the proliferation and reduce cell apoptosis of newborn and adolescent rat condylar chondrocytes, which may be mediated by Bcl-2 and Bax.

Key words: tissue construction, cartilage tissue construction, insulin-like growth factor 1, mandibular condyle, chondrocytes, cell apoptosis, cell proliferation, Bax, Bcl-2, provincial grants-supported paper

CLC Number:

R318

Wei Li, Jiang Li-ting, Zhou Qi, Zhu Ya-ping, Gao Yi-ming. Insulin-like growth factor 1 affects the apoptosis of rat condylar chondrocytes[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2013.033.001.

Figures/Tables 5

References

[1] Singh M, Detamore MS. Biomechanical properties of the mandibular condylar cartilage and their relevance to the TMJ disc. J Biomech. 2009;42(4):405-417.

[2] Kuroda S, Tanimoto K, Izawa T, et al. Biomechanical and biochemical characteristics of the mandibular condylar cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2009;17(11):1408-1415.

[3] Giustina A, Mazziotti G, Canalis E. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factors, and the skeleton. Endocr Rev. 2008;29(5):535-559.

[4] Ohlsson C, Mohan S, Sjögren K, et al. The role of liver-derived insulin-like growth factor-I. Endocr Rev. 2009;30(5): 494-535.

[5] Maor G, Hochberg Z, Silbermann M. Insulin-like growth factor I accelerates proliferation and differentiation of cartilage progenitor cells in cultures of neonatal mandibular condyles. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1993;128(1):56-64.

[6] Visnapuu V, Peltomäki T, Rönning O, et al. Distribution of insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA in the mandibular condyle and rib cartilage of the rat during growth. Arch Oral Biol. 2002; 47(11):791-798.

[7] Ohlsson C, Sjögren K, Jansson JO, et al. The relative importance of endocrine versus autocrine/paracrine insulin-like growth factor-I in the regulation of body growth. Pediatr Nephrol. 2000;14(7):541-543.

[8] Datta HK, Ng WF, Walker JA, et al. The cell biology of bone metabolism. J Clin Pathol. 2008;61(5):577-587.

[9] Shibata S, Fukuoka H, Sato R, et al. An in situ hybridization study of the insulin-like growth factor system in developing condylar cartilage of the fetal mouse mandible. Eur J Histochem. 2012;56(2):e23.

[10] Hinton RJ, Serrano M, So S. Differential gene expression in the perichondrium and cartilage of the neonatal mouse temporomandibular joint. Orthod Craniofac Res. 2009;12(3): 168-177.

[11] Sriram D, Jones A, Alatli-Burt I, et al. Effects of mechanical stimuli on adaptive remodeling of condylar cartilage. J Dent Res. 2009;88(5):466-470.

[12] Fuentes MA, Opperman LA, Bellinger LL, et al. Regulation of cell proliferation in rat mandibular condylar cartilage in explant culture by insulin-like growth factor-1 and fibroblast growth factor-2. Arch Oral Biol. 2002;47(9):643-654.

[13] Higgins TF, Johnson BD. Effect of exogenous IGF-1 on chondrocyte apoptosis in a rabbit intraarticular osteotomy model. J Orthop Res. 2010;28(1):125-130.

[14] Hajjar D, Santos MF, Kimura ET. Propulsive appliance stimulates the synthesis of insulin-like growth factors I and II in the mandibular condylar cartilage of young rats. Arch Oral Biol. 2003;48(9):635-642.

[15] Chen Y, Ke J, Long X, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-1 boosts the developing process of condylar hyperplasia by stimulating chondrocytes proliferation. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2012; 20(4): 279-287.

[16] Yokota T, Shimokawa H, Shibata S, et al. Insulin-like growth factor I regulates apoptosis in condylar cartilage. J Dent Res. 2008;87(2):159-163.

[17] Götz W, Kunert D, Zhang D, et al. Insulin-like growth factor system components in the periodontium during tooth root resorption and early repair processes in the rat. Eur J Oral Sci. 2006;114(4):318-327.

[18] Matsuda S, Mishima K, Yoshimura Y, et al. Apoptosis in the development of the temporomandibular joint. Anat Embryol (Berl). 1997;196(5):383-391.

[19] Watahiki J, Yamaguchi T, Irie T, et al. Gene expression profiling of mouse condylar cartilage during mastication by means of laser microdissection and cDNA array. J Dent Res. 2004;83(3):245-249.

