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05 February 2011, Volume 15 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Differentiation of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into thyroid cells  Zhang Qin, Liu Dong-yuan 2011, 15 (6):  951-954.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.001 Abstract ( 245 )   PDF (1188KB) ( 311 )   Save BACKGROUND: Thyrotrophin, insulin or insulin-like growth factor play important roles in development, differentiation, heterogenic expression and function production of thyroid cells. Thus, this study simulated thyroid in vivo embryogenesis, and gradually added above-mentioned stimulating factor to further induce bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of differentiation of the adult BMSCs into thyroid cells under specific circumstances in vitro. METHODS: BMSCs were isolated by the density gradient method. BMSCs were induced with thyrotrophin and insulin. Morphological changes were observed by the inverted optical microscope and transmission electron microscopy. Immune fluorescence detection method was used to differentiate adult BMSCs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: On day 3 following culture in the induction group, BMSC morphology changed from spindle to round, ellipse or triangle, grew irregularly, with clear boundary. On day 8, adherent embryo became flat. On day 7, differentiated cells expressed thyroid cell gene TSHr. On day 9, differentiated cell markers TTF-1 expression was detected in thyroid cells. Results suggested that BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into thyroid cells in vitro and are ideal seed cells in the study of tissue engineering treatment of thyroid diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Probability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells enhanced by hypoxia precondition against cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by hypoxia Zhou Mei-ling, Wang Ai-ling, Xu Feng, Chen Feng 2011, 15 (6):  955-958.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.002 Abstract ( 233 )   PDF (1070KB) ( 350 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have a lower survival rate after implanted into the ischemic myocardium. However, hypoxia precondition may enhance BMSCs proliferation and promote its survival rate. OBJECTIVE: To stimulate the micro-environment of myocardial ischemia in vitro, and to investigate the protective effect of BMSCs on cardiomyocytes apoptosis continually induced by hypoxia after the hypoxia precondition (HP). METHODS: The 4th passage SD rats BMSCs were used to prepare conditioned medium. Embryonic cardiomyocytes from rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: cardiomyocytes culture under normal condition alone (normal group), cardiomyocytes culture under hypoxia condition alone (model group), cardiomyocytes co-cultured with conditioned medium of BMSCs under normal condition (BMSCs group), cardiomyocytes co-cultured conditioned medium of BMSCs under hypoxia precondition (HP group). Changes in cell viability were measured by MTT assay, cardiomyocytes apoptosis was labeled by Annexin V-FITC/PI staining, and the protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 were detected by immunohistochemisty staining in each group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The immunohistochemisty demonstrated that Bcl-2 expression in HP group was increased (P < 0.05), compared with control group, model group, and BMSCs group; While, compared with model group and BMSCs group, Bax expression in HP group was reduced, and the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax is maximum. Compared with control group and BMSCs group, cell viability in HP group was increased (P < 0.05), the apoptosis rate was reduced (P < 0.05). It suggested that HP may regulate Bax and Bcl-2 through the enhancement of paracrine mechanism, and which has a protective effect on cardiomyocytes apoptosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Ultrastructural characteristics of adult bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells labeled with green fluorescent protein Ma Li-hua, Zhao Yi, Cai Xue-min, Deng Yong-li, Pan Xing-hua 2011, 15 (6):  959-962.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.003 Abstract ( 242 )   PDF (1483KB) ( 376 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have suggested that no significant changes were determined in immunological phenotype, cell cycle and differentiation potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP). OBJECTIVE: To further study effects of GFP on ultrastructure of BMSCs. METHODS: BMSCs were isolated from adult marrow and cultured in vitro. BMSCs were stained in immunocytochemistry with antibody of anti-CD34 and anti-CD105 to identify. The third generation of BMSCs were labeled with GFP. Ultrathin sections of BMSCs labeled with GFP were observed for ultrastructure under the transmission electron microscope, and normal BMSCs without GFP served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMSCs expressed CD105 and not CD34. They labeled with GFP had green fluorescence in the cytoplasm. The fluorescent strength became weak gradually in the cytoplasm away from nuclei. BMSCs labeled GFP had many rough endoplasm reticulum and Golgi body, less mitochondrion than normal BMSCs. In addition, lipid droplet and “vacuole”-like structure became more. Results verified that effects of GFP on BMSCs were limited, and GFP was an ideal tracing reagent. Related Articles | Metrics

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Culture and differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into chondrocytes Guo Xuan, Huo Ran, Lü Ren-rong, Lin Li 2011, 15 (6):  963-966.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.004 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (1303KB) ( 399 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) do not have ideal specific surface markers, and there is no unified standard to identify BMSCs. Most identification depends on its morphological levels, functional characteristics and differentiational phenotype occurred during the culture. OBJECTIVE: To culture, amplify and identify rabbit BMSCs in vitro, and observe the feasibility of differentiation into chondrocytes.  METHODS: Rabbit BMSCs were extracted through the density gradient centrifugation. Cell morphology was observed using the inverted microscope. Cells were cultured in α-MEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, and cells were counted daily to observe cell growth speed. Expression of CD45, CD29, CD44 on P0 and P3 BMSCs was detected using flow cytometry. Well-grew rabbit BMSCs at P3 were obtained and induced using special media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum, transforming growth factor (TGF)-1 10 μg/L, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-Ⅰ 110 μg/L, transferring 6.25 mg/L, dexamethasone 10 mmol/L and vitamin C 0.05mmol/L. Morphological changes were observed using the inverted microscope. Specificity of cartilage collagen type Ⅱ was detected using immunohistochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cultured cells in the fusiform long, fibroblast growth of samples. The cells grow rapidly. Flow cytometry results showed that for the P0 cells about 62.4% of the cells expressed CD29, about 60.3% of the cells expressed CD44, 2.79% of the cells expressed CD45, and for the P3 cells, about 99.9% of the cells expressed CD29, about 99.6% of the cells expressed CD44, 2.62% of the cells expressed CD45. After the BMSCs in induction, the ability of expansion was decreased obviously, and the morphology changes after 21 days, and the collagen type Ⅱbecome dyeing. Results suggest that BMSCs can be successfully isolated and amplified by density gradient centrifugation. The third passage of BMSCs shows high purity. Under appropriate conditions, the BMSCs have the potential of differentiating itself into chondrocytes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Promoting effects of laminin on osteogenetic differentiation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and focal adhesion kinase expression Zha La Ga-hu, Xu Zhong-wei, Lan Xiao-xia, Chen Xiao, Chen Xiao-yi 2011, 15 (6):  967-971.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.005 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (1509KB) ( 300 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recent studies on umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) are focused on the isolation, purification and induction and differentiation of UCMSCs, and there are a few reports about the studies of the effects of extracellular matrix components and correlations to signaling pathway. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of laminin on the osteogenesis differentiation of UCMSCs and expression of focal adhesion kinase (FAK). METHODS: The logarithmic cells were divided in to four groups. In laminin induction group, laminin concentrations were at 50, 25, 5, 1 mg/L. In osteogenic induction group, osteogenic solution was used. In co-induction group, laminin and osteogenic solution were used. In control group, no Laminin or osteogenic solution. Observation of cell morphology, Alizarin red staining analysis of calcium salt deposits, detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, histochemical and western blotting analysis of ERK1/2, P-ERK and FAK expression were performed after 4 weeks of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①The cells of induction groups were formed to short column and linked together with short neurites, and nucleus appeared roundness under inverted microscopes. ② Alizarin red staining analysis indicated that the cells were positive with red color. Co-induction group appeared more calcium salt deposits than other groups. Calcium salt deposits were higher in 21-day cells than other time points cells (P< 0.05). ③ ALP activity analysis indicated that laminin induction group had higher ALP activity than control group, and 7-day induction cells had statistical significant differences (P < 0.05). There were no differences among the cells treated with different laminin concentrations (P > 0.05). ④ Histochemical analysis indicated that the expressions of ERK1/2, P-ERK and FAK were improved in laminin induction group compared with control group (P < 0.05). ⑤ Western blotting analysis indicated that there were ERK1/2, P-ERK and FAK proteins in induction and co-induction groups, but no above-mentioned expression in laminin induction and control groups. Results indicated that laminin promoted the differentiation of UCMSCs into osteoblasts and upregulated ERK1/2, P-ERK and FAK protein expression. Related Articles | Metrics

