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15 October 2011, Volume 15 Issue 42 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Bone defect repair with a new tissue-engineered bone carrying bone morphogenetic protein and transgene myoblasts in rabbits Zhang Li, Wang Wei 2011, 15 (42):  7791-7795.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.001 Abstract ( 251 )   PDF (1708KB) ( 366 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years it has been reported that ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) can inhibit the myogenic differentiation of myoblast in vitro to maintain the dedifferentiated status of myoblasts. Myoblasts transfected with CNTF can be used as seed cells for tissue-engineered bone, which combined with bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) under certain conditions can promote the repair of bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of transfergene myoblasts in combination with BMP to repair radius defects in rabbits through sodium hyaluronate (HA) gel as a carrier. METHODS: At aseptic conditions, about 1.0 cm segmental bone defect was produced in the middle of rabbit radius, which was bridged with a 1.4 cm silica tube. Different inserts were implanted into the tube: myoblasts transfected with CNTF and BMP using the HA gel as a carrier (experimental group); BMP only compounded with the HA gel (control group); only HA gel implant group (blank group). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The animal experiments showed that the results of X-ray test, general observation, and pathohistological observation were better in the experimental group than the control and blank groups, and also better in the control group than the blank group. With GTR membrane as a silicone tube, HA gel compound transgenic myoblasts with BMP are feasible to construct a a new type tissue-engineered bone which has good effect on the repair of radius defects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteogenic ability of heterogeneous biological bone screw Tan Xin-yu, Zhang Ying, Ren Zhi-jian, Huang Gao-chao, Lin Mao-qun 2011, 15 (42):  7796-7800.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.002 Abstract ( 369 )   PDF (1629KB) ( 322 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bovine cortical bone as a heterogeneous cortical bone material has been most widely used, but the immunogenic reactions are serious, which may lead to fixation failure. OBJECTIVE: To observe the outcomes of three different cortical bone screws in vivo as well as the biomechanical properties and immunogenicity responses of different bone screws. METHODS: Bovine cortical bone bio-interference screw, bovine bone nail and sheep bone nail were implanted into the femur of 18 healthy adult goats to observe their biological properties. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Lane histological scores were bovine cortical bone bio-interference screw > sheep bone nail > bovine bone nail (P < 0.01). Biomechanical experiments showed that the initial interface load and interface stiffness had no differences among three different screws (P > 0.05). At 12 weeks, the interface load and stiffness was higher for bovine cortical bone bio-interference screw than the other two screws; at 24 weeks, the interface load and stiffness was bovine cortical bone bio-interference screw > sheep bone nail > bovine bone nail (P < 0.01). It indicated that the initial bio-mechanical properties of bio-interference screw was not less than those of sterilized bovine bone, which could be maintained for a long time; after the bio-interference screw was implanted into the host bone tissue, stronger interference mechanical properties produced. Related Articles | Metrics

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Osteoprotegerin and basic fibroblast growth factor combination enhances the restoration of alveolar bone defects in dogs Cao Yin, He Shi-hai, Chen Qiao-er 2011, 15 (42):  7801-7804.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.003 Abstract ( 355 )   PDF (1309KB) ( 275 )   Save BACKGROUND: A variety of growth factors are effective in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To explore the restoration of alveolar bone defects with recombinant adenovirus encoding osteoprotegerin and basic fibroblast growth factor. METHODS: Class Ⅲ furcation defects were created in the mandibular premolars. The osteoprotegerin and basic fibroblast growth factor combination with adenovirus was covered on the defects in the experimental group, while in the control group only with adenovirus or nothing. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Four weeks after operation, the difference between the experimental group and the control group was indistinctive. Twelve weeks after operation, the new bone filled almost the entire circumference of the furcation in the experimental group, while the quantity of the new bone was less in the control group. Combination of osteoprotegerin and basic fibroblast growth factor could promote alveolar bone regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Repairing rabbit radial bone defects by porous titanium Zhang Hong-fang, Zhao Chao-yong, Fan Hong-song, Zhang Hui, Pei Fu-xing, Wang Guang-lin 2011, 15 (42):  7805-7808.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.004 Abstract ( 256 )   PDF (1658KB) ( 304 )   Save BACKGROUND: Usage of porous titanium in the repair of bone defects in animal models has been reported.  OBJECTIVE: To investigate the therapeutic effects of porous titanium on the recovery of rabbit radial bone defects. METHODS: A total of healthy 21 New Zealand rabbits were artificially made to be bone defect models by resecting the 1 cm substantial ossea with periosteum of both radii. The left anterior limbs were implanted porous titanium, while the right anterior limbs were implanted porous hydroxyapatite (HA). RESULTS: ①The gross observation and X-ray results demonstrated that there was a little callus filled in the juncture of materials and autogenous bone both in the left and right anterior limbs 4 weeks after the operation. At 8 and 16 weeks, the materials in the both sides were filled by newly formed bone, and the anastomosis status was good. ②The histology examination showed that mass newly formed bone grew into most pores of both specimens. Along with prolongation of times after operation, the ingrowths of bone cells and effect of bone remodeling in the affected side were nearly as same as the control side at 8 and 16 weeks. The results of histomorphometrical analysis showed that a statistically significant difference was not obtained for % bone area (bone area/gross implant) between the both groups (P > 0.05). ③However, the results of maximum failure load in the affected side were better than those of the control side at 8 and 16 weeks. Osteogenesis can be promoted by porous titanium, which is an appropriate tool to induce the healing of segmental bone defects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Dibutyl phthalate-induced testicular histopathological changes in mice Bai Chen, Zhang Ci, Du Xian-jin, Zhou Xiang-jun, Zhou Yi 2011, 15 (42):  7812-7812.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.005 Abstract ( 327 )   PDF (1349KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: In most studies about the reproduction harm of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), the objects are mostly rats. There are no histological changes in mice as well as clear implantation time. