中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (17): 3557-3565.doi: 10.12307/2025.643

• 口腔组织构建 oral tissue construction • 上一篇    下一篇

保留反应性软组织联合脱矿牙本质基质应用于拔牙位点保存

戴婕婷,任碧晖,徐业豪,郭水根,魏洪武   

  1. 南昌大学附属康复医院,江西省南昌市  330000
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-13 接受日期:2024-07-26 出版日期:2025-06-18 发布日期:2024-10-31
  • 通讯作者: 魏洪武,主任医师,南昌大学附属康复医院,江西省南昌市 330000
  • 作者简介:戴婕婷,女,1997年生,湖南省安化县人,汉族,2024年南昌大学毕业,硕士,医师,主要从事口腔种植的研究。

Reactive soft tissue preservation combined with demineralized dentin matrix for extraction site preservation

Dai Jieting, Ren Bihui, Xu Yehao, Guo Shuigen, Wei Hongwu   

  1. Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • Received:2024-06-13 Accepted:2024-07-26 Online:2025-06-18 Published:2024-10-31
  • Contact: Wei Hongwu, Chief physician, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China
  • About author:Dai Jieting, MS, Physician, Affiliated Rehabilitation Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi Province, China

摘要:



文题释义:

位点保存:也称为牙槽嵴保存或拔牙位点保存,指的是在拔牙期间或者拔牙术后,为了减少牙槽骨吸收、促进牙槽窝内新骨形成所采取的一系列临床治疗方法。这些方法旨在最大程度地减少牙槽嵴的吸收,为后期的种植修复提供足够的骨量和良好的骨质。
脱矿牙本质基质:指经过特定处理,去除了牙本质中的矿物质成分(如钙、磷等)后得到的牙本质组织。这个过程通常涉及酸处理或酶处理,目的是去除牙本质中的无机矿物质,而保留其有机基质部分。
反应性软组织:是牙周软组织对于慢性炎症产生局部防御性反应的结果,主要由肉芽组织和长结合上皮组成,存在于无保留价值的患牙和骨壁之间。

背景:反应性软组织内的干细胞间充质具有促进组织再生的潜力,脱矿牙本质基质具有良好的生物相容性,可以作为位点保存术的支架材料,促进骨细胞的附着、增殖和分化。
目的:影像学分析拔牙保留反应性软组织1个月后、行脱矿牙本质基质位点保存术后6个月牙槽骨高度和宽度的变化。
方法:纳入38例患者共62个拔牙位点,拔除患牙保留反应性软组织1个月后应用脱矿牙本质基质行位点保存术,术前、术后即刻、术后6个月拍摄锥形束CT,分别测量近中骨高度、中央骨高度、远中骨高度、颊侧骨高度、舌侧骨高度、牙槽嵴宽度,根据拔牙后剩余牙槽窝骨壁数量分为一壁骨缺损、二壁骨缺损、三壁骨缺损、四壁骨缺损。比较位点保存术前、术后即刻、术后6个月的骨量变化。
结果与结论:①在骨愈合期间无位点发生创口感染;②与位点保存术前比较,术后即刻骨高度、骨宽度明显增加(P < 0.05);术后6个月骨高度增加(P < 0.05),骨宽度无明显变化(P > 0.05);与术后即刻比较,术后6个月骨宽度吸收了(1.253±2.896) mm (P < 0.05),骨高度无明显变化(P > 0.05);③位点保存术后即刻、术后6个月4种骨缺损类型的骨高度明显增加(P < 0.05),骨宽度无显著变化(P > 0.05);术后6个月较术前一壁骨缺损近中骨量增长最少(P < 0.05),二壁骨缺损近中骨量增长最多(P < 0.05);④结果表明:脱矿牙本质基质应用于位点保存术可有效预防和减缓拔牙术后的牙槽骨吸收,能够在一定程度上重建已发生吸收的牙槽骨轮廓;拔牙术后保留反应性组织应用于脱矿牙本质基质位点保存术中,可实现创口封闭,临床疗效好;脱矿牙本质基质应用于一壁、二壁、三壁、四壁牙槽窝位点保存效果相似,但总体而言,脱矿牙本质基质应用于骨壁完整的拔牙窝时位点保存效果更为优良。
https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4654-7727(戴婕婷)

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

关键词: 影像学研究, 位点保存, 脱矿牙本质基质, 反应性软组织, 骨壁缺损

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Stem cell mesenchyme within reactive soft tissues has the potential to promote tissue regeneration. Demineralized dentin matrix, which has good biocompatibility, can be used as a scaffold material for the site preservation surgery to promote the attachment, proliferation, and differentiation of osteoblasts.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the changes in alveolar bone height and width after 6 months of site preservation with demineralized dentin matrix after 1 month of extraction of affected teeth with preservation of reactive soft tissues.
METHODS: A total of 38 patients with 62 extraction sites were included. One month after the extraction of the affected teeth with preservation of reactive soft tissues, demineralized dentin matrix was used to perform site-preservation surgery. Cone-beam CT was taken preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 6 months postoperatively to measure the proximal-medial bone height, central bone height, distal-medial bone height, buccal bone height, lingual bone height, and alveolar bone height, and alveolar bone width. Extraction defects were categorized as one-, two-, three-, or four-wall defects based on the number of alveolar fossa bone walls remaining after tooth extraction. Changes in bone volume were compared preoperatively, immediately postoperatively, and 6 months postoperatively.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No wound infection occurred at any site during bone healing. Compared with preoperative data, there was a significant increase in alveolar bone height and bone immediately postoperatively (P < 0.05); there was also an increase in alveolar bone height but no change in alveolar bone width 6 months postoperatively (P > 0.05). Compared with the immediate postoperative period, alveolar bone width was increased by (1.253±2.896) mm 6 months postoperatively, but there was no change in alveolar bone height (P > 0.05). The bone height of the four bone defect types was significantly increased immediately and 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05), and no changes in the bone width were observed (P > 0.05). Compared with the preoperative data, there was the least increase in proximal-medial bone volume in one-wall bone defects at 6 months postoperatively (P < 0.05) and the most increase in proximal-medial bone volume in two-wall bone defects (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that demineralized dentin matrix applied to site preservation can effectively prevent and slow down alveolar bone resorption after tooth extraction, and can rebuild the alveolar bone contour where resorption has occurred to a certain extent; preservation of reactive tissues applied to demineralized dentin matrix site preservation after tooth extraction can achieve wound closure with good clinical efficacy; demineralized dentin matrix applied to the alveolar socket site preservation with one-, two-, three-, and four-wall defects shares similar effects. However, demineralized dentin matrix is more effective for site preservation when applied to extraction sockets with intact bone walls.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

Key words: imaging research, site preservation, demineralized dentin matrix, reactive soft tissue, bone wall defects

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