Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (33): 8618-8630.doi: 10.12307/2026.285
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Lai Yu1, 2, Chen Yueping2, Zhang Xiaoyun2, Zhuo Yinghong2
Received:2025-08-21
Revised:2026-01-27
Online:2026-11-28
Published:2026-06-09
Contact:
Chen Yueping, PhD, Chief physician, Doctoral supervisor, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
About author:Lai Yu, PhD, Physician, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530001, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
Supported by:CLC Number:
Lai Yu, Chen Yueping, Zhang Xiaoyun, Zhuo Yinghong. Epimedium in the treatment of alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head: action mechanism through network pharmacology and molecular dynamics simulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(33): 8618-8630.
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2.2 网络药理学分析结果 2.2.1 淫羊藿活性成分靶点和酒精性股骨头坏死靶点的预测 在TCMSP数据库中导入2 734个淫羊藿主要成分后,经过筛选排除了2 646个不符合标准的成分,最终确定88个具有活性的化合物,见表2。通过整合这些活性成分的靶点蛋白,并借助Uniprot数据库查询其对应基因名称,共鉴定出394个活性成分靶点。对GeneCards、OMIM和PharmGKB数据库中的靶点数据进行整合,经过去重处理后,获得428个与酒精性股骨头坏死相关的靶基因,见图2。进一步采用Venn图分析方法,对淫羊藿与酒精性股骨头坏死的共有靶点进行预测。分析结果显示,淫羊藿的394个靶基因与酒精性股骨头坏死相关的428个靶基因存在交叉映射关系,最终鉴定出50个共有靶点,见图3。"
2.2.2 蛋白质互作网络分析及 “活性成分-作用靶点”网络构建 通过STRING数据库对50个共同靶标进行蛋白质相互作用网络的构建,并借助Cytoscape软件实现网络可视化,见图4。该网络图谱包含603条相互作用关系及50个蛋白质节点。基于节点度值分析,确定了肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)、白蛋白(ALB)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1(AKT1)、转化生长因子β1(TGFB1)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)这6个核心蛋白基因,这些关键因子在蛋白质互作网络中占据重要地位,可能是淫羊藿干预酒精性股骨头坏死的潜在作用靶点,其详细参数信息可参见表3。进一步地,利用Cytoscape软件整合活性成分与共同靶标间的相互作用关系,构建了淫羊藿治疗酒精性股骨头坏死的“成分-靶点”调控网络,见图5。该网络中,度值排名前5的活性成分分别为淫羊藿苷(Icariin)、非瑟酮(Fisetin)、孕酮(Progesterone)、杨梅素(Myricetin)和山奈酚(Kaempferol)。这些活性成分被认为是该网络的关键成分,可能在治疗酒精性股骨头坏死中发挥重要作用。"
2.2.3 富集分析 GO富集分析关键靶点的功能过程中,共确定1 321个条目,其中1 286条代表生物过程(biological process,BP),主要涉及cellular response to lipopolysaccharide、glial cell differentiation、cellular response to molecule of bacterial origin、cellular response to biotic stimulus等方面;8条代表细胞成分(cellular component,CC),主要涉及platelet alpha granule lumen、platelet alpha granule、blood microparticle、endoplasmic reticulum lumen;27条代表分子功能(molecular function,MF),主要涉及cytokine activity、cytokine receptor binding、receptor ligand activity、growth factor receptor binding。GO分析结果得出的生物过程、细胞成分及分子功能与酒精性股骨头坏死的发生发展过程密切相关,见图6。KEGG富集分析关键靶点共确定了79个条目,主要涉及晚期糖基化终产物受体信号通路(AGE-RAGE signaling pathwa)、C型凝集素受体信号通路(C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway)、Toll样受体信号通路(Toll-like receptor signaling pathway)、肿瘤坏死因子信号通路(TNF signaling pathway,见图7。"