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the testicular histopathological changes of mice induced by DBP, and to find the time point when the changes are greatest. METHODS: Twenty pregnant balb/c mice were randomly divide into 3 groups: 6 in normal control group, 6 in corn oil control group, and 8 in DBP group. From pregnancy 12 days to 21 days, DBP and the corn oil were orally administrated. The histopathological changes were observed in newborn mice at 4-8 weeks after birth to find the greatest change point. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The DBP group presented with obvious physiopathological changes under the electron microscope. DBP could cause abnormal sexual differentiation in male mice, which were seminaferous epithelium thick and testicle dyszoospermia. DBP had the worst effect on the testis of mice at 5-6 weeks after birth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect and safety of orthokeratology made of fluorosilicone acrylate on myopia control  Liu Wei-feng, Zhong Xiang, Shi Xun, Hu Ai-mei 2011, 15 (42):  7813-7816.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.006 Abstract ( 433 )   PDF (1512KB) ( 569 )   Save BACKGROUND: Fluorosilicone acrylate is a perfect plastic material for orthokeratology, and its influence on diopter and physiology of the eye is attracted. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical safety and effects of orthokeratology to control myopia development.   METHODS: The clinical data of 18 patients (35 eyes) wearing orthokeratology contact lens (Ortho-k CL) for 1 year were analyzed  in low-and middle-degree myopia of the teenage, including uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA), diopter, axial length, the number of corneal endothelial cells, intraocular pressure, cornea Q value. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in the UCVA after wearing Ortho-k CL for 1 year to corrected visual acuity before wearing (t=-0.27, P=0.78). Compared to before wearing Ortho-k CL, there was no significant difference in diopter, axial length, the number of corneal endothelial cells, intraocular pressure at 1 year after wearing (t=1.37, P=0.18; t=-0.94, P=0.35; t=-0.52, P=0.6; t=1.00, P=0.32). There was significant difference in cornea Q value (t=-8.03, P=0.00) between before and after wearing Ortho-k CL. Results showed that fluorosilicone acrylate Ortho-k CL is effective and safe to control myopia development with little influence on eye physiology. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biopolymer poly hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate membrane Chen Jian-hong, Tang Qian, Wu Jian, Liang Huan-you 2011, 15 (42):  7817-7821.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.007 Abstract ( 300 )   PDF (442KB) ( 270 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poly hydroxybutyrate-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) has been used to construct bioprosthetic heart valve. It remains unclear whether it can be used as membrane for guided bone regeneration. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the biocompatibility of PHBV membrane and evaluate its efficiency of promoting bone regeneration in vivo. METHODS: Effects of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25% PHBV extract solution on relative growth rate of dog bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were measured by MTT method and cytotoxicity of the biomaterials was evaluated. Bone defects were made on distal bilateral tibias and treated with PHBV membrane; the proximal bilateral tibias undergoing reduction of periosteal flap and were used as control. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The toxicity gradation of PHBV membranes was grade 0-1. That is, they were not toxic to growth and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. New bone regeneration was observed in the defects covered with PHBV membranes at week 2 post-surgery. The defects covered with PHBV membranes were filled with mature bone at week 12 post-surgery. The bone repair in experimental groups was earlier and better than that in control groups. Results demonstrated that PHBV membrane, which has no cytotoxicity to mesenchymal stem cells in a wide range of extract concentration, could be a promising biopolymer membrane for guided bone regeneration. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cytocompatibility of stem cells-derived osteoblasts with porous calcium carbonate ceramics Wei Ren-xiong, Zhang Yi, Tan Jin-hai, Cai Lin, Jin Wei 2011, 15 (42):  7822-7826.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.008 Abstract ( 287 )   PDF (1660KB) ( 341 )   Save BACKGROUND: Foreign studies have confirmed that calcium carbonate ceramics as bone substitute materials has a cytoskeletal role. OBJECTIVE: To study the cytocompatibility of osteoblasts with porous calcium carbonate ceramics as bone tissue engineering scaffold. METHODS: Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) obtained from SD rat bone marrow were in vitro induced and proliferated. After their osteoblast phenotypes were verified, osteoblasts which cultured from BMSCs were seeded onto prepared porous calcium carbonate ceramics (PCCC group) and common hydroxyapatite ceramics (HA group). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Immunological staining results for calcium nodules, Ⅰ collagen and alkaline phosphatase were positive. Adherent osteoblasts were found in the two groups. However, the adherent ability, proliferative ability and osteogenic activity in the PCCC group were stronger than those in the HA group. It indicates that the porous calcium carbonate ceramics has good cytocompatibility with BMSCs-derived osteoblasts. Related Articles | Metrics

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A hydrophilic polyurethane material with good blood compatibility Lu Jin, Zhou Hui-juan, Shi Hui-ting, Qian Yu-feng, He Chun-li, Liang Cun-xia, Li Li 2011, 15 (42):  7827-7830.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.009 Abstract ( 296 )   PDF (1035KB) ( 552 )   Save BACKGROUND: When polyurethane materials are in contact with living organisms, they can cause adverse biological reactions, for example, forming thrombus and inflammation. OBJECTIVE: To improve the hydrophilicity of polyurethane materials through a mixture of hydrophilic soft segments so as to obtain a polyurethane material with better anticoagulant properties. METHODS: Polyurethane films were synthesized with polytetrahydrofuran and polyethylene glycol as mixed soft segments,   4, 4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate as the hard segment, and then in the chain extender 1, 4-butanediol and the catalyst dibutyltin dilaurate conditions to obtain a series of polyurethane materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that hydrophilic and blood compatibility properties of polyurethane films were enhanced, with the increase of the content of polyethylene glycol. Related Articles | Metrics