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All-trans-retinoic acid induces the differentiation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells into neural cells Zhou Wen-xun, Zhang Yan-ru 2011, 15 (6):  972-975.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.006 Abstract ( 223 )   PDF (1113KB) ( 396 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, antioxidant and cytokine method are used in the study of the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) into nerve cells in vitro, but the induced efficiency was low. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) in the differentiation of rabbit BMSCs into neural cells. METHODS: Rabbits BMSCs were isolated and expanded in vitro, and the 4th generations were obtained for observation of cell morphology. After 24 hours of induction using 0.4 μmol/L ATRA, neuronal medium was used in the experimental group. At 4, 8, 16 and 24 hours following culture in the neuronal medium, immunohistochemistry was used to detect expressions of nestin, neuron specific enolase (NSE) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). RT-PCR was utilized to determine expression of nestin and NSE. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Following culture and subculture, BMSCs were adherent and fibroblast-like. Immunohistochemical method demonstrated that ATRA group was positive for nestin and NSE. Following induction, cell viability was good. RT-PCR results showed that ATRA group expressed nestin before and after induction. At 16 hours following induction, NSE exhibited significant amplification band, and became more obvious at 24 hours. These suggest that ATRA could promote the differentiation of rabbit BMSCs into neural cells in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Steroid effects on neurotransmitter expressions in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rabbits Wang Yi-sheng, Zhang Xin, Zhang Zhen, Zhao Guo-qiang, Li Yue-bai 2011, 15 (6):  976-979.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.007 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (1227KB) ( 485 )   Save BACKGROUND: The precise etiopathogenesis of steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head remains unclear. Studies have demonstrated that the differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) was regulated by nervous system in various ways. The regulation mechanism could be affected by steroid to induce osteonecrosis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in neurotransmitter or its receptor mRNA expression in the BMSCs under the steroid condition. METHODS: The rabbit BMSCs were cultivated and isolated by adherence and density gradient centrifugation. The 3rd passage of BMSCs was randomly divided into two groups. In the experimental group, the cells were treated with 10-7 mol/L dexamethasone. In the control group, the cells were normally treated without dexamethasone. The mRNA expressions of nerve growth factor (NGF),  fibroblast growth factor (FGF), calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor (CGRPR), vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor (VIPR), substance P receptor (SPR) and peroxisom proliferator-activeted receptor-γ (PPARγ) of BMSCs were detected on days 4, 7, 11, 15. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expressions of NGF mRNA, FGF mRNA, CGRPR mRNA, VIPR mRNA and SPR mRNA in the experimental group were significantly lower than that in the control group, but the expression of PPARγ mRNA increased significantly (P < 0.01). There were no significantly differences compared among the experimental groups at various time points  (P > 0.05). Results suggested that high-dose steriod could depress the expressions of the neurotransmitters or their receptors which could promote the processes of ossification or vascularization in BMSCs. This might be one of the mechanisms for the development of the steroid-induced necrosis of femoral head. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mixed culture of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells from different sources Wang Zhao-fu, Jiao Hong-liang, Li Jian-bin, Shan Hong, Zheng Wen-di, Gu Chen-xi, Du Ying, Guan Fang-xia, Yang Bo 2011, 15 (6):  980-984.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.008 Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (1439KB) ( 347 )   Save BACKGROUND: Human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HAMs) can be induced to differentiate into neuron-like cells, but the number of stem cells in the training process is insufficient. OBJECTIVE: Observed HAMs the growth of mixed culture, and induced HAMs to the nerve-like cells by basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to obtain a sufficient number of HAMs. METHODS: Amnions from two placentas were separated and cultured to obtain HAMs, which were induced differentiation by adding bFGF. When cells were at the 3rd passage, cultured 6 HAMs (half dose) were randomly taken for the A group, 6 HAMs (half dose) were taken for the B group, the remaining half of the amount of the A, B group HAMs mixed as C group. Cell densities of 3 groups were 1.0×107/L. The cells proliferations of 3 groups were compared by live cell count and MTT colorimetric. The expressions of GFAP, neuronspecific enolase (NSE) and nestin were detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mixing HAMs have mutual effect on the proliferation. HAMs have a strong retrospective, which can express GFAP, NSE, and nestin induced by bFGF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of different passage methods for hippocampal neural stem cells Li Mei, Wang Xiang-zhen, Xu Tie-jun 2011, 15 (6):  985-989.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.009 Abstract ( 710 )   PDF (1524KB) ( 605 )   Save BACKGROUND: Neural stem cells (NSCs) cultured in vitro can form sphere due to its proliferation characteristics during suspension culture. How to isolate cell spheres into single cells is a problem facing us during subculture. OBJECTIVE: To establish an ideal subculture method for harvesting NSCs from the rat hippocampus to obtain a large number of NSCs for investigation.  METHODS: NSCs were isolated from neonatal 1-day rat hippocampus. After a growth of typically 5-6 days, primary neurospheres were passaged by mechanical dissociation, trypsin, TrypLE or Accutase digestion. Each method was used to dissociate neurospheres for three passages every 7 days. The ratio of cell viability and neurosphere numbers were estimated on day 1 and day 4 respectively after passage. This experiment was repeated three times. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three enzymatic dissociation each obtained single-cell suspension; while mechanical dissociation resulted in mixtures of single cells and small neurospheres. The cell viability after Accutase treatment was significantly higher than trypsin (P < 0.01) and TrypLE digestion (P < 0.05). Simultaneously, more newly formed neurospheres were generated by Accutase treatment as compared with other groups (P < 0.01). These indicated that in this experimental condition, enzymatic treatment using Accutase can be regarded as an ideal protocol for dissociating neurospheres into single cells with high cell survival which yield secondary neurospheres rapidly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Primary culture and identification of rat osteoblasts Li Xiao-feng, Zhao Jin-min, Su Wei, Fan Qie, Luo Shi-xing, Ma Ai-guo 2011, 15 (6):  990-994.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.010 Abstract ( 348 )   PDF (1494KB) ( 925 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering requires a lot of seed cells. Osteoblasts have become an important seed cells in bone tissue engineering. However, there are the difficulties to derive osteoblasts and the different purity of osteoblasts was obtained. OBJECTIVE: To establish the methods of isolated culture and purification of neonatal rat calvarial osteoblasts, and to observe the biological characteristics of the osteoblasts from the skull. METHODS: Osteoblasts of Sprague-Dawley neonatal rats were primarily cultured and proliferated by the second enzyme digestion. Osteoblasts were purified by differential attachment method. Osteoblast proliferation and osteogenic activity were identified by morphology, alkaline phosphatase detection, Alizarin red staining and calcium nodules Von kossa staining, ultrastructure and cell proliferation curve. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Primarily cultured calvarial osteoblasts could proliferate by the secondary source of enzyme digestion. The amplification cells showed representative morphological and biological characteristics of osteoblasts. Alkaline phosphatase, Alizarin red staining and calcium nodules Von kossa staining presented positive results. Ultrastructural features appeared as high-differentiated active osteoblasts. Cell proliferation curves showed active cells. Results indicated that calvarial osteoblast of Sprague-Dawley rat has good proliferation and osteogenic activity and can be continuously passaged, with high purity, cell biological characteristics of stability. Calvarial osteoblast is suitable for experiment in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of neurotrophic factors in umbilical cord blood plasma on CD34+ cell proliferation and differentiation Zhang Li, Li Qian-ru, Du Ying, Yang Bo, Li Guo-xi, Hu Xiang 2011, 15 (6):  995-999.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.011 Abstract ( 291 )   PDF (827KB) ( 389 )   Save BACKGROUND: Further studies are needed to understand if the neurotrophic factors in human umbilical cord blood plasma have the promoting effect on neural regeneration and repair. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the component of neurotrophic factors in umbilical cord blood plasma, observe its application in neural regeneration and repair. METHODS: The difference was compared between the human umbilical cord blood plasma (HUCBP) and peripheral venous blood plasma (PVBP) from healthy voluntary womenfolk using human antibody array. The CD34+ cells were sorted from human umbilical cord blood using immunomagnetic beads. Following cultivating in vitro and counting, proliferative ability of CD34+ cells was observed. Cell differentiation was observed using immunohistochemical method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The concentrations of 31 kinds of protein molecules were significantly higher in HUCBP than PVBP. Of them, 10 kinds of molecules thereinto have significant potential of nerve regeneration and plasticity, including FGF4, Frizzled-3, IL-3, RAGE, CRIM-1, Neuritin, Neuropilin-2, Neurturin, SFRP-3 and Tomoregulin-1. HUCBP may promote the CD34+ cells proliferation in cell culture medium and differentiation into nerve cells.