2.3 分子对接及分子动力学模拟结果 2.3.1 分子对接 通过AutoDock等计算工具,对核心活性物质与重要靶标蛋白实施分子对接分析。当相互作用能呈现负值时,表明配体与受体能够自发结合,且结合构象的稳定性与结合能数值呈负相关。实验数据显示,当结合能≤-17.782 kJ/mol时,表明配体与受体存在初步结合能力;若结合能≤-20.92 kJ/mol,则显示两者具有较好的结合性能;当结合能≤-29.288 kJ/mol时,则证明配体与受体间存在显著的结合活性[16]。此次研究中所有样本的结合能均低于-29.288 kJ/mol,证实了核心活性物质与重要靶标蛋白间存在强烈的相互作用,这一发现支持了预测结果的可靠性,具体数据详见表4。值得注意的是,淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1蛋白表现出最强的亲和力,其分子对接的具体构象已在图8中详细展示。"
2.3.2 分子动力学模拟 为了评估淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1复合物的稳定性和灵活性,研究使用分子动力学模拟技术对其相互作用进行了深入分析。 (1)均方根偏差是评估蛋白质结构变化的指标:模拟中计算了淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1之间的均方根偏差值,见图9。在100 ns的模拟过程中,淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1之间的均方根偏差值初期较大,但在5 ns后逐渐趋于平稳。整体来看,均方根偏差值维持在较小的范围内( < 0.6 nm),表明淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1的结合较为稳定(2)均方根波动是评估蛋白质动态性的指标:模拟中计算了淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1之间的均方根波动值,见图10。结果显示,丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1在结合部分的均方根波动值较小,而在非结合部分则较大,表明淫羊藿苷的结合增强了丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1某些区域的柔性,可能使其更加容易发生构象变化。"
(3)回旋半径用于评估蛋白质的整体紧凑程度:模拟中计算了淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1之间的回旋半径值,见图11。结果显示,淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1结合后,其回旋半径值较单独丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1有所下降,说明淫羊藿苷的结合使丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1更加紧凑。 (4)溶剂可接表面积用于评估蛋白质的表面面积:模拟中计算了淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1之间的溶剂可接表面积值,见图12。结果表明,丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1与淫羊藿苷结合前,溶剂可接表面积值较大;而结合后,溶剂可接表面积值有所下降,表明淫羊藿苷的结合减小了丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1的表面面积。 (5)氢键是评估蛋白质与小分子之间氢键的指标:模拟中计算了淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1之间的氢键数量,见图13。结果显示,在模拟过程中,淫羊藿苷与丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1之间形成了多个氢键,主要来自丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1中的关键残基与小分子中的重要基团之间的相互作用。"
2.4.2 Western blot检测淫羊藿苷调控乙醇干预下丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1、ALP、白细胞介素1β、超氧化物歧化酶1、血管内皮生长因子表达 见图17。 (1)丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1的表达:同空白组对比,模型组与药物组丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1蛋白磷酸化表达下降(P < 0.000 1);同模型组对比,药物组丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1蛋白磷酸化表达升高(P < 0.000 1)。说明乙醇抑制了丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶1的磷酸化表达,但淫羊藿苷可降低其抑制作用。 (2) ALP的表达:同空白组对比,模型组与药物组ALP表达下降(P < 0.000 1);同模型组对比,药物组ALP蛋白表达升高(P < 0.000 1)。说明乙醇抑制了ALP表达,但淫羊藿苷可降低其抑制作用。 (3)白细胞介素1β的表达:同空白组对比,模型组与药物组白细胞介素1β表达上升(P < 0.000 1);同模型组对比,药物组白细胞介素1β蛋白表达降低(P < 0.000 1)。说明乙醇促进机体炎性增长,但淫羊藿苷可抑制其作用,减少炎性因子的释放。 (4)超氧化物歧化酶1的表达:同空白组对比,模型组与药物组超氧化物歧化酶1表达下降(P < 0.000 1);同模型组对比,药物组超氧化物歧化酶1蛋白表达升高,结果具有统计学意义。说明乙醇促进机体氧化应激反应,但淫羊藿苷可缓解其作用,降低氧化应激反应。 (5)对血管内皮生长因子的表达:同空白组对比,模型组与药物组血管内皮生长因子表达下降(P < 0.000 1);同模型组对比,药物组血管内皮生长因子蛋白表达升高(P < 0.000 1)。说明乙醇抑制机体血管内皮生长,但淫羊藿苷可降低其抑制作用,促进内皮细胞生长。"
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