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Cellular compatibility of a nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen scaffold Liu Peng, Wang Dong, Sun Hai-yu, Liu Liang, Li Shu-wei, He Jin-dong 2011, 15 (42):  7831-7834.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.010 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (1559KB) ( 396 )   Save BACKGROUND: Under the theory of bone-tissue engineering, the biocompatibility of biomaterial scaffolds is evaluated by observing the morphology, proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts on the biomaterials. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of nano-hydroxyapatite/collagen (nHAC) scaffold on the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts. METHODS: The rat osteoblasts were obtained from the cranium of newborn Wistar rats within 24 hours, and primarily cultured using modified collagenase digestion. The cells at passage 3 were co-cultured with nHAC in vitro. At 3, 6 and 9 days of the culture, cell morphology was observed by inverted phase-contrast microscopy. In addition, MTT assay and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity test were used to observe the effects of the material on cell differentiation and proliferation.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteoblasts can adhere, grow, differentiate and proliferate better on nHAC than HA. The composite scaffold nHAC has a good compatibility, indicating that the material has a great potential for application in bone tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Feasibility of silk fibroin proteins used in periodontal tissue engineering Cui Ju-ping, Wang Xin, Zou Jian-ming 2011, 15 (42):  7835-7838.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.011 Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (1472KB) ( 251 )   Save BACKGROUND: Silk fibroin protein is a new type of biomaterial that is beneficial to the adhesion and growth of skin cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and glial cells. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility of the silk fibroin protein as an ideal scaffold material for periodontal tissue engineering. METHODS: Silk fibroin protein composite scaffolds were prepared through a freeze-drying method. The periodontal ligament cells (2×107/L) were collected and seeded on three-dimensional framework of silk fibroin protein (1%, 10%, 50%, 100%). The cell growth and the influences of the silk fibroin protein extracts on cell proliferation and differentiation were observed.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The periodontal ligament cells adhered and proliferated on the three-dimensional framework of silk fibroin protein, the different concentrations of silk fibroin protein extracts had no influences on the cell proliferation and differentiation. Silk fibroin protein can be used as an ideal scaffold material for cell adhesion and growth in periodontal tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Characterization of urokinase chitosan nanoparticles Jin Hai-jiang, Zhang Hao, Zhang Bo-gen, Sun Min-li 2011, 15 (42):  7839-7842.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.012 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: Because urokinase has a short half-life, and has a sustained large dose, resulting in innegligible complications, it is necessary to develop slow-release thrombolytic drugs.   OBJECTIVE: To study the characterization of urokinase chitosan nanoparticles. METHODS: The nanoparticles were prepared via the self-assembly of chitosan and sodium tripolyphosphate. The morphololy was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Particle size was measured with particle size instrument. The encapsulation efficiency was tested by ELISA Reader. Drug loading efficiency was measured by the way of weighing lyophilized powder. Release characteristics of the nanoparticles were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the mass ratio of chitosan, sodium tripolyphosphate, and urokinas was 7:1:1, the solution was stable, the nanoparticle size was small, and drug encapsulation efficiency and loading efficiency were appropriate. When the highest encapsulation efficiency was 94.8%, the drug loading efficiency was 14.5% and mean diameter was 236 nm. TEM displayed that the morphology of nanoparticles was spherical and regular. The nanoparticles had better sustained-release properties, avoided the direct effect of digestive enzymes, and prolonged the half-life of urokinase to maintain a long-term activity in vivo. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fabrication and properties of nano-biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) tubular urethral stents  Wang Xiao-qing, Jiang Feng-ming, Hou Yu-chuan, Wang Chun-xi, Zhang Long, Chen Qi-hui, Zhang Hai-feng, Gao Zhan-tuan, Wang Yan 2011, 15 (42):  7843-7846.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.013 Abstract ( 337 )   PDF (1374KB) ( 426 )   Save BACKGROUND: Poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) can be used as a substitute for urethral tissues. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the feasibility of the fabrication of co-polymer PLGA 80:20 tubular urethral stents by using electrospinning technique and to evaluate the degradable properties of the stents in vitro. METHODS: After synthesizing of PLGA (80:20), the electrospinning technique was used to fabricate the urethral graft. Crosslinking was carried out at a temperature of 4 ℃ using 1% glutaraldehyde for 24 hours. The morphology was investigated by scanning electron microscope. The tensile and anti-compression properties of the stents were tested. The stents were cut into pieces (1 cm in length) which were immersed in the urine to evaluate the degradability. The morphology, residual weight rate and molecular weight were investigated in each observation point. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stents had the nanostructure and the morphology satisfied the demand of a degradable urethral scaffold. The porosity was about 89%, and the pore size was (32±19) µm. The tensile and anti-compression properties had improved after crosslinking by glutaraldehyde. The residual weight rate curve of the stents was close to a straight line, and degraded completely within 10 weeks. The decrease of molecular weight was apparently in the early stage, and the decreasing was slow down in the later stage. The properties of PLGA (80:20) urethral stents fabricated by electrospinning technique and crosslinked by glutaraldehyde can fully satisfy the demand of a degradable urethral graft. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and characteristics of gentamicin sulfate-loaded chitosan nanospheres Li Liang-liang, Wang Li-ming, Xu Yan 2011, 15 (42):  7847-7850.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.014 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (1406KB) ( 505 )   Save BACKGROUND: Gentamicin beads as a local drug delivery system was earlier used for the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis of the local drug delivery system, but due to its degradation and absorption in the body, it cannot be the second out, thus its application is limited. Therefore, domestic and foreign scholars have been working to study absorbable materials loaded with antibiotics device. OBJECTIVE: To formulate the gentamicin sulfate-loaded chitosan nanospheres (GS-CS nanospheres) and to evaluate its performance and to study its releasing behavior and the anti-staph aureus efficacy in vitro. METHODS: The GS-CS nanospheres were prepared by ion cross-linking technique using chitosan as drug carrier and gentamicin sulfate as model drug and sodium tripolyphosphate as crosslinker reagent. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency were estimated. The releasing behavior of the GS-CS nanospheres was studied and the diameter of inhibition zone of the GS-CS nanospheres was measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The nanospheres were spherical with the diameter ranging from 40 nm to 70 nm, the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were estimated to be 31.3% and 15.4%, respectively. In vitro releasing behavior could continue about 14 days; the anti-staph aureus efficacy in vitro could continue about 25 days, the greatest anti-staph aureus efficacy reached at 5 days and then decreased gradually. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomechanical properties of poly-L lactic acid/beta-tricalcium phosphate absorbable materials during degradation in vivo Huang Yong-hui, Li Da-peng, Shen Tie-cheng, Zuo Hua, Tian Jin, Zou Jun 2011, 15 (42):  7851-7854.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.015 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (1336KB) ( 458 )   Save BACKGROUND: The bending strength and elastic modulus of clinical applied metal fixation are 4 and 20 times than that of cortical bone separately. The mechanical properties of the metal cannot change dynamically with bone healing process, so the “stress shielding” emerges and affects the bone healing. Moreover, the metal fixation has to be removed by a second surgery. OBJECTIVE: To test the mechanical properties of poly-L lactic acid/beta-tricalcium phosphate (PLLA/β-TCP) absorbable fixation materials by in vivo degradation and mechanics experiments. METHODS: The PLLA/β-TCP were implanted into the right back subcutaneous tissue of 30 New Zealand white rabbits as the experimental group and the PLLA were implanted into the left back subcutaneous tissue as the control group. The rabbits were sacrificed separately at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 weeks after operation for observation of the mechanical variation of PLLA and PLLA/β-TCP. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bending strength, shear strength and torsional strength of both PLLA and PLLA/β-TCP decreased with time going on during degradation. The bending strength and shear strength of PLLA/β-TCP were significantly greater than those of PLLA at 12, 16, 24 weeks after operation and at 4, 8, 12, 16, 24 weeks after operation, respectively, (P < 0.05). There was no difference in the torsional strength between the two groups (P > 0.05). The PLLA/β-TCP absorbable materials degrade slower than the pure PLLA. The mechanical strength of PLLA/β-TCP can maintain a longer time to meet the cancellous bone fracture fixation and bone healing requires. Related Articles | Metrics

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Corrosion evaluation of NiTi orthodontic wires under simulated human oral environment Wang Qiang, Na Ying, Zhan De-song, Feng Cui-juan, Zhang Yang 2011, 15 (42):  7855-7858.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.016 Abstract ( 391 )   PDF (1587KB) ( 497 )   Save BACKGROUND: Corrosion occurs during dental materials service in oral environment and leads to the release of metal ions. According to the theory of modern metal corrosion, biological effects of metals and alloys depend on the released elements type and content.   OBJECTIVE: To compare the corrosion characteristics of two clinically used NiTi arch wires. METHODS: The microstructure and composition of two wires were studied by optical microscope and EDS. Cyclic polarization and immersion test were carried out to comparatively evaluate the corrosion characteristics of the two orthodontic wires in artificial saliva at 37 ℃.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The microstructure and composition of the two wires are somewhat different. Cyclic polarization reveals that the corrosion potential of A wire is higher while corrosion current lower. Oxide film formed on the surface of A wire is more stable and protective. The corrosion resistance of A wire is better than that of B wire resulted from the difference of microstructure, composition and processing technique. Related Articles | Metrics

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A comparative study of the static friction force between LF bracket and conventional bracket Yin Ming-jing, Hou Lu, Zhang Ling-bo, Xu Shi-qian 2011, 15 (42):  7859-7862.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.017 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (1242KB) ( 387 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with traditional brackets, LF brackets have potential of various friction characteristics because of their different ligating methods. But report about it is insufficient. OBJECTIVE: To study the frictional characteristics of LF bracket when it is sliding along an archwire compared with regular four wings bracket in dry and wet state. METHODS: The surface states of the stainless steel rectangular archwires were observed with scanning electronic microscope in order to determine the drawing direction when they were manufactured. In dry and artificial saliva environment, the friction was measured by XF-Ⅰtesting machine according to the drawing direction. All factors and levels were completely combined according to factorial designs, including environment, bracket, archwire. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the regular four wings brackets, the friction of the LF brackets was lower when the main wings were ligated, but higher when all the six wings were ligated. The friction in wet state was higher than that in dry state (P < 0.05). The friction of stainless steel rectangular archwires was higher than that of stainless steel round archwires (P < 0.05). The results above indicate that different ligating methods of LF brackets may provide different frictions. The method of ligating the main wings of LF bracket can be applied in the process of space closure; and the method of ligating all the wings of LF bracket can be applied in moving teeth to a certain position precisely. Related Articles | Metrics

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A three-dimensional self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffold influences the secretion function of islet cells in vitro Huang Ren-ping, Song Chun, Zhang Zeng-ling, Fan Jie-hou, Shi Yu-bo, Song Chun-fang 2011, 15 (42):  7863-7867.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.018 Abstract ( 354 )   PDF (1500KB) ( 401 )   Save BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffold can simulate the in vivo microenvironment and provide the structural model for cells, which promotes the right composition of extracellular matrix and cell growth, as well as improve the cell functions. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of three-dimensional self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffold on the secretion function of islets in vitro. METHODS: We co-cultured the three-dimensional nanofiber hydrogel scaffold and islet cells from adult Wistar rats. The AO-PI fluorescent staining was used to detect the viability and survival rates of islet cells; radioimmunoassay to determine the secretion function of islet cells; the scanning electron microscopy to observe three-dimensional growth condition of islet cells encapsulated in the self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffold. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The purity of the islet cells in the peptide scaffold was > 80%. The survival rates and secretion function of the islet cells in the three-dimensional nanofiber scaffold were significantly higher than those in the two-dimensional culture environment (P < 0.05). By the scanning electron microscopy, it was observed that the self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffold formed a nano-scale folium with a geometric form and the islet cells encapsulated in this scaffold were in three-dimensional growth. The results demonstrated that the three-dimensional self-assembling peptide nanofiber hydrogel scaffold provides a favorable microenvironment for the islet cells to grow in vitro and also can improve the viability, the secretion function and morphology, as well as prolong the survival time of islet cells in vitro. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of polylactic/poly glycolic acid microspheres modified by collagen type I on the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Yu Zheng-rong, Li Chun-de, Shi Xu-dong, Liu Xian-yi, Sun Hao-lin, Yang Xin, Zhu Tian-yue 2011, 15 (42):  7868-7872.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.019 Abstract ( 352 )   PDF (1412KB) ( 410 )   Save BACKGROUND: To meet with the need of terminal cells’ ossification function in bone tissue engineering, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells need to be induced with DMEM in vitro or with techniques such as gene transfection in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the adhesion and osteogenic differentiation capacity of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on polylactic/poly glycolic acid (PLGA) microspheres stents modified by Collagen type I. METHODS: PLGA microspheres stents were prepared, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and purified from female SD rats. The third passage bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cocultured with untreated PLGA microspheres or those modified by collagen type I for 14 days. Cell adhesion and growth on different stents were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Scanning electronic microscope and FDA-PI staining showed bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could grow on PLGA microspheres stents. Compared with those on untreated PLGA microspheres, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were more prone to proliferate on and adhesive to PLGA microspheres modified with collagen type I. PLGA microspheres modified with collagen type I help the adhesion and proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, and have a certain ability to induce the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Related Articles | Metrics

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Influence of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 loaded microspheres combined with fibrin glue on the proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow stromal cells Yao Qi, Zhang Li-hai, Huang Peng, Cui Geng, Tang Pei-fu 2011, 15 (42):  7873-7876.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.020 Abstract ( 244 )   PDF (1183KB) ( 301 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been proved that poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) microsphere/fibrin glue (FS) has satisfactory slow-release effect as recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) carrier. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the influence of injectable BMP release system by combining rhBMP-2/PLGA microsphere with FS on the proliferation and differentiation of canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). METHODS: The rhBMP-2/PLGA microsphere was prepared using W/O/W solvent evaporation methods. rhBMP-2 loaded PLGA microsphere were incorporated in FS to establish injectable BMP release system. The influence of injectable BMP release system on BMSCs proliferation and differentiation were investigated by histochemistry method and cell culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Inhibition of BMSCs proliferation did not occur in response to in vitro culture with the rhBMP-2/PLGA microsphere/FS composite, but the differentiation of BMSCs was increased. rhBMP-2/PLGA microsphere/FS composite has satisfactory effect on improving in vitro osteogenic potential of BMSC as a good carrier of BMP. Related Articles | Metrics

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Fabrication and characterization of chitosan/mesoporous bioactive glasses porous films Jia Tian-bao, Chen Jian-yong, Feng Xin-xing, Chang Jiang 2011, 15 (42):  7877-7880.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.021 Abstract ( 374 )   PDF (1230KB) ( 631 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan (CS) and mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBG) have some good properties, such as biocompatibility and hemostasis, but the hemostatic effect of CS is limited and it is inconvenient to use the MBG directly. OBJECTIVE: To prepare CS/MBG porous films METHODS: CS and MBG porous film was prepared through a freeze drying process. The prepared porous films were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. In addition, water adsorption, swelling ratio, the porosity and the mechanical property of the porous films were also studied. RESLUTS AND CONCLUSION: CS/MBG could be blended homogeneously via the lyophilization. The hole of the porous films was relatively uniform. The porous films showed good water adsorption character, which could be modulated by varying the weight ratio of CS and MBG. The prepared porous films had a higher porosity. The composite films can be potentially applied as a wound dressing material. Related Articles | Metrics

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Systematical evaluation for the biocompatibility of biodegradable cerebrovascular stent materials Qu Hao, Li Mei, Yuan Ping, Guo Qin 2011, 15 (42):  7881-7884.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.022 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (1541KB) ( 485 )   Save BACKGROUND: To select and develop cerebrovascular stent materials with a good biocompatibility is currently a hot research OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the biocompatibility of biodegradable cerebrovascular stent materials, and to analyze the safety and prognosis after stent implantation. METHODS: A computer-based online search of EMbase (1980/2011-08), MEDLINE (1966/2011-12), CBM (1978/2011-08) and CNKI were performed for articles about animal experiments and clinical applications focusing on the biocompatibility of biodegradable cerebrovascularr stent materials.  RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Of 24 selected articles, 15 related animal experiments results show that various types of biodegradable cerebrovascularstent with good biocompatibility have favorable effects on preventing vascular thrombosis and restenosis by suppressing endometrial hyperplasia. Nine related clinical experiments results show that biodegradable cerebrovascular stents can decrease the rate of restenosis and improve patients’ prognosis; however, the safety needs long-term studies. Biodegradable cerebrovascular stent materials with good biocompatibility are effective and safe for cerebrovascular diseases. Further studies with long-term follow-up are required to assess the restenosis rates in the intracranial vasculature. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of nano-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds Zhang Jin-peng, Tang Xun 2011, 15 (42):  7887-7891.