Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (25): 4093-4100.doi: 10.12307/2023.551

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Role and advantages of carbon nanotubes for tissue engineering

Lyu Jiayi1, Yao Qingqiang2, Zhu Yishen1   

  1. 1College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2022-07-14 Accepted:2022-08-22 Online:2023-09-08 Published:2023-01-18
  • Contact: Zhu Yishen, Professor, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Lyu Jiayi, Master candidate, College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Jiangsu Provincial Key Social Development Project, No. BE2019736 (to ZYS)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, carbon nanotubes have attracted much attention due to their unique structural and material properties. The researches as tissue engineering materials have gradually deepened, and good effects have been achieved in animals.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the characteristics of carbon nanotubes as tissue engineering materials and research progress on the application of carbon nanotubes in tissue engineering applications.
METHODS: Literature retrieval was conducted in WanFang, CNKI, VIP, Web of Science and PubMed databases. The key words were “carbon nanotubes, composite materials, tissue engineering, tissue repair” in English and Chinese. Finally, 75 articles were included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Carbon nanotubes are divided into single-walled carbon nanotubes formed from a single layer of tubular graphene and multi-walled carbon nanotubes composed of multiple concentric tubular graphene layers. By modifying carbon nanotubes and adjusting the concentration, the carbon nanotube composite scaffolds have better electrical conductivity, mechanical properties, biocompatibility and biodegradability. (2) By promoting protein adsorption, regulating electrical signal transduction pathway and mechanical transduction signal pathway, cell proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and other behaviors can be promoted and cell activity can be improved. On the basis of these properties, carbon nanotube composite scaffolds can promote bone remodeling and integration, improve nerve and myocardial function, accelerate defect repair and promote tissue regeneration, without adverse reactions in vivo. (3) Current studies have shown that carbon nanotube composite scaffolds can completely repair segmental bone defects, achieve similar nerve repair effects of autologous transplantation and restore the physiological myocardial conduction velocity of damaged myocardium. Therefore, carbon nanotubes have a great potential as new biomaterials in tissue engineering field. (4) The research of carbon nanotubes in the field of tissue repair is still under the level of in vitro experiment or animal experiments. There are still many difficulties ahead in the development of carbon nanotube composite scaffolds from experimental research to clinical practice, such as toxicological evaluation and effectiveness evaluation of carbon nanotubes, which need to be further improved. The relationships among the diameter, length, purity of carbon nanotubes, the preparation method of composite materials and tissue repair related pathways need to be further investigated. 

Key words: carbon nanotube, composite, scaffold, conductivity, mechanical property, biocompatibility, biodegradability, tissue engineering, bone repair, nerve repair, myocardial repair

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