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Co-culture, proliferation and migration of human umbilical cord blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells with vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor  Zhou Jian-liang, Zou Ming-hui, Chen Yi-chu, Zhou Cheng, Shi Jia-wei, Dong Nian-guo 2011, 15 (6):  1000-1004.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.012 Abstract ( 344 )   PDF (1220KB) ( 461 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present seeded cells of re-endothelialization for tissue engineered heart valve (TEHV) are mainly from mature endothelial cells; endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are precursor cells of endothelial cells, which attracts more and more people’s attention. OBJECTIVE: To isolate and proliferate human umbilical cord blood-derived (HUCB) endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), and to observe their biological characteristics in vitro. METHODS: Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated from fresh umbilical blood by density gradient centrifugation. MNCs were proliferated and cultured in medium supplemented with vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). Attached cells were identified by morphology, immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. And the EPCs were compared with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in the capacity of the proliferation and migration. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the prolongation of culture and induction time, the morphology of attached cells were significantly changed from small round cells to spindle cells, and gradually differentiated into typical mature endothelial cell cobblestone-like morphology, which could form characteristic clone. After 7 days induction in vitro, more than 90% of attached cells presented both Dil-ac-LDL and FITC-UEA-I positive. On day 7, flow cytometric analysis showed that the positive staining rate of attached cells for VEGFR2, CD34 and CD133 were (77.4±4.9)%, (52.4±6.6)%, and (19.4±2.1)%, respectively. On day 28, flow cytometric analysis showed that the positive staining rate of attached cells for VEGFR-2 and CD34 were (81.1±7.4)% and (7.6±3.1)%, but CD133 expression was not detected. The capacity of proliferation and migration of EPCs were significantly higher than that in HUVECs (P < 0.05), and the total number of cells reached 109 /L. The results showed that EPCs can be isolated and purified from HUCB by density gradient centrifugation and adherence screening method. EPCs can be induced and differentiated into endothelial cells, with high capacity of proliferation and migration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biological characteristics and anti-apoptotic cytokine secretion levels of human placenta mesenchymal stem cells Zhu Shao-fang, He Yuan-li, Lu Guo-hui, Fu Xia-fei 2011, 15 (6):  1005-1008.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.013 Abstract ( 323 )   PDF (1288KB) ( 405 )   Save BACKGROUND: The secondary injury to patients by extraction of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells also has the possibility of virus and bacterial contamination, and the ability of amplification and differentiation was not high. Therefore, this study extracted mesenchymal stem cells from placenta to understand the condition of secreting anti-apoptosis cytokine, and to explore the possibility of replacing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To isolate, culture in vitro, amplify human placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells, and to study the biological character and secretion levels of placenta derived mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: After isolating mesenchymal stem cells from the placenta, cell morphology was observed under microscope. Cell cycle, apoptotic cell death and the surface labeling expression were evaluated using flow cytometry to study their proliferation and growth characteristics. The cytokines, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Human placenta mesenchymal stem cells were fibroblast-like, with increased nuclear cytoplasm ratio under in vitro culture. The proliferation ratio was increased, while apoptosis decreased. Human placenta mesenchymal stem cells secreted anti-apoptotic cytokines, such as VEGF, IGF-1, and HGF. Related Articles | Metrics

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Construction and transfection of lentiviral eukaryotic expression vector carrying basic fibroblast growth factor Hu Yang, Sheng Lei, Ma Ying, He Hui-yu, Abulizi•Abudula, Aerziguli 2011, 15 (6):  1009-1014.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.014 Abstract ( 264 )   PDF (1674KB) ( 501 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies mainly used plasmid vector. Due to its low transfection efficiency, liposome transfection reagent is needed. The transfection has cytotoxicity, with complex operation. OBJECTIVE: To construct lentiviral vector carrying human basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) gene, to transfect ossification-induced bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and to identify the expression of bFGF gene. METHODS: Experimental group: bFGF gene primers were designed, total RNA was extracted from placental tissue using TRIzol. The bFGF gene amplified by RT-PCR, and the PCR product was connected to the pLenti6/V5-D-TOPO ® expression plasmid, which proved correctly constructed by the Xho-Ⅰand BamH-Ⅰ double digestion and DNA sequencing. With the promotion of Lipofectamine 2000, bFGF-pLenti6/V5 plasmid and packaging plasmid pLP1, pLP2, pLP/VSVG cotransfected 293FT cell line, bFGF-lentivirus supernatant was collected and infected the passageⅡ BMSCs. Control group: the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene was amplified by PCR from GFP-PMSLV-Plazmid, GFP gene was connected to pLenti6/V5-D-TOPO ® expression plasmid, and transfected into the BMSCs. The bFGF and GFP gene expression was detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 48 hours after transfection, GFP of the control BMSCs was visible. At 15 days after transfection, the bFGF expression of the experimental BMSCs was detected by RT-PCR and Western-blot. These indicated that lentiviral vectors carrying human bFGF and GFP were successfully constructed, and a method of transfecting rabbit BMSCs was constructed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Expression of stem cell-associated genes in colorectal cancer and SW620 cell line Li Qiu-xian, Huang Ying-feng, Wei Ya-ming, Wang Xiao-hua, Luo Hong-tu, Yang Shao-yu, Xu Yan-li, Huang Yu-yi, Ye Heng 2011, 15 (6):  1015-1019.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.015 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 488 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tumor cells always show some stem cell markers. The expression of these markers will help us to understand the mechanism of tumorgenesis and to perfect the theory of tumor stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of stem cell-related molecules markers CD133, CD166, Oct4, Sox2, C-myc, Klf4 and Bmi-1 in colorectal cancer tissue, the difference compared with the expression of adjacent tissues, as well as the difference in expression of above-described genes in sorted CD133+ SW620 cell line. METHODS: RNA was extracted from cancer tissues of 29 colon cancer tissue specimens. The expression of CD133, CD166, Oct4, Sox2, C-myc, Klf4 and Bmi-1 was detected by RT-PCR in colon cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. CD133+ SW620 cells were sorted, and RNA was extracted from CD133+ cells and CD133- cells. The different expressions of above genes were detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All samples were proved to be poorly/moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma or myxoadenocarcinoma in 29 cases. The relative quantity expressions of the stem cell-related molecules markers in the cancer tissue were higher than adjacent tissues (P < 0.05). RT-PCR indicated that stem cell associated genes expressions (CD133, CD166, Oct4, Sox2, C-myc, Klf4, Bmi-1) in CD133+ sorted cells were higher than that in CD133- ones. These suggested that CD133, CD166, Oct4, Sox2, C-myc, Klf4 and Bmi-1 were used in colorectal cancer diagnosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Mobilization and collection of autologous peripheral blood stem cells combined with chemotherapy regimen for treatment of neuroblastom/primitive neuroectodermal tumor in 35 children Zhang Wei-ling, Zhang Yi, Huang Dong-sheng, Yang Yi-ping, Liu Xiao-chao, Wu Yi-ping 2011, 15 (6):  1020-1023.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.016 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (1338KB) ( 320 )   Save BACKGROUND: Autologous peripheral blood stem-cell transplantation (APBSCT) is an important method to treat malignant solid tumor in children. Mobilization and collection of stem cells are the key for hematopoietic reconstitution. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical effect of mobilization and collection by cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine mobilization chemotherapy program in children with neuroblastom/primitive neuroectodermal tumor (NB/PNET). METHODS: Protocol of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine mobilization was used as mobilization chemotherapy in 35 cases (including 30 NB and 5 PNET). Effect of stem cell collection was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Leukocytes decreased to less than 2×109/L on 4-9 days (averagely 6.5 days) after the chemotherapy when granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) 5-10 mg/kg was given to stimulate hematopoiesis. Collection began when leukocytes reached to more than 5×109/L on 13-19 days after chemotherapy (averagely 15.5 days). Mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells were successfully collected in all cases. Total collection times were 1-4 times, averagely 2.1 times. The volumes of mononuclear cells and CD34+ cells were respectively (6.1±1.2)×108/kg and (5.3±0.8)×106/kg. Trypan blue exclusion rate was 99.5%(99%-100%). No severe complication was observed during the mobilization. All subjects could tolerate. Prompt and sustained hemocytoblastic reconstitution was observed in 25 children. Leukocytes began to increase (neutrophilic granulocytes > 0.5×109/L) at 10-20 days posttransplantation (averagely 14 days). Hemoglobin recovered (> 80 g/L) at 10-30 days posttransplantation (averagely 18 days). Platelet recovered (> 20×109/L) at 12-35 days posttransplantation (averagely 20 days). The program of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and vincristine is a highly efficient autologous peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and collection protocol in children with NB/PNET. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in rabbit knee joints: Magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage thickness and synovium volume of the knee joints Cui Yan-an, Liu Zhao, Liu Hong-xia, Huang Hai-qing, Zhang Quan-bin 2011, 15 (6):  1024-1029.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.017 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (2309KB) ( 407 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have immunoregulatory functions and the potential multiple differentiations. It can inhibit inflammatory reaction of rheumatoid arthritis and promote the repair of cartilage damage. OBJECTIVE: To observe the thickness of cartilage and the volume of synovium in MRI to analyze the effects of BMSCs transplantation on treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis in rabbits. METHODS: Forty-two New Zealand white rabbits were induced by injecting ovalbumin into right knee joints. MR and pathology examination of knee joints in six rabbits were done at 4 weeks after injection (before treatment). The remaining thirty-six rabbits were randomly and equally divided into model group and BMSCs treatment group. MR and pathology examination of knee joints of 6 rabbits from either group were done at 1, 2, 3 months after injection. The thickness of cartilage and the volume of synovium of the knee joints were measured by MRI, and pathohistological changes were observed as well. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Model group after 1, 2, 3 months treatment showed synovium thickening and cartilage thinning, and higher pathological scores, and exhibited synovium thinning and cartilage thickening, and lower pathological scores in BMSCs treatment group. The correlation between MRI and pathology was remarkable. These indicated that MRI can show the effect of BMSCs on the early rheumatoid arthritis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the serum levels of interleukin-4 and interleukin-12 in chronic asthmatic mice Ge Xia-hui, Bai Chong, Chen Ruo-hua, Hu Zhen-li, Zhu Tian-yi, Li Qiang 2011, 15 (6):  1030-1034.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.018 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (1520KB) ( 285 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that anti-in?ammatory actions of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) could ameliorate severity of acute lung injury. However, only a few studies have addressed BMSCs transplantation for asthma. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of allogeneic BMSCs transplantation on the serum levels of interleukin-12 (IL-12) and IL-4 in chronic asthmatic mice. METHODS: Forty female BALB/c mice were equally randomized into four groups. Mice of normal control and BMSCs control groups received PBS sensitization to arouse mice. On day 21 before suscitation, PBS or BMSCs (30 μL) were injected via the intratracheal injection. Mice of asthma model and BMSCs treatment groups were used to establish chronic asthma using chicken ovalbumin. On day 21 before suscitation, PBS or BMSCs (30 μL) were injected via the intratracheal injection. Serum inflammatory factor levels were measured in mice of each group using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were a great number of inflammatory cell infiltrations around airway and vessel, in conjunction with epithelial proliferation and partial breakage and defluvium, patchy airway occlusion by hyperviscous mucus and hypertrophy and hyperplasia of airway smooth muscle in the asthma model group. However, there was no obvious inflammatory cells infiltration in the airway and airway remodeling both in normal control group and BMSCs control group. Airway inflammation and airway remodeling were significantly relieved in the BMSCs treatment group. Compared to the normal control group and BMSCs control group, low level of IL-12 and high levels of IL-13 and IL-4 were present in the asthma model group. Transplantation of BMSCs significantly elevated level of IL-12 and decreased level of IL-4 in serum. Results suggest that BMSCs for asthma can relieve airway inflammation and airway remodeling by decreasing IL-4 levels and increasing IL-12 levels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in astrocytes and myelin sheath in rat models of delayed encephalopathy due to acute carbon monoxide poisoning following bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation Xing Hong-xia, Yin Chuang, Wang Yu-mei, Liu Sheng, Shi Li-jin, Li Jie 2011, 15 (6):  1035-1039.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.019 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (1553KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: The therapy of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning (DEACMP) in China is drug or hyperbaric oxygen. They all cost higher and have long low effect. OBJECTIVE: To first observe the changes of astrocytes and nerve myelin before and after bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transplantation to treat the DEACMP. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into three groups: control group, sham operated group, and stem cell transplantation group. All rats were injected carbon monoxide into abdominal cavity to produce DEACMP models. The transplantation group was injected with allograft bone marrow stromal cells through the left carotid artery at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 72 hours, 1 week after model establishment. External carotid artery was occluded in the sham operated group. The sham operated group was injected the same amount of phosphate buffered saline, and the control group was not injected anything. We detected the changes of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) by immunohistochemistry and observed myelin through Fast Green-FCF staining at 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks posttransplantation.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of GFAP in the rat brain in stem cell transplantation group was significantly higher than that of control group and the sham operated group at 6, 12 and 24 hours (P < 0.05). No significant difference in GFAP expression of each group was detected at 1-4 weeks (P > 0.05). The average absorbance of myelin in stem cell transplantation group was significantly higher at 6, 12 and 24 hours than control and sham operated groups (P < 0.05); the average absorbance of myelin of stem cell transplantation group at 2 weeks were significantly higher than that at 1, 3, 4 weeks (P < 0.05). These indicated that transplanted BMSCs into the DEACMP rats models through the left carotid artery could increase the responsivity of GFAP and enhance remyelination. The best time for transplantation was between the 6 hours and the 24 hours and the positive effects were significantly observed between 1 week and 2 week after transplantation.  Related Articles | Metrics

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Olfactory ensheathing cells transplantation combined with Du meridian electro-acupuncture for treatment of anterior spinal cord injury in rats  Zhang Shu-lian, Yan Jin-yu, Li Jian-feng 2011, 15 (6):  1040-1043.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.020 Abstract ( 284 )   PDF (1300KB) ( 250 )   Save BACKGROUND: Electro-acupuncture has effects on rehabilitation of spinal cord injury, and cell therapy such as olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) also exert effects in some patients’ rehabilitation. Whether both have synergistic effects remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of Du meridian electro-acupuncture and OECs transplantation on content of neurotrophic factor-3 and expression of P75NTR in anterior spinal cord injury rats.  METHODS: A total of 40 adult rats were randomly divided into: control group, DU meridian electro-acupuncture group, OECs transplantation group, DU meridian electro-acupuncture + OECs transplantation group. We measured the content of neurotrophic factor-3 and expression of P75NTR by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay at 2 weeks after OECs transplantation and DU meridian electro-acupuncture treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The content of NT-3 was highest in DU meridian electro-acupuncture + OECs transplanted group compared with other groups (P < 0.05). There were P75NTR expressions in both OECs transplantation group and DU meridian electro-acupuncture + OECs transplantation group, and the expression was more in DU meridian electro-acupuncture + OECs transplantation group than the OECs transplantation group. These indicated that Du meridian electro-acupuncture and OECs transplantation can elevate the content of neurotrophic factor-3 in anterior spinal cord injury rats. Du meridian electro-acupuncture can improve the survival of transplanted OECs in the host. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of Buyang Huanwu decoction on number and function of endothelial progenitor cells in the peripheral blood  Liu Kun, Li Kun, Dong Guo-hua, Shen Yi, Wang Chang-tian, Wu Hai-wei, Jing Hua 2011, 15 (6):  1044-1049.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.021 Abstract ( 278 )   PDF (1937KB) ( 370 )   Save BACKGROUND: Modern medicine studies have confirmed that endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) and Buyang Huanwu Decoction (BHD) have similar functions for treatment of ischemia disease. Is there a correlation between them? OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of BHD on the number and function of EPCs in peripheral blood. METHODS: EPCs were isolated from rabbit peripheral blood by density gradient centrifugation. Cultured EPCs were identified as Dil-LDL uptaking and FITC-lectin binding and further demonstrated using surface antigen immunohistochemistry. The attached cells were randomized into four groups. After being cultured in basal medium and EBM-2 medium containing different concentrations of BHD extract (20, 50, 100 g/L) for 72 hours, the cell morphology was observed. Meanwhile, the proliferation, migration, and adhesion of EPCs were assayed with MTT, Transwell chamber and adhesion function test, respectively. In addition, nitric oxide content and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression were assessed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Various mass concentrations of BHD could increase the number of EPCs, elevated proliferation, adherence, migration and nitric oxide secretion capacity of EPCs (P < 0.05). The effect was most significant at 50 g/L (P < 0.01). However, the effect was weak on VEGF expression. Results indicated that BHD could significantly increase the number of EPCs, and enhance the proliferation, migration, and adhesive capacity of EPCs. Meanwhile, BHD can induce late EPCs differentiation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of chrysin on cell surface ultrastructures, protein phosphorylation and related pathways in human hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402 cells   Zhao Xiang, Chen Xi, Li Chang-hong, Zhang Li-jun, Zhang Ye 2011, 15 (6):  1050-1056.