中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (32): 8471-8478.doi: 10.12307/2026.459

• 材料生物相容性 material biocompatibility • 上一篇    下一篇

基于ABAQUS的双层坐垫在弹射工况下的脊柱损伤风险评估

闫  瑾1,徐梦真1,包佳仪2   

  1. 1中国矿业大学(北京)应急管理与安全工程学院,北京市   100083;2北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京市   100191
  • 接受日期:2026-02-06 出版日期:2026-11-18 发布日期:2026-04-28
  • 通讯作者: 包佳仪,博士,助理教授,北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,北京市 100191
  • 作者简介:闫瑾,女,1998年生,山东省济宁市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事航空人因工程研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(12202035),项目负责人:包佳仪

Spinal injury risk assessment of a double-layer cushion for ejection seats based on ABAQUS

Yan Jin1, Xu Mengzhen1, Bao Jiayi2   

  1. 1School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China; 2School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
  • Accepted:2026-02-06 Online:2026-11-18 Published:2026-04-28
  • Contact: Bao Jiayi, PhD, Assistant professor, School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
  • About author:Yan Jin, MS, School of Emergency Management and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (Youth Science Fund), No. 12202035 (to BJY)

摘要:

文题释义:
动态响应指数:用于评估人体对向上弹射的耐受能力。动态响应指数以弹射时人体脊柱承受的最大加速度与重力加速度的比值作为计算标准,通过仿真假人不同部位过载传感器采集数据。
有限元仿真:是一种数值计算方法,通过将连续的物理问题离散化为有限数量的单元和节点,构建代数方程组并求解,从而获得近似解,被广泛应用于结构力学、热传导、流体动力学、电磁学等工程与科学领域。

背景:人体在弹射逃生时承受的巨大冲击加速度是导致脊柱损伤的主要风险,因此,优化弹射座椅坐垫的缓冲吸能设计对于保障飞行员生命安全具有关键作用。
目的:构建基于 ABAQUS的人-椅垫耦合有限元模型,量化评估兼具高回弹与慢回弹优势的双层坐垫在弹射工况下对腰椎生物力学响应与脊柱损伤风险的影响,量化其安全裕度。
方法:选取1名男性飞行员志愿者的全脊柱及腿部CT影像数据,完成三维解剖重建、几何修复与有限元网格划分,构建包含全脊柱、骨盆、双股骨及皮肤软组织的高生物保真度人体数字模型,建立双层坐垫几何模型。在ABAQUS中组装人-椅系统耦合模型并施加弹射加速度时程开展动力学仿真,比较高回弹坐垫与双层坐垫两方案下L4-L5与L5-S1椎间盘的应力响应,同时结合脊柱损伤风险动态响应指数对损伤概率进行预测。
结果与结论:仿真结果与实测数据的一致性良好,有效验证了模型的准确性。性能对比分析表明,相较于传统高回弹坐垫,双层坐垫在弹射冲击下降低了L4-L5与L5-S1椎间盘的峰值应力,动态响应指数降低了1.8%,脊柱损伤概率降低了10.6%,在满足相关限值的前提下,提供了更高的安全裕度,可有效降低人体在弹射冲击载荷下脊柱损伤的风险。
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6478-5214 (闫瑾);https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4397-8700 (包佳仪) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 生物力学, 弹射座椅, 骨骼建模, 有限元仿真, 损伤风险评估, 动态响应指数

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The enormous impact acceleration experienced by the human body during ejection is a major risk factor for spinal injury. Therefore, optimizing the cushioning and energy absorption design of ejection seat cushions is crucial for ensuring the safety of pilots.
OBJECTIVE: To construct a human-seat cushion coupled finite element model based on ABAQUS to quantitatively evaluate the impact of a double-layer cushion, which combines the advantages of high and slow rebound, on lumbar spine biomechanical response and spinal injury risk under ejection conditions, and to quantify its safety margin.
METHODS: CT imaging data of the entire spine and legs from one male pilot volunteer were selected. Three-dimensional anatomical reconstruction, geometric repair, and finite element meshing were completed to construct a highly biologically faithful digital human model encompassing the entire spine, pelvis, both femurs, and skin soft tissues. A geometric model of the dual-layer seat cushion was also established. Subsequently, a human-chair system coupled model was assembled in ABAQUS. Dynamic simulations were conducted by applying an ejection acceleration time history. Stress responses in the L4–L5 and L5–S1 intervertebral discs were compared between the high-resilience and dual-layer cushion designs. Injury probability was predicted using the Spinal Injury Risk Dynamic Response Index.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The simulation results demonstrated good consistency with actual measurement data, effectively validating the model's accuracy. Performance comparison analysis indicated that, compared with conventional seat cushions, the dual-layer cushion reduced peak stresses in the L4–L5 and L5–S1 intervertebral discs during ejection impact. This solution reduces the dynamic response index by 1.8%, lowering the predicted probability of spinal injury by 10.6%. While meeting relevant limits, it provides a higher safety margin and can effectively reduce the risk of spinal injury to the human body under ejection impact loads.


Key words: biomechanics, ejection seat, skeletal modeling, finite element simulation, injury risk assessment, dynamic response index

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