Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (16): 3380-3387.doi: 10.12307/2025.423

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Construction and performance evaluation of polycaprolactone/nanodiamond-phospholipid composite materials

Tian Jiayu1, 2, Li Duohua1, 2, Zhang Feng1, 2, Feng Hu2, Sun Wei2   

  1. 1Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China; 2Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Received:2024-02-06 Accepted:2024-04-03 Online:2025-06-08 Published:2024-09-03
  • Contact: Sun Wei, Associate professor, Associate chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • About author:Tian Jiayu, Master candidate, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China; Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Xuzhou Science and Technology Project, No. KC21210 (to SW); Xuzhou Medical Youth Reserve Talent Training Project, No. XWRCHT20220038 (to SW)

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Polycaprolactone has been widely used in bone tissue engineering due to its excellent processing and degradation performance, but its poor hydrophilicity and mechanical strength cannot provide a good growth environment for osteoblasts.

OBJECTIVE: To prepare polycaprolactone/nanodiamond-phospholipid composite materials, evaluate its biocompatibility and in vitro ability to promote bone differentiation.

METHODS: Nanodiamond was modified using phospholipids, and polycaprolactone was used as the raw material. Polycaprolactone/nanodiamond-phospholipid composite materials with different mass ratios (0%, 2.5%, 7.5%, and 10%) were prepared by solution casting method. Polycaprolactone/nanodiamonds were used for comparison. The surface morphology, elemental composition, mechanical properties, and water contact angle of each group of materials were observed to select composite materials with better physical and chemical properties. MC3T3-E1 cells were inoculated onto pure polycaprolactone membrane, polycaprolactone/7.5% nanodiamond-phospholipid membrane, and polycaprolactone/7.5% polycaprolactone/nanodiamond membrane, respectively, to detect cell proliferation, adhesion, and osteogenic differentiation ability. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The successful preparation of the polycaprolactone/nanodiamond-phospholipid composite material was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and surface element composition. Compared with pure polycaprolactone membrane, the tensile strength of the polycaprolactone/7.5% nanodiamond-phospholipids membrane increased by 86.06%, the elastic modulus increased by 54.76%, and the water contact angle decreased to 70.0°, showing good physical and chemical properties. (2) The CCK-8 assay results showed that compared with pure polycaprolactone membrane and polycaprolactone/7.5% nanodiamond membrane, polycaprolactone/7.5% nanodiamond-phospholipid membrane could promote the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells. Phalloidine staining exhibited that compared with the polycaprolactone/7.5% nanodiamond membrane, the MC3T3-E1 cells on pure polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone/7.5% nanodiamond-phospholipid membrane were mostly rhomboid or spindle-shaped fibers, and the cells were more closely connected. Alkaline phosphatase staining showed that MC3T3-E1 cells on polycaprolactone/7.5% nanodiamond-phospholipid membrane exhibited stronger osteogenic differentiation ability compared with pure polycaprolactone membrane and polycaprolactone /7.5% nanodiamond membrane. (3) The results indicate that the polycaprolactone/nanodiamond-phospholipid composite material has good mechanical properties, hydrophilicity, biocompatibility, and the ability to promote osteogenic differentiation in vitro.

Key words: nanodiamond, polycaprolactone, phospholipid, solution casting method, MC3T3-E1 cell, osteogenic differentiation, bone tissue engineering

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