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.022 Abstract ( 332 )   PDF (2600KB) ( 477 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chrysin, a dietary flavonoid or natural product, widely distributed in health food and Chinese herbal medicine, has promising cancer-preventive and cancer-therapeutic activities. Some problems remain poorly understood: whether chrysin is beneficial to liver cancer prevention and treatment? What are the underlying mechanisms? Whether chrysin promotes the differentiation of liver cancer stem cells? OBJECTIVE: By using human hepatocellular carcinoma cells as the subject, the study aimed to uncover the subcellular and molecular mechanisms of actions for chrysin. METHODS: The acid phosphatase assay, scanning electron microscopy and immunoblotting were used to investigate the effects of chrysin on the BEL-7402 cells, and to reveal the underlying anticancer mechanisms. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Chrysin has potent antiproliferative activity against cultured BEL-7402 cells, with an IC50 of  24.9 mol/L or 6.3 g/mL. When administered together with LY294002, a specific inhibitor of the PI3K-AKT pathway, chrysin cooperatively and significantly augmented the anticancer effect. However, chrysin alone did not lead to changes in the expression levels of AKT, phosphorylated AKT, and AKT’s downstream molecule GSK-3 and phospho-GSK-3, though β-catenin reduced slightly under a higher dosage. In chrysin-treated cells, the density of the microvillus-like protrusions on the cell surfaces was drastically increased; Membrane nanoparticles were emerging from the protrusions. Cells were severely retracted, leaving wide gaps between cultured cells. There were also dying or dead cells that were morphologically different from apoptotic cells. Numerous phospho-Ser/Thr bands were changed in chrysin-treated cells. Chrysin also caused extensive dephosphorylation of tyrosine on proteins, which was also seen in positive control or epirubicin-treated cells. No significant changes were observed in the levels of CDK1, phospho-CDK1/2, CDC25A, CDC25B and CD133. However, dose-dependent induction of PARP-1 fragmentation was observed upon chrysin treatment. Taken together, the antiproliferative effect of chrysin on the BEL-7402 cells was not resulted from blocking of the PI3K-AKT or Wnt/β-catenin pathway, nor from blocking of the key regulatory factors in cell cycle, but was likely resulted from ultrastructural alterations on the cell surfaces due to malfunction of biomembranes, and widespread modifications of protein phosphorylation. As a consequence, non-classical cell death was likely induced in chrysin-treated liver cancer cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Experimental research on adipose-derived stromal cells in tissue engineering bone for the repair of canine mandibular bone defects Li Xiao-yu, Yao Jin-feng, Liu Zheng-hua, Cai Jian-bo 2011, 15 (6):  1057-1060.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.023 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (1196KB) ( 269 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that only adipose-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) after osteogenic induction can be served as seeding cells for bone tissue engineering. However, the process of osteogenic induction is complicated, making the procedure expensive and elongating the culture time in vitro. OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of repairing the canine mandibular bone defects with tissue engineering method based on non-osteogenically induced ADSCs as seeding cells. METHODS: The subcutaneous fat from the back of dogs aged 12 months were obtained, mononuclearcell was obtained by collagenase digestion method. The cultured 3rd passage cells and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) ceramics formed scaffold composite. 20 mm in length and 10 mm in height of box-like bone defects were prepared in both sides of canine mandibular; the teeth were extracted in defect region. The cell-scaffold composite and BCP ceramics scaffold were implanted in canine mandibular bone defects. The region without intervention served as control. The repair of bone defects was detected by histology, at 4 weeks and 8 weeks implantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 4 weeks scaffold implantation, part of scaffold materials was degraded; new bone was formed in defect region. The bone formation in BCP group was significantly less than that in cell-scaffold composite group, and formed a small amount of new bones and part of the new vessels. At 8 weeks scaffold implantation, more new bones were formed between BCP group and cell-scaffold composite group, which were widely distributed in the bone defect region. However, the new bones in BCP group were still significantly less than that in cell-scaffold composite group; there were significant differences (P < 0.01). It is indicated that ADSCs combine with BCP can promote bone formation in vivo. ADSCs-scaffold construct can promote bone formation in vivo. Non-osteogenically induced ADSCs can be used as seed cells to repair the mandibular bone defects by tissue engineering technology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Methodological study on directional sensing and lateral pseudopodia formation during neutrophil polarity Chen Hai-yang, Cai Chun-qing, Xie Cui-hua, Luo Qiong, Meng Xiao-jing 2011, 15 (6):  1061-1064.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.024 Abstract ( 363 )   PDF (1308KB) ( 348 )   Save BACKGROUND: Neutrophil chemotaxis is an important response in the host defense and initiated by neutrophil polarization. A key event of neutrophil polarity is the ability of directional sensing and lateral pseudopodium formation. However, there are few reports regarding the correlative investigation of the neutrophil polarization. OBJECTIVE: To compare the three experimental modes of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (Fmlp)-stimulated neutrophil polarity to provide some methodological considerations. METHODS: ①Isolation of neutrophil by density gradient centrifugation; ②The neutrophil were stimulated by uniform concentration of fMLP, steep gradient concentration of fLMP and gentle gradient concentration of fLMP; ③The change and direction of neutrophil polarization were observed by inverted microscope; ④F-actin and cell nucleus were observed by confocal microscopy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①The direction of neutronphil treated by uniform concentration of fMLP was random. ②41% of neutrophil migrated electrode-oriented when stimulated by steep gradient concentration of fLMP and 68% of neutrophil move toward the fMLP side upon stimulated by gentle gradient concentration of fLMP. ③χ2 test has been shown that there are significant difference in the polarized direction among neutrophils treated by three experimental modes. ④Neutronphil lateral pseudopodia formed in all of three experimental modes, especially in the group of uniform concentration. It is better to use zigmond chamber to study on the mechanism of neutrophils directional sensing, which could be interfered by the formation of neutrophil lateral pseudopodia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Arterial perfusion combined with regional injection of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for femoral head necrosis  Shi Yue, Yin Wen-zhou, Chen Qi-zhong, Wang An-ming, Liu Jun-quan, Liu Hong-bin, Gao Cong-jing 2011, 15 (6):  1065-1069.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.025 Abstract ( 387 )   PDF (1669KB) ( 499 )   Save BACKGROUND: Cellular level studies have demonstrated that the proliferative ability of osteoblasts at the proximal end of the femur of patients with femoral head avascular necrosis was decreased, and the number of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) was diminished in the femoral head. Therefore, the treatment of femoral head avascular necrosis was done simultaneously when the blood supple was improved. Seed cells with osteogenic ability should be supplemented in the local necrotic region. OBJECTIVE: To observe clinical curative effect of autologous bone marrow MSCs (BMSCs) arterial perfusion in combination with interventional therapy of local puncture injection for treatment of femoral head avascular necrosis. METHODS: In 32 patients with femoral head avascular necrosis in the research group, the catheter was placed on the femoral head to support the artery using seldinger technique via percutaneous-femoral artery puncture. Urokinase 30×104 U and papaverine 30 mg were perfused. 10 mL BMSCs suspension was perfused via the medial femoral circumflex artery. 10 mL BMSCs suspension was infused via multiple points of percutaneous puncture at the necrotic region of the femoral head. The number of BMSCs was 2×107-2×108. The 34 patients with femoral head avascular necrosis of the concurrent control group were compared using interventional therapy of artery thrombolysis. The second and third interventional therapy was performed with an interval of 2 and 4 weeks, three times as a course, in both groups. RESULTS AND COMCLUSION: Stenosis, occlusion and revascularization were observed in the femoral head and neck regions of 32 patients of the research group. The vessel dying region of the femoral head was obviously enlarged. Necrotic region was gradually shortened in 29 cases. Following treatment, the improvement degree of range of motion was better in the research group than the control group. The effective rate of pain easement was 93.8%, and the clinical recovery rate was 84.4% in the research group, which were greater compared with the control group. Results demonstrated that perfusion of autologous BMSCs in combination with interventional therapy of multiple injection of percutaneous puncture for treatment of femoral head avascular necrosis following artery thrombolysis can elevate curative effect, pain release and improve joint function. Related Articles | Metrics