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.024 Abstract ( 575 )   PDF (1911KB) ( 529 )   Save BACKGROUND: Hydroxyapatite has been widely used as reconstructive and prosthetic material for osseous tissue, owing to its excellent biocompatibility and bioactivity. But, its brittleness is one of the most serious obstacles for its wider applications as load-bearing implants. OBJECTIVE: To review various hydroxyapatite composites and the research progress in this field. METHODS: Articles were searched in PubMed database (1995-01/2010-10) and CNKI Database (1995-01/2010-10) with the keywords of “nano-hydroxyapatite, composites” in English and Chinese, respectively. Repetitive studies and non-relevant studies were excluded. And 33 papers were included in result analsysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With the development of nanotechnology, components of nano-hydroxyapatite composites are optimized. Experimental results have showed their superiority that nano-hydroxyapatite composites could mimic natural bone and extracellular matrix well. Simultaneously, the preparation method needs further optimization, the combination between nano-hydroxyapatite and polymer need to be improved so as that nano-hydroxyapatite composites have the best mechanical property, best processability and best biological property, then meeting the requirements of clinical applications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of inkjet printing to simultaneous printing of biomaterials and cells and tissue engineering Fu Ming-fu, Yang Ying, Chen Wei-cai, Liao Xin-gen, Dai Peng, Zhang Li-chao, Luo Jun 2011, 15 (42):  7892-7895.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.025 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (2212KB) ( 795 )   Save BACKGROUND: Inkjet printing is a non-contact reprographic technique that reproduces image or character onto a substrate using ink drops. OBJECTIVE: To sum and discuss the advances in inkjet printing technology and the application of inkjet printing technology in tissue engineering. METHODS: The first author searched relevant literatures from CNKI (1995/2010) and PubMed (1995/2010). The key words were “inkjet printing, cell printing, biomaterial, cytokine, organ printing” in Chinese or English. Totally 352 articles were retrieved, and finally 35 articles were included in result analysis. This paper summarizes and previews the application of inkjet printing technology in tissue engineering, including cell printing, biomaterials printing, cytokine printing, simultaneous printing of biomaterials and cells. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Inkjet printing technology, which is used to print a variety of cells, can survive and maintain cell biological activity, construct good three-dimensional structure of the three-dimensional hydrogel scaffold by printing hydrogel, and print cytokines and maintain its biological activity; the inkjet printing technology is expected to construct three-dimensional cells-biological bio-mimetic composition through synchronous printing cells and biological materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of collagen/chitosan compound nanofiber membrane in biomedical engineering Yu Pei-jun, Chen Wei 2011, 15 (42):  7897-7901.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.026 Abstract ( 280 )   PDF (2207KB) ( 679 )   Save BACKGROUND: Collagen/chitosan compound nanofiber membrane has become a research hotspot in recent years in respects of excellent mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of collagen/chitosan compound nanofiber membrane in biomedical engineering. METHODS: Literatures related to collogen/chitosan compound nanofiber membrane from PubMed database, Elsevier database and Wanfang database (1993-01/2010-05) were retrieved by computer with the key words of “collagen, chitosan, compound nanofiber membrane, collagen/chitosan compound nanofiber membrane” in Chinese and English According to inclusion criteria, 53 literatures were selected in this study． RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The studies have demonstrated that collagen combined with chitosan crosslinked under different conditions, its compound had some improvement in mechanical properties of single collagen, and collagen/chitosan compound nanofiber membrane could be served as a small cartilage defect repair scaffold. It has been confirmed that collagen/chitosan compound nanofiber membrane has better mechanical properties, tissue cell compatibility and biodegradability. Collagen and defect of chitosan single material, advantages of compound nanofiber membrane and its application on biomedical engineering have been also discussed. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on construction of tissue engineered oral mucosa Hu Li, Liu Jia-rong, Chen Li-li 2011, 15 (42):  7902-7906.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.027 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (1860KB) ( 459 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering of oral mucosa has been developed rapidly in the recent decades, looking forward to overcome increasing requirement of oral mucosa reconstruction and supply shortage. OBJECTIVE: To review the critical process of origin and choice of seed cells, scaffold materials and their advantages or disadvantages, and related growth factors in tissue engineered oral mucosa construction. METHODS: Databases of PubMed and Elsevier were retrieved by the first author to research the papers published 2000-01/2011-12 by using “tissue engineering of oral mucosa, seed cells, scaffold material, growth factor” as keywords. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Several familiar seed cells of oral mucosa tissue engineering have good proliferation or differentiation capacity. Adipose-derived stem cells, which have more advantages compared to other seed cells, can be a kind of ideal seed cells. Multifarious common scaffold materials have their own advantages and disadvantages, and various methods can be applied to improve their properties. Application of some critical cytokines in oral mucosa tissue engineering can promote angiogenesis of implants and accelerate wound healing. Tissue engineering of oral mucosa is a safe and effective repairing method which can solve immunologic rejection and disease transmission of allograft and insufficient supply of autologous oral mucosa graft, and needs to be further researched. Related Articles | Metrics

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Degradable medical films for prevention of epidural adhesion Yang Dong-song, Zhang Shao-kun, Yan Ming, Liu Li-di 2011, 15 (42):  7907-7910.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.028 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (1146KB) ( 493 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are many methods for preventing epidural adhesion. Because of the unique properties, gradable medical films have a good application prospect in the future. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advantages, disadvantages and clinical effects of biodegradable medical films. METHODS: A computer-based online search was performed on PuMed and CNKI databases with key words “Laminectomy, degradable medical films, epidural adhesion” in English and Chinese from January 2001 to January 2011. Repeated literatures were eliminated, and 28 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Biodegradable medical films can prevent epidural adhesion effectively, and their products can be absorbed by human body or discharged with breath and body fluids, which cannot cause harm to human body. Therefore, these films can be the ideal materials for preventing epidural adhesion. The biodegradable medical films are numerous, and experimental results are also different. Because shortcomings of a single kind of medical film, the modified film with two or more films can overcome the shortcomings, and there is a broad prospect in clinical trials in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research advancement and clinical application of bone tissue engineering scaffold materials Liu Shun-zhen, Hou Yu-dong 2011, 15 (42):  7911-7914.