中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (在线): 1-10.

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水凝胶材料在脑卒中治疗中的应用进展与未来展望

王 峥,程 吉,于金龙,刘文红,王召红,周鲁星   

  1. 天津体育学院天津市运动生理与运动医学重点实验室,天津市   301617
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-14 出版日期:2025-01-08 发布日期:2025-05-12
  • 通讯作者: 周鲁星,讲师,天津体育学院天津市运动生理与运动医学重点实验室,天津市 301617
  • 作者简介:王峥,男,1993年,内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市人,蒙古族,理学硕士,实验师,主要从事运动康复、运动生物力学方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    天津体育学院青年教师科研托举项目(24TYQZ009),项目负责人:周鲁星;天津市心理健康教育研究专项课题项目(2024GX31),项目参与人:周鲁星;天津市体育科研“备战攻关课题项目(24BZ13),项目负责人:周鲁星

Progress and future perspectives on the application of hydrogel materials in stroke therapy

Wang Zheng, Cheng Ji, Yu Jinlong, Liu Wenhong, Wang Zhaohong, Zhou Luxing   

  1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Received:2025-01-14 Online:2025-01-08 Published:2025-05-12
  • Contact: Zhou Luxing, Lecturer, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • About author:Wang Zheng, Master, Experimentalist, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Exercise Physiology and Sports Medicine, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin 301617, China
  • Supported by:
    Young Teachers Scientific Research Support Project of Tianjin University of Sport, No. 24TYQZ009 (to ZLX); Tianjin Mental Health Education Research Special Project, No. 2024GX31 (to ZLX); Tianjin Sports Scientific Research “Preparation for Key Research Project”, No. 24BZ13 (to ZLX)

摘要:

文题释义:
水凝胶:是一种由亲水性高分子构成的三维网络结构,能够吸收并保持大量水分,同时保持固态形态。水凝胶可以通过物理或化学交联形成,常见的组成材料包括透明质酸、明胶、海藻酸盐、聚乙烯醇等。
脑卒中:是一种由于脑部血液供应受阻或出血导致脑组织损伤的急性脑血管疾病,主要分为缺血性脑卒中(由血栓或栓塞引起)和出血性脑卒中(由血管破裂引起)。

背景:近年来,水凝胶因独特的生物相容性、可塑性和多功能性成为脑卒中治疗中备受关注的材料。
目的:阐述脑卒中(出血性、缺血性)的主要病理机制、水凝胶治疗脑卒中的优势和应用进展以及水凝胶在设计和应用方面的独特考虑和挑战。
方法:应用计算机检索PubMed数据库、中国知网中的相关文献,英文检索词为“Hydrogel,Haemorrhagic stroke,Ischaemic stroke,Drug transport,Neuronal regeneration,Vascular remodelling, Inflammatory modulation”,中文检索词为“水凝胶,出血性脑卒中,缺血性脑卒中,药物运输,神经元再生,血管重塑,炎症调控”。根据入选标准,最终纳入符合要求的100篇文献进行综述。
结果与结论:水凝胶在脑卒中治疗中展现了显著优势,包括模拟细胞外基质促进神经修复、负载药物和生长因子实现精准释放、调控炎症反应以及支持血管新生等。同时,水凝胶的可塑性和微创输送特点提高了治疗的靶向性和患者的接受度,然而,目前仍面临材料稳定性、降解控制及临床转化的技术瓶颈。未来研究应聚焦于开发智能化、复合型和高效能水凝胶,以实现个性化、精准化治疗。水凝胶材料的持续发展有望为脑卒中等神经系统疾病提供更有效的解决方案,推动这一领域的医疗技术革新。

关键词: 水凝胶, 出血性脑卒中, 缺血性脑卒中, 药物运输, 神经元再生, 血管重塑, 炎症调控

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, hydrogel has become a material of great interest in stroke treatment due to its unique biocompatibility, plasticity, and versatility. 
OBJECTIVE: To describe the main pathological mechanisms of stroke (hemorrhagic and ischemic), the advantages and progress of application of hydrogels in the treatment of stroke, the unique considerations and challenges in the design and application of hydrogels. 
METHODS: The relevant literature in PubMed database and CNKI was searched by computer, with Chinese and English search terms “hydrogel, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, drug transport, neuronal regeneration, vascular remodeling, inflammatory modulation.” According to the inclusion criteria, 100 articles that met the requirements were finally included for review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Hydrogels have demonstrated significant advantages in stroke treatment, including mimicking extracellular matrix to promote neural repair, loading drugs and growth factors to achieve precise release, modulating inflammatory responses, and supporting neovascularization. Meanwhile, its plasticity and minimally invasive delivery characteristics improve the targeting of treatment and patient acceptance. However, technical bottlenecks of material stability, degradation control, and clinical translation are still faced. Future research should focus on the development of intelligent, composite and high-performance hydrogels for personalized and precise treatment. The continuous development of hydrogel materials is expected to provide more effective solutions for neurological diseases, such as stroke, and promote medical technology innovation in this field.

Key words: hydrogel, hemorrhagic stroke, ischemic stroke, drug transport, neuronal regeneration, vascular remodeling, inflammatory modulation

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