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Side population cells in human lymphoma Raji cell line: Possibility of lymphoma stem cells Xie Jian, Li Xiao-jin, Jin Cong-guo, Yu Mei-jia, Li Hui-min 2011, 15 (6):  1070-1074.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.026 Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (608KB) ( 570 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that cancer stem cells enriched SP cells in the acute leukemia and multiple myeloma. Moreover, immunophenotype and biological characteristics have significant heterogeneity compared with main population cells. However, there is few study concerning lymphoma stem cells.  OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the human lymphoma cell line-Raji contains SP cells, to investigate the difference in differentiation antigen, P-glycoprotein expression and cell cycle between SP cells and non-SP cells, and to explore the existing possibility of lymphoma stem cells. METHODS: After Hoechst-33342 staining, Raji cell line SP cells were detected and sorted using flow cytometry with ultraviolet. Inhibitory effects of various mass concentrations of verapamil on SP cells were observed and an optimal inhibitory concentration was selected. After sorting, P-glycoprotein, differentiation antigen CD34, CD20, CD19, CD5 and cell cycle were determined and compared between SP and non-SP cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: SP cells accounted for about 2% of viable cells in Raji, and could be blocked when verapamil was 50 mg/L. SP expressed 18.2% CD20+ cells compared with non-SP (93.6% CD20+), 78.0% CD5+cells compared with non-SP (22.2% CD5+). No significant difference in P-glycoprotein expression was detected between the two populations, but the P-glycoprotein (+) cells in SP displayed more intensive fluorescence compared with non-SP. These indicated that there are significant differences in differentiation degree and multidrug resistance between SP cells and non-SP cells in Raji cell line. SP cells are heterogeneous subset. We supposed that Raji cell line might be organized similarly as cancer stem cell hierarchy, and it is possible that lymphoma stem cells are enriched in SP cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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TAp63 gene expression in bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients Pan Yang-qiong, Liu Yan-fang, Sun Hui, Wang Gui-ye 2011, 15 (6):  1075-1078.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.027 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (606KB) ( 285 )   Save BACKGROUND: The expression of TAp63 gene in bone marrow mononuclear cells derived from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients has been rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression and significance of TAp63 gene in bone marrow mononuclear cells of adult ALL. METHODS: A total of 50 cases of ALL, including 32 cases of B-ALL and 18 cases of T-ALL, were enrolled. A total of 27 cases of adults without malignance disease served as control group. A total of 2-4 mL heparin anticoagulant bone marrow was collected. Bone marrow mononuclear cells were isolated using Ficoll liquid. TAp63 expression was examined by semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 49 cases of 50 ALL cases expressed TAp63. The expression of TAp63 in ALL group was significantly higher than in control group (P < 0.05). The expression of TAp63 in B-ALL group was significantly higher than that of T-ALL group (P < 0.05). By sequential observation of TAp63 expression in different stages of ALL in 5 cases, TAp63 mRNA expression in patients who were in de novo and relapsed stages was significantly higher than that in complete remission stage. These results demonstrated that the expression of TAp63 in ALL patients was significantly higher than that of control group, especially in B-ALL. Related Articles | Metrics

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Non-enzymatic nitric oxide induced by ultrasound mediated microbubble destruction Li Peng, Tong Jia-yi, Feng Yi, Yang Fang, Ma Gen-shan, Chen Long, Song Jia-xian 2011, 15 (6):  1079-1082.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.028 Abstract ( 314 )   PDF (772KB) ( 299 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide is one of the most important gas signaling molecule. Nitric oxide could be synthesized without nitric oxide synthetase, non-enzymatic nitric oxide, which might be one of the mechanisms of some biological effects. OBJECTIVE: To observe whether ultrasound mediated microbubbles could enhance the product by non-enzymatic pathway. METHODS: Laevo-arginine (L-Arg) was mixed with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by the concentration rates of 1: 1, 10: 1, 10: 0.1,  1: 10, which were irradiated with ultrasound for 60 seconds (frequency: 1 MHz, output power: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 W/cm2). The optimal concentration of L-Arg and H2O2 and optimal output power of ultrasound were discussed and identified. This study set up four groups, and received respectively ultrasound mediated microbubbles, simple ultrasound and microbubbles. Blank control group did not receive any intervention. Formation amount of nitric oxide was compared among groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In vitro experiment, the optimal concentration ratio of L-Arg and H2O2 was 10: 1, and 1.5 W/cm2 was the optimal ultrasound value. The content of nitric oxide was more in the ultrasound mediated microbubbles group than the simple ultrasound group (P < 0.01). The content of nitric oxide was better in the simple ultrasound group compared with blank control group (P < 0.01). No significant difference in the content of nitric oxide was detected between microbubble and blank control groups. Results suggested that ultrasound mediated microbubbles can enhance non-enzymatic synthesis of nitric oxide. Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in the number of peripheral blood endothelial progenitor cells and intracranial aneurysm formation Xu Yong, Zhang Jian-ning 2011, 15 (6):  1083-1087.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.029 Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (673KB) ( 346 )   Save BACKGROUND: The endothelial dysfunction is a trigger in cerebral aneurysm formation. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in repair of the damaged endothelium. OBJECTIVE: To establish rat models of cerebral aneurysm, and to explore changes in the number of EPCs and significance in rats with aneurysm. METHODS: A total of 40 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in the normal group were left intact. Cerebral aneurysm was induced by ligating the left common carotid artery and posterior branches of the bilateral renal arteries in the model group. After the surgery, the rats were fed a high-salt diet containing 8% sodium chloride. Changes in EPCs of rats were measured at 2 weeks, 1, 2, 3 months. The systemic blood pressure and the size of aneurysm were evaluated at 3 months in each group. Gene expression of willis circle was detected using RT-PCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: EPCs number was significantly decreased in the model group (41±7) at 2 weeks, and there were significant differences between model and normal groups (P < 0.05). The decrease could be detectable at 3 months (P < 0.01). Matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression was significantly greater in the aneurysm wall of rats from the model group compared with normal group (P < 0.01). The endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression was significantly lower in the model group compared with the normal group (P< 0.05). Results suggested that the decrease in the number of circulating EPCs may be a key factor for aneurysm formation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research focus and clinical significance of hepatocarcinoma stem cells Teng Da-hong, Zheng Hong 2011, 15 (6):  1090-1093.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.031 Abstract ( 376 )   PDF (527KB) ( 391 )   Save BACKGROUND: It remains unclear whether hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) processes cancer stem cells. Some specific cell markers were found, but required further verification. The effects of signal conduction regulation in the process of occurrence, development, transfer and recurrence of HCC are a key topic in present research. However, chemotherapy and radiotherapy against properties of HCC also need further attention. OBJECTIVE: To review hepatocarcinoma stem cell source, stem cell marker, signal conduction regulation, therapeutic resistence principle and corresponding therapeutic strategy. METHODS: The key words were “cancer stem cells, hepatocellular carcinoma, markers, therapy”. We retrieved PubMed database for articles on hepatocarcinoma stem cell marker, molecular regulation and treatment published from January 1996 to January 2010. Vip Database and Tsinghua Tongfang Full Text Database were searched using the same key words for articles published from January 1996 to January 2010. Finally, 30 articles were included in accordance with inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Studies have suggested that there is cell subpopulation with cancer stem cell properties. Its source is multiple and associates with tumor metastasis. At present, hepatocarcinoma stem cell markers such as OV6, AFP, c-kit, EpCAM and CD90 play important roles in identifying and screening stem cells. Studies indicated that cancer related signaling pathways, such as the Wnt, Shh, Notch and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, play an important role in the regulation of hepatocarcinoma stem cells. For drug resistant properties of stem cells, molecular target therapy, differentiation therapy and antibody therapy are used for treating hepatoma and obtain primary curative effect, but these require further investigation. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of aplastic anemia  Li Qiang, Li Wei-jia, Huang Ying 2011, 15 (6):  1094-1097.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.032 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (568KB) ( 515 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation remains a choice in children and youth with severe aplastic anemia, but the source of donor is limited, with high cost. Moreover, chronic graft versus host disease in 5%-15% patients affected their curative effects and quality of life. Therefore, we should explore the pathway of treatment to elevate curative effects and relieve adverse reactions. Mesenchymal stem cells can be easily isolated and with stable proliferative ability, can satisfy clinical requirements. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the progress and immune characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and its application in the study of aplastic anemia. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted by the first author in PubMed Database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) in June 2010 and CNKI Database (http://www.cnki.net) from 1995 to 2010 for articles concerning the progress and immune characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and its application in the study of aplastic anemia. The key words were “mesenchymal stem cells, aplastic anemia, anemia”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We collected 119 literatures on mesenchymal stem cells and aplastic anemia, which included 85 Chinese articles and 34 English articles. Articles published earlier, repeated, and similar studies were excluded, and finally 30 literatures were included. At present, aplastic anemia is an acquired failure in blood-producing function of bone marrow. The occurrence and development of aplastic anemia closely related to the injuries of hematopoietic tissue caused by the functional accentuation of T cells. Mesenchymal stem cells have the capability of immune negative accommodation and supporting hematopoiesis, with the properties of transplantation and wide source. Mesenchymal stem cells of patients with aplastic anemia are different from that of normal person in aspects of biology. Mesenchymal stem cells can provide new ideas and methods for the study of pathogenesy and treatment of aplastic anaemia. Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic effect of bone marrow stromal stem cells differentiating into myocytes and its transplantation applications Wang Yang, Shen Hui-juan, Zhou Min-fen, Zhu Qun-e, Ye Xian-cai, Zeng Xian-zhi 2011, 15 (6):  1098-1102.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.033 Abstract ( 336 )   PDF (593KB) ( 344 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow stromal stem cells (BMSCs) are stem cells with the capacity of differentiating into all kinds of myocytes under suitable condition in vitro, and can improve the allomeric function of cardiac or skeletal muscle after transplantation. How to optimize induction and differentiation method to improve transplantation path and the mechanism of tissue function after transplantation has been a hot research spot. OBJECTIVE: To review researches on inducing BMSCs to differentiate into myocytes and transplanting it to treat myocytes necrotic desease including myocardial infarction and muscular atrophy during recent years. METHODS: Taking “bone marrow cell, muscle cell” in English as search terms, Pubmed database from 2005 to 2010 was retrieved; Taking “bone marrow stromal stem cells, myocytes” in Chinese as search terms, CNKI database from 2007 to 2010 was retrieved; Taking “bone marrow stromal stem cells, myocytes, differentiation, cardiac” in Chinese as search terms, Wanfang database from 2007 to 2010 was retrieved. A total of 220 literatures addressing peripheral blood stem cells were collected, including 61 Chinese articles and 159 English articles. Published early, repetitive, and similar researches were excluded. Totally 21 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BMSCs can be proliferated in vitro, but its specific surface markers have not been identified definitely. So it remains difficulties to obtain fully purified BMSCs. At present, only STRO-1 is one of stromal stem cells’ specific surface antigens, and can be used in identifying and isolating the stromal stem cells in bone marrow. Many studies show that BMSCs can be induced to differentiate into all kinds of tissue cells, including cadiocytes and skeletal muscle cells, through revulsive in vitro and transplantation in vivo. Meanwhile, the improvement of muscular tissue function can be observed after transplantation, but its mechanism remains uncertain. In addition, although the results of differentiation of BMSCs with a variety of induction methods is positive, and transplantation in vivo also shows the potential of necrotic muscle tissue function is improved, the level of induction in vitro is still low, and the function improvement after transplantation in vivo is also limited. Therefore, It is necessary to do further researches on how to improve induction methods to enhance transplantation efficiency and the function improvement. Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress in the clinical treatment based on breast cancer stem cells Ren Yuan, Li Ze-gui 2011, 15 (6):  1103-1106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.034 Abstract ( 463 )   PDF (508KB) ( 305 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tumor stem cell plays an important role in the occurrence, development, metastasis and recurrence of tumor. However, due to conventional treatment cannot eliminate breast cancer stem cells, breast cancer stem cells have been assumed to be the origin of treatment failure in breast cancer. OBJECTIVE:To clarify the biological characteristics of breast cancer stem cells and the curative effects of targeted therapy for breast cancer by some drugs targeting, and then provides some advice for developing treatment strategies that may improve survival rate of breast cancer patients. METHODS: The articles related to the maker of breast cancer stem cells and identification, new drug for the targeting treatment of breast cancer stem cell from PubMed database between January 2000 and August 2010 were retrieved by the computer with the key words of “breast cancer, cancer stem cells, therapy” in English. Literatures were limited to English language. The literatures included clinical research, basic research, and reviews. A total of 204 literatures were obtained from the computer screen, repetitive researches were excluded, and 33 documents of them were involved for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Breast cancer stem cells are the first identified cancer stem cells in solid tumor. Breast cancer stem cells have been isolated successfully by many kinds of strategies, and biological characteristics are gradually studied deeply. Self-renewal and differentiation of breast cancer stem cells are regulated by microenvironment and many signaling pathways. Targeted therapy of breast cancer stem cells is gradually becoming the focus of tumor targeted therapy study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of stem cells transplantation for the treatment of chronic renal disease Zhou Jing, Pan Xing-hua, Pang Rong-qing, Cai Xue-min 2011, 15 (6):  1107-1110.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.035 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (596KB) ( 459 )   Save BACKGROUND: The incidence of chronic renal disease was an increasing trend year by year; the traditional hemodialysis and allograft renal transplantation are is still the only treatment option. With the development of stem cell-based regenerative medicine research, it is possible to find the ideal treatment of chronic renal disease from the perspective of stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To review action mechanism and the possibility of clinical application in the treatment of chronic renal disease from different sources of stem cells. METHODS: Articles addressing stem cells for the treatment of chronic renal disease were retrieved by computer in CNKI database and PubMed database from January 2006 to December 2009 with the key words of “embryonic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, chronic kidney disease” in Chinese or “embryonic stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, chronic kidney disease” in English in the title and abstract. The articles which contents are related to stem cell for the treatment of chronic renal disease were selected. The articles which published in recently literatures or the authoritative magazines were selected in the same field. A total of 128 literatures were obtained from the computer screen, and 30 documents of them were involved for summarization according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Multiple sources of stem cells have the potential to differentiate to renal histiocyte. A large numbers of experimental studies have shown that stem cells transplantation on acute kidney injury repair has a positive effect. At the same time, studies for the treatment of renal fibrotic diseases and end stage renal disease have reported. Through the description of characteristics of stem cells and related mechanisms of stem cells for the treatment of renal disease, We hope there will be a new approach to the treatment of chronic renal disease. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of induced pluripotent stem cells in regenerative medicine Liu Yu-kai, Luo Hu, Li Ze-gui 2011, 15 (6):  1111-1114.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.036 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (546KB) ( 316 )   Save BACKGROUND: Traditional transplantation of organs and cells would induce immunologic rejection and have some problems such as ethics and shortage of donor. Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells have self-renewal ability and differentiational potential as embryonic stem cells, and have genetic materials identical to patients, which avoids immunologic rejection. Thus, its application is broad. OBJECTIVE: To review the current research about the progress of iPS cells in regenerative medicine. METHODS: The PubMed database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed) was retrieved by computer to search the correlative documents published between 1997 and 2010 with the key words of “induced pluripotent stem cell, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, cardiovascular” in English. Totally 322 papers were primarily gotten. Finally, 30 papers were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Patient-specific iPS cell is induced from the patients themselves, so that it has the same genetic material and reduces the possibility of immunologic rejection. It also avoids the ethics problem. Thus, iPS cells have very large potential and broad prospect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Statins effects on endothelial progenitor cells Ma Jun, Jiang Meng, He Ben 2011, 15 (6):  1115-1118.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.037 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (569KB) ( 334 )   Save BACKGROUND: As the statins are widely used as clinical lipid-lowering drugs, and their different dosages and treatment periods may have short and long-term effects on endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). OBJECTIVE: To summarize the investigative situation and progression about the effects of statins on EPCs. METHODS: We used the databases of China National Knowledge Infrastructure and Pubmed (1995-01/2009-11) to search relevant articles about EPCs and statins. “Endothelial progenitor cells”, “statins” were taken as key words and then selected some relevant articles. Articles in the same field published recently or in authoritative journals were included. There were 843 articles after the initial survey. Then 19 articles involving statins and EPCs were selected according to inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Statins have multiple effects on EPCs. In the short-term treatment with the low dosage of statins, statins show the protective effects on EPCs against cardiovascular disease, enhancing the function of all aspects of EPCs. The result of the long-term treatment with high-dosage of statins decreases the number of EPCs and inhibites angiogenesis, which reveals the research value for inhibiting tumor angiogenesis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of endothelial progenitor cells and oxidative stress  Chen Shu-chun, Song Guang-yao 2011, 15 (6):  1119-1122.