[20] 江莉婷,朱雅萍,魏立,等.大鼠髁突软骨细胞冻存复苏后的生物学特性观察[J].现代口腔医学杂志,2012,26(4):251-257。

[21] Livak KJ, Schmittgen TD. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 2001;25(4):402-408.

[22] Meikle MC. Remodeling the dentofacial skeleton: the biological basis of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics. J Dent Res. 2007;86(1):12-24.

[23] Sriram D, Jones A, Alatli-Burt I, et al. Effects of mechanical stimuli on adaptive remodeling of condylar cartilage. J Dent Res. 2009;88(5):466-470.

[24] Loreto C, Almeida LE, Trevilatto P, et al. Apoptosis in displaced temporomandibular joint disc with and without reduction: an immunohistochemical study. J Oral Pathol Med. 2011;40(1):103-110.

[25] Ohshima T, Yonezu H, Nishibori Y, et al. Morphological observation of process of mouse temporomandibular joint formation. Bull Tokyo Dent Coll. 2011;52(4):183-190.

[26] Caltabiano R, Leonardi R, Musumeci G, et al. Apoptosis in temporomandibular joint disc with internal derangement involves mitochondrial-dependent pathways. An in vivo study. Acta Odontol Scand. 2013;71(3-4):577-583.

[27] Yokota T, Shimokawa H, Shibata S, et al. Insulin-like growth factor I regulates apoptosis in condylar cartilage. J Dent Res. 2008;87(2):159-163.

[28] Mackey TJ, Borkowski A, Amin P, et al. bcl-2/bax ratio as a predictive marker for therapeutic response to radiotherapy in patients with prostate cancer. Urology. 1998;52(6):1085-1090.

[29] Petros AM, Olejniczak ET, Fesik SW. Structural biology of the Bcl-2 family of proteins. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2004;1644 (2-3): 83-94.

[30] Wu MJ, Zhan J, Gu ZY. Time course of expression of bcl-2 and bax in rabbit condylar chondrocytes following forward mandibular positioning. Angle Orthod. 2008;78(3):453-459.

[31] Wu M, Gu Z, Xiao J, et al. Differential expression of apoptosis-associated proteins in chondrocytes of the mandibular condyles of rabbits with anterior disk displacement. Cranio. 2008;26(2):144-149.

[32] Huang Q, Singh B, Sharawy M. Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2 and Bax oncoproteins in rabbit craniomandibular joint. Arch Oral Biol. 2004;49(2):143-148.

[33] Trump BF, Berezesky IK, Chang SH, et al. The pathways of cell death: oncosis, apoptosis, and necrosis. Toxicol Pathol. 1997;25(1):82-88.

[34] Elmore S. Apoptosis: a review of programmed cell death. Toxicol Pathol. 2007;35(4):495-516.

[35] Loreto C, Almeida LE, Migliore MR, et al. TRAIL, DR5 and caspase 3-dependent apoptosis in vessels of diseased human temporomandibular joint disc. An immunohistochemical study. Eur J Histochem. 2010;54(3):e40.

[36] Loreto C, Musumeci G, Leonardi R. Chondrocyte-like apoptosis in temporomandibular joint disc internal derangement as a repair-limiting mechanism. An in vivo study. Histol Histopathol. 2009;24(3):293-298.

[37] Ciarmatori S, Kiepe D, Haarmann A, et al. Signaling mechanisms leading to regulation of proliferation and differentiation of the mesenchymal chondrogenic cell line RCJ3.1C5.18 in response to IGF-I. J Mol Endocrinol. 2007; 38(4):493-508.

[38] Navarro M, Baserga R. Limited redundancy of survival signals from the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor. Endocrinology. 2001;142(3):1073-1081.

[39] Qiao M, Shapiro P, Kumar R, et al. Insulin-like growth factor-1 regulates endogenous RUNX2 activity in endothelial cells through a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/ERK-dependent and Akt-independent signaling pathway. J Biol Chem. 2004;279 (41): 42709-42718.

[40] Prasadam I, Mao X, Wang Y, et al. Inhibition of p38 pathway leads to OA-like changes in a rat animal model. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2012;51(5):813-823.

[41] Bobick BE, Kulyk WM. Regulation of cartilage formation and maturation by mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling. Birth Defects Res C Embryo Today. 2008;84(2):131-154.