中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (31): 6772-6781.doi: 10.12307/2025.712

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

间充质干细胞及其衍生细胞外囊泡靶向巨噬细胞干预自身免疫性疾病

姚兰宣1,2,王雪菲1,2,刘  洋1,2,杨雨佳1,2,赵  怡1,2,齐芳芳2,3,李颖辉2,4   

  1. 1河北医科大学口腔医学院,河北省石家庄市  050000;2河北省口腔医学重点实验室,河北省石家庄市  050000;河北医科大学口腔医院,3牙体牙髓科,4正畸科,河北省石家庄市  050000
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-05 接受日期:2024-09-24 出版日期:2025-11-08 发布日期:2025-02-27
  • 通讯作者: 李颖辉,博士,讲师,河北省口腔医学重点实验室,河北省石家庄市 050000;河北医科大学口腔医院正畸科,河北省石家庄市 050000
  • 作者简介:姚兰宣,女,2003年生,河北省廊坊市人,河北省口腔医学重点实验室,河北医科大学口腔医学院本科在读,主要从事细胞外囊泡方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    河北医科大学2023年大学生创新性实验计划立项项目(USIP2023110),指导老师:李颖辉;河北省医学课题研究计划(20221446),项目负责人:齐芳芳

Mesenchymal stem cells and their derived extracellular vesicles target macrophages to intervene in autoimmune diseases

Yao Lanxuan1, 2, Wang Xuefei1, 2, Liu Yang1, 2, Yang Yujia1, 2, Zhao Yi1, 2, Qi Fangfang2, 3, Li Yinghui2, 4   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China; 2Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China; 3Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, 4Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
  • Received:2024-08-05 Accepted:2024-09-24 Online:2025-11-08 Published:2025-02-27
  • Contact: Li Yinghui, PhD, Lecturer, Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China; Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
  • About author:Yao Lanxuan, School of Stomatology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China; Hebei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shijiazhuang 050000, Hebei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    2023 College Students’ Innovative Entrepreneurial Training Plan Program of Hebei Medical University, No. USIP2023110 (to LYH); Medical Science Research Project of Hebei Provincial Health Commission, No. 20221446 (to QFF)

摘要:

文题释义:

间充质干细胞:可以从不同的成熟组织中分离获取,它是一种保持多向分化能力的成体干细胞,在再生医学及治疗免疫炎症性疾病方面有着巨大潜力。
巨噬细胞极化:巨噬细胞活化后,在不同细胞因子的作用下,可以产生不同的极化表型,包括经典的M1极化和替代M2极化。
自身免疫性疾病:指机体对自身抗原发生免疫反应而导致自身组织损害的一类疾病。

摘要
背景:巨噬细胞是机体固有免疫的重要组成部分,当机体内环境发生改变时巨噬细胞可以产生不同的极化表型,并发挥相应的炎性免疫作用。间充质干细胞能够分泌较多数量的细胞外囊泡到机体内环境中,具有细胞间信号传导及免疫调节功能。研究表明,间充质干细胞及间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡可以影响巨噬细胞M1/M2极化平衡,从而治疗机体免疫炎症性疾病。
目的:探讨间充质干细胞及其来源细胞外囊泡通过调节巨噬细胞极化来干预自身免疫性疾病的信号机制,以及工程化细胞外囊泡在此领域的相关研究进展。
方法:第一作者检索PubMed、中国知网等数据库自建库到2024年6月发表的相关文献,以“间充质干细胞,细胞外囊泡,外泌体,凋亡小体,凋亡囊泡,巨噬细胞极化,M1极化,M2极化,自身免疫性疾病,多发性硬化,类风湿性关节炎,系统性红斑狼疮,1型糖尿病,炎症性肠病,自身免疫性泪腺炎,工程化细胞外囊泡,工程化外泌体,药物递送”为中文检索词;以“macrophage polarization,M1 macrophage,M2 macrophage,autoimmune disease,type 1 diabetes,multiple sclerosis,rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,autoimmune dacryadenitis,inflammatory bowel disease,mesenchymal stem cells,extracellular vesicles,engineered extracellular vesicles,engineering exosomes,drug delivery”为英文检索词,阅读每篇文献的文题、摘要进行初筛,最终筛选出70篇文献进行归纳分析。
结果与结论:①间充质干细胞可以通过释放或间接作用于功能性蛋白来调节M1/M2极化;②间充质干细胞可以通过作用于炎症小体调控巨噬细胞M2极化;③间充质干细胞可以与常用药物组合以增强药物疗效;④间充质干细胞受到炎性刺激后可以调控细胞外囊泡的释放影响巨噬细胞极化;⑤间充质干细胞来源细胞外囊泡可以通过PTEN、NOTCH、核因子κB、Toll样受体、PI3K/AKT等通路靶向巨噬细胞极化调节自身免疫性疾病;⑥工程化细胞外囊泡可以实现非侵入式靶向给药,延长药物半衰期,推动外泌体口服给药,减轻移植物异体反应,提高中草药生物利用度并攻克血脑屏障,开辟了一条药物递送新路径。

关键词: 间充质干细胞, 细胞外囊泡, 外泌体, 巨噬细胞极化, M1/M2极化, 自身免疫性疾病, 工程化细胞外囊泡

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Macrophages are an important part of innate immunity. When the internal environment of the body changes, macrophages can produce different polarization phenotypes and play the corresponding inflammatory immune function. Mesenchymal stem cells can secrete a large number of extracellular vesicles into the internal environment of the body, which have the functions of intercellular signaling and immune regulation. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles can affect the M1/M2 polarization balance of macrophages so as to treat immune inflammatory diseases.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the signaling mechanism of how mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles interfere with autoimmune diseases by regulating the polarization of macrophages, as well as the related research progress of engineered extracellular vesicles in this field.
METHODS: The first author searched the relevant literature published in PubMed, CNKI and other databases until June 2024. Chinese search terms were “mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, exosomes, apoptotic bodies, apoptotic vesicles, macrophage polarization, M1 polarization, M2 polarization, autoimmune diseases, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, type 1 diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune dacryadenitis, engineered extracellular vesicles, engineering exosomes, drug delivery.” English search terms were “macrophage polarization, M1 macrophage, M2 macrophage, autoimmune disease, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, autoimmune dacryadenitis, inflammatory bowel disease, mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular vesicles, engineered extracellular vesicles, engineering exosomes, drug delivery.” The title and abstract of each paper were read and initially screened. Finally, 70 articles were selected for induction and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mesenchymal stem cells can regulate M1/M2 polarization by releasing or indirectly acting on functional proteins. (2) Mesenchymal stem cells can regulate macrophage M2 polarization through inflammasome. (3) Mesenchymal stem cells can be combined with commonly used drugs to enhance drug efficacy. (4) Mesenchymal stem cells can regulate the release of mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles after inflammatory stimulation and affect the polarization of macrophages. (5) Mesenchymal stem cells-extracellular vesicles can regulate autoimmune diseases by targeting macrophage polarization through PTEN, NOTCH, nuclear factor κB, Toll-like receptors, PI3K/AKT and other pathways. (6) Engineered extracellular vesicles can achieve non-invasive targeted drug delivery, prolong the half-life of drugs, promote the oral administration of exosomes, reduce allograft reaction, improve the bioavailability of Chinese herbs and overcome the blood-brain barrier, opening up a new path for drug delivery.


Key words:

"> mesenchymal stem cell, extracellular vesicle, exosome, macrophage polarization, M1/M2 polarization, autoimmune disease, engineered extracellular vesicle

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