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.038 Abstract ( 404 )   PDF (553KB) ( 428 )   Save BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), known as the precursor cells of mature endothelial cells, is a type of stem/progenitor cells in peripheral blood. Recently, the relationship of EPCs to oxidative stress has become a hotspot in research area. OBJECTIVE: To review the new publications on the relationship between EPCs and oxidative stress. METHODS: The articles on EPCs and oxidative stress were searched through CNKI and Pubmed database published from January 1997 to May 2010. The key words were “endothelial progenitor cells, oxidative stress” that were searched in titles and abstracts. The articles concerning endothelial progenitor cells and oxidative stress were selected. In the same field, articles published recently or in authoritative journals were selected. A total of 212 articles were selected through the first search, and finally 34 papers were reviewed by the inclusion criterion. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: EPCs were closely associated with oxidative stress. The anti-oxidative stress capability of EPCs was better than that in mature endothelial cells. However, with the chronic oxidative stress, the apoptosis is promoted by the decreased expression of antioxidase and increased expression of oxidase, which impairs the function and decreases the quantities of EPCs. Therefore, oxidative stress is one of factors leading to the changes in the quantity and function of EPCs. The intervention of statins, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor/receptor antagonist and peroxisome activator may release the oxidative stress in EPCs and protect the function of EPCs. Related Articles | Metrics

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Simulation of stem cell microenvironment in vitro Qiu Yun, Zheng Qing, Xiao Shu-dong, Wang Zheng 2011, 15 (6):  1123-1126.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.039 Abstract ( 350 )   PDF (563KB) ( 385 )   Save BACKGROUND: Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an important component of the cellular niche in a tissue, supplying critical biochemical and physical signals to sustain cellular functions. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of in vitro simulation of bone marrow stem cell microenvironment, and to introduce reconstruction of ECM in vitro. METHODS: The database of Pubmed (1999-01/2010-10) and Embase (1999-01/2010-10) was utilized to search the related articles about stem cell microenvironment. Key words were “mesenchymal stem cells, extracellular matrix, niche, growth factor modulation, culture in vitro”. There were 321 articles after the initial survey. A total of 23 articles related to stem cell microenvironment were selected according to inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The established bone marrow-derived ECM culture system retains mesenchymal stem cell properties and may facilitate efforts to purify these cells and to produce a large number of relatively homogenous mesenchymal stem cells. Establishment of a unique scaffold built by 3D synthetic materials coated with tissue-specific ECM proteins and deposited with an appropriate combination of growth factors will facilitate the control of the differentiation direction of mesenchymal stem cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical practice of brain key points for neural network restoration Chen Lin, Xi Hai-tao, Huang Hong-yun, Zhang Feng, Liu Yan-cheng, Chen Di, Jiang Zhao, Wang Qing-miao, Ren Yu-shui 2011, 15 (6):  1127-1131.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.040 Abstract ( 290 )   PDF (718KB) ( 475 )   Save BACKGROUND: Safe and effective target choice of cell transplantation is an important direction for clinical research. Whether the point(s) or region(s) exist in the brain that play an important role in maximizing positive impact on the neural network to play and then repair, which is one of the key topics, must be studied priority by the forerunners. OBJECTIVE: To explore the objectivity, authenticity and practicality of the theory of key point for neural network restoration (KPNNR) related to cell intracranial transplantation by clinical data analysis. METHODS: Between May 2003 and January 2009, a total of 631 patients with central nervous system diseases underwent the olfactory ensheathing cell (OEC) graft into KPNNR. Of them, 609 patients had complete clinical information: 392 males and 217 females. Their age ranged from 1.2 to 84 (mean 42.87±19.64) years and course of disease was from 0.4 to 35 with an average of (5.11±5.46) years. Disease distribution: 432 patients suffered from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, 110 cases of cerebral palsy, 25 cases of multiple sclerosis, 12 cases of ataxia, 7 cases of multiple system atrophy, 6 cases of hereditary spastic paraplegia, 6 cases of persistent vegetable state, 2 cases of dementia, 2 cases of sequela of cerebral anoxia, 2 cases of Parkinsonism plus syndrome, 2 cases of non-specific encephalitis sequelae, 1 case of adrenoleukodystrophy, 1 case of kernicterus sequelae, and 1 case of corticobasal degeneration. The patients came from 75 countries or regions. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The patients were followed up for 2 to 8 weeks, with an average of four weeks, after cell transplantation. Among 609 cases, 526 cases had neurological function improvements at different levels. The overall improvement rate was 86.37%. Of them, the effective rate in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis was 87.96%. The improvement rate in cerebral palsy was 82.7%, especially, 4 patients who accompanied with epilepsy reduced attack significantly. The improvement rate in ataxia was 83.3%. The improvement rate in hereditary spastic paraplegia was 83.3%. Perioperative adverse events occurred at a total of 33 cases, with the occurrence rate of 5.4%, mainly headache, fever and so on, which were cured by symptomatic treatment. Results suggest that the therapeutic method of OEC transplanted into KPNNR is simple, safe, and feasible, which can improve the function of patients with a variety of central nervous system of neurological diseases and/or slow down the progressive deterioration of some degenerative diseases. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of high-dose interleukin-2 adoptive immunotherapy on long-term survival after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for treating malignant lymphoma Liu Hao, Guo Zhi 2011, 15 (6):  1132-1136.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.041 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (736KB) ( 367 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adoptive immunotherapy is a hot focus in tumor immunotherapy. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is a cytokine with multiple kinds of biological activities, and plays an important role in anti-tumor immunity in the body. OBJECTIVE: To assess clinical efficacy of high-dose IL-2 adoptive immunotherapy after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) of malignant lymphoma. METHODS: A total of 30 malignant lymphoma patients treated with high-dose IL-2 after AHSCT (therapy group) were compared with 30 randomly selected malignant lymphoma patients without high-dose IL-2 therapy after AHSCT. T lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of both groups were detected. Changes in their immune function were observed, and all patients were followed up. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was an increase in T lymphocyte subsets CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+ in peripheral blood of the therapy group following AHSCT. The recurrence rate at the end of follow up: 13.3% in therapy group, and 26.7% in control group; median survival time: 14-98 (42±2) months in therapy group, and 8-78 (28±2) months in control group. Results indicated that high-dose IL-2 therapy of malignant lymphoma patients after AHSCT may improve immune function, reduce recurrence rate after transplantation and prolong survival time. Related Articles | Metrics

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Umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for treating hypoglycemic coma in one case Li Ping, Zhou Rui, Yan Xiao-qiong, Yu Yong-fei, Ruan Qing-yuan 2011, 15 (6):  1137-1140.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.06.042 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (693KB) ( 458 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adult stem cells can differentiate into all kinds of cell type. Under special conditions, adult stem cells can differentiate into osteoblasts, chondrocytes, adipocytes, muscle cells and neural cells to replace and to repair damaged tissues and cells, to achieve functional recovery purposes. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells (UCB-MSCs) therapy in hypoglycemic coma combined with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. METHODS: One case of hypoglycemic coma combined with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and pulmonary infection was admitted. This patient received a combined treatment, including anti-free radical, nerve-nurturing, consciousness-regaining, anti-infective therapy, rehabilitation and physiotherapy. At the same time, we also gave him the UCB-MSCs therapy by intravenous infusion. The recovery of consciousness, electroencephalogram, activity of daily living and follow-up results were observed during hospital stay. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: One month later, the patient’s motor and cognitive function recovered better. Electroencephalogram was rechecked. The a wave was observed. The activity of daily living scored 50 points. Seventy days later, follow-up showed that no adverse reaction was detectable, which suggested that stem cell therapy was safe in short period. These indicated that UCB-MSCs for hypoglycemic coma combined with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy are safe and effective. Related Articles | Metrics