Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (19): 5050-5056.doi: 10.12307/2026.391

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Mechanism of acupuncture regulating proliferation and differentiation of stem cells

Li Wenfang1, Dong Mengwei1, Jin Haizhu2, Yang Wanpeng1, Ba Te3, 4, Nan Nan3, 4, Liu Yang1, 3, 4, Hao Huiqin1, 3, 4   

  1. 1School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China; 2Third Clinical Medical College of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China; 3Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China; 4Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Cross Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China
  • Received:2025-08-26 Accepted:2025-10-17 Online:2026-07-08 Published:2026-02-24
  • Contact: Hao Huiqin, MD, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China; Basic Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China; Shanxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Cross Innovation Engineering Research Center, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China
  • About author:Li Wenfang, Master candidate, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Jinzhong 030619, Shanxi Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Traditional Chinese Medicine and Stem Cell Innovation Project, No. 2024KJZY006 (to HHQ); Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shanxi Provincial Department of Education, No. 2024L269 (to BT); Shanxi Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Interdisciplinary Innovation Engineering Research Center, No. 2023-438 (to HHQ)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stem cells have the potential for self-renewal and multi-directional differentiation, which can enhance tissue repair through direct differentiation or paracrine and immunomodulatory microenvironments. Acupuncture can promote the proliferation and differentiation of stem cells through multi-pathway synergy, which expands the application range of acupuncture. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the types of stem cells and their differentiation potential, and to explore the role and mechanism of acupuncture in promoting stem cell proliferation and differentiation. 
METHODS: Articles related to acupuncture to promote stem cell proliferation and differentiation published from inception to March 2025 were searched on PubMed and CNKI databases, with “electroacupuncture, acupuncture, neural stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose mesenchymal stem cells” as Chinese and English search terms. After excluding content unrelated to the topic, 76 articles were finally selected for inductive analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Stem cells belong to the category of kidney essence, and stem cells play a synergistic role with kidney essence, which can be used to guide the treatment of kidney essence deficiency disease, and explain modern medicine with traditional Chinese medicine theory. (2) Acupuncture can activate a variety of signaling pathways and regulate the expression of growth factors, thereby promoting the proliferation and differentiation of endogenous or exogenous stem cells, and providing new ideas for clinical treatment. (3) Although acupuncture plays an important role in stem cell proliferation and differentiation, it also faces many challenges in the application process. The establishment of stem cell engineering standards and the innovative development of acupuncture therapy are the primary prerequisites and important means to deeply explore the mechanism of action of acupuncture and stem cell therapy combination therapy, so as to ensure the stability and efficiency of the treatment effect.

Key words: electroacupuncture, acupuncture, neural stem cell, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell, adipose mesenchymal stem cell, proliferation, differentiation

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