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.029 Abstract ( 331 )   PDF (2060KB) ( 697 )   Save BACKGROUND: The key link of bone tissue engineering is scaffold materials, which is essential for cells transplantation and bone growth, so as to act as the substitute of bone excellular matrix. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the development of scaffold materials of bone tissue engineering and to prospect the trend. METHODS: The relative literatures addressing synthetic or natural scaffold materials published between 1995-01-12 and 2011-01 in PubMed database, Wanfang database, CNKI and VIP database were searched by the first author. The search terms were “bone tissue engineering, scaffold material, extracellular matrix, DBM, chitosan, HA, β-TCP” in English and Chinese. The repeated studies were removed according to inclusive criteria, and finally 30 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Scaffold material is the key point of tissue engineering bone which exerts the function as the extracellular matrix, such as providing a proper microenvironment for restoration of tissues and cells, withstanding pressure from surrounding tissues, and temporarily resuming partial function of stress-bearing site, and so on. Currently, synthetic materials and natural materials have their own advantages and disadvantages. Flows of synthetic materials are low cell adhesion rate, only partial degradation, unclear teratogenicity and carcinogenicity; while, antigenicity of natural materials should be lower, and the relationship between mechanical property and control of degradation speed should be more coordinated. Sufficient knowledge about the characteristics of the materials will provide theoretical foundation for searching new methods and new materials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress of graft materials for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction Zhao Xiao-liang, Zhang Ying 2011, 15 (42):  7915-7922.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.030 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (3727KB) ( 572 )   Save BACKGROUND: The effect of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is affected by many factors, including graft choice. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze the graft types, material properties, relevant experiments and clinical application in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed and Wanfang databases (1985/2009) for articles addressing graft materials for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, such as autologous ligaments, ligament allograft, artificial ligaments, tissue engineered ligament, and heterogeneous ligaments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Implants for repairing of anterior cruciate ligament injuries include autologous ligaments, ligament allograft, artificial ligaments, tissue engineered ligament. Furthermore, other materials such as xenografts are underlying testing and feasibility studies. Artificial materials and tissue engineered ligaments are the hotspots in recent years. However, the high-cost and complex process limits the clinical use of these two kinds of implants. With the development of antigen-processing technologies, it is impossible to efficiently eliminate the immunogenicity of heterogeneous tendon/ligament and improve quality of biocompatibility. Xenografts with the good price and rich source are convenient to be obtained and suitable to widespread application in the future. Related Articles | Metrics

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Magnesium alloys act as biomedical implant materials Peng You-lin, Zhou Li-li, Zhou Yan-hong 2011, 15 (42):  7923-7926.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.031 Abstract ( 643 )   PDF (1578KB) ( 1437 )   Save BACKGROUND: Magnesium alloys have good application prospect in the biomedical implant material, especially, in the degradable hard issue implant material areas with prominent superiorities, such as good biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, their high corrosion rate is the key disadvantage desiderated to be improved before their application in clinic. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advantages and disadvantages of magnesium alloys as medical implant materials and to conclude the latest progress of magnesium alloys as biomedical implant materials. METHODS: ScienceDirect and CNKI databases were searched by using the keywords of “magnesium; magnesium calcium alloy; biodegradable; biomaterials” in English and Chinese for relevant articles about magnesium alloys as biomedical implant materials. Finally, 34 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Magnesium calcium and its alloys are one of the development directions of biomedical implant materials; and the rapid solidification technique is a promising method to improve the corrosion property of magnesium alloys; it can get insight into the microscopic mechanisms of magnesium alloys as implant materials with computer simulation methods; in addition, the theory study of magnesium alloys needs to translate to clinical study and impel its clinical application as soon as possible. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical value of biodegradable and metal gastrointestinal stents Yang Li-jian 2011, 15 (42):  7927-7930.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.032 Abstract ( 388 )   PDF (1544KB) ( 421 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the last 20 year, gastrointestinal endoscopic intervention as a new minimally invasive technique is developed as the preferred method for treatment of gastrointestinal stenosis or obstruction. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical values of biodegradable and metal gastrointestinal stents. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI and PubMed was performed for relevant articles published 1993-01/2010-11 using the keywords of “digestive tract, biomaterials, metal stent, composite materials, composite stent”. Repetitive articles or metal-analysis were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Finally, 25 articles were included in result analysis. Endoscopic high-frequency transurethral electrocoagulation, microwave, bougienage have a certain effect on gastrointestinal stenosis, but the effect lasts only for a short time. This treatment need to be repeated. Metal stents are characterized as easy to be implanted, less invasion, few complications and relatively low costs. Biodegradable stents can resolve the problems of recanalization of benign and malignant stenosis and through the malignant stricture and fistula closure, showing an effective expansion and clinical safety in the treatment of digestive diseases. However, material selection, stent design and degradation time regulation require further studies in the clinical application of biodegradable stents. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility and complications of cerebrovascular stents Jin Xiu-fen, Xu Yan-jie 2011, 15 (42):  7931-7934.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.033 Abstract ( 272 )   PDF (1476KB) ( 422 )   Save BACKGROUND: Although stent implanting technology has provided more effective treatments for cerebrovascular diseases, its safety and effectiveness require to be further verified. OBJECTIVE: To explain the biocompatibility between cerebrovascular stents and the hosts, to analyze the cause of stent complications, and to discuss managements. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval of China Academic Journal Fulltext Database and PubMed database between January 1993 and November 2010, with the key words of “cerebrovascular disease, stents, biocompatibility, complications” in Chinese and English. Studies regarding the biocompatibility of cerebrovascular stents and the complications of stent implantation were included, according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles were mainly discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Intracranial stent is a commonly used cerebrovascular stent is clinical application. Because the vascular diameter affects the stent diameter, different diseases require different diameters of the stent. Stent complications include retroperitoneal hematoma, carotid sinus response, hyperperfusion syndrome, cerebral vasospasm and thrombosis. Among a variety of cerebrovascular stents, metal stents have the poor biocompatibility, while polymer stents, coating stents and drug stents have a better stent biocompatibility than metal stents, which can effectively prevent restenosis after stent implantation. Adequate preparation is necessary before implantation, such as the selection of the appropriate stent type, strictly according the indications, careful observation in stent placement, close monitoring and management after implantation, thus preventing complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different intracranial implant materials on brain injury repair Xiong Jie, Jiang Yan 2011, 15 (42):  7935-7938.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.034 Abstract ( 298 )   PDF (1615KB) ( 472 )   Save BACKGROUND: Choice of graft materials for brain injury repair is still controversial, and so far no single material can completely replace the skull in the physical and chemical nature. OBJECTIVE: To conclude the effect and properties evaluation of different intracranial implant materials on brain injury repair. METHODS: A computer based search of CNKI and PubMed (1993-01/2010-11) was performed for relevant articles. The keywords were “traumatic brain injury, compound material, biological material, damage repair” in Chinese and English, respectively. Repetitive articles and Meta analysis were excluded. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Finally, 24 articles were included in result analysis. There are three kinds of repair materials for skull defects: autologous and allogeneic bone graft, non-metallic materials, metal-generation materials. Autologous and allogeneic bone graft is not good at shaping, and there is absorption of immune rejection and necrosis. Titanium mesh materials as an ideal material for cranioplasty can shorten surgical time and reduce the corresponding complications by using three-dimensional digital skull shaping technology, which realize individual configurations to achieve the repair of skull defects. Titanium alloy has good biocompatibility, high strength, not aging, low density, no influence on CT/MRI, electroencephalogram  and other tests; after titanium alloy implantation, fibroblasts may grow into the porous titanium mesh to realize the integration of titanium mesh with surrounding tissues, which significantly reduces the complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Coronary drug-eluting stent and restenosis after implantation Liu Xiao-feng 2011, 15 (42):  7939-7942.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.035 Abstract ( 425 )   PDF (2185KB) ( 480 )   Save BACKGROUND: Recently, the research and clinical application of drug-eluting stents continue to expand, so that coronary stent restenosis rate is significantly reduced, and the drug-eluting stents in the prevention of restenosis compared with bare stents has a unique value. OBJECTIVE: To explain the clinical application of drug-eluting stents, and to explore the stent coating materials, stent types and correlation with restenosis after implantation, and compatibility with the host. METHODS: A computer search of CNKI and Medline was performed using keywords of “coronary stents, metal stents, drug-eluting stents, restenosis”. Meta-analysis or repetitive articles were excluded, and 27 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Drug-eluting stents is indeed a major breakthrough in interventional cardiology, but its long-term effect remains to be seen. Various drug-eluting stents containing different drugs in different concentrations, and their mechanisms are distinct as well as the drug release rates, so clinical effectiveness and safety of drug-eluting stents need the rigorous and extensive clinical studies. Today, stent carrier materials can age, loss, and form small tissues in blood vessels, resulting in late adverse reactions. Biodegradable materials as drug carrier materials are possible to reduce the appearance of late adverse reactions. Therefore, the development of an ideal stent system mainly focuses on low-inflammatory biodegradable polymer materials and efficient drug delivery system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of oral biomaterial titanium alloy implant Zhao Yan 2011, 15 (42):  7943-7946.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.036 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (1860KB) ( 556 )   Save BACKGROUND: Titanium alloy quality was light and density was low. Titanium alloy has the characteristics of anti-electrochemical corrosion, good biocompatibility, low elastic modulus and high intensity, and has been extensively used in stomatology. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the clinical application progress of oral biomaterial titanium alloy implant. METHODS: We retrieved Vip Database for articles concerning oral biomaterial titanium alloy implant published from January 1998 to October 2010. The key words were “titanium alloy, implant, biocompatibility”. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, numerous studies have addressed biocompatibility of titanium alloy implant. Scholars tried to seek ideal surface structure of titanium alloy implant to elevate the osseointegration ability of implant. This plays an important role in formation of osseointegrated interface of implant. Surface treatment of titanium alloy implant exerts a crucial effect on implant successful rate. Different treatment methods have their advantages, but their common characteristic is to form crude surface and to improve biological activity and osseointegration ability. Therefore, to seek a surface treatment method that has various advantages and contributes to osseointegration has been a hot point in the recent study of oral implant. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of biological netting material to reconstruction of female pelvic floor Xie Qiu-qun 2011, 15 (42):  7947-7950.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.037 Abstract ( 346 )   PDF (1775KB) ( 392 )   Save BACKGROUND: Compared with traditional total hysterectomy + anterior/posterior colporrhaphy, netting material for reconstruction of female pelvic floor can better repair defects to realize structural remodeling and tissue substitution. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate application, clinical outcomes, complications and various operation methods of biological netting material in female pelvic floor organ prolapse, and its effect on postoperative complication. METHODS: We retrieved Wanfang Database for articles concerning biological repair plate for pelvic floor dysfunction from 1999 to 2010. The key words were “biological netting, pelvic reconstruction”. Repetitive studies, common review or Meta analysis were excluded, and 30 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The materials for pelvic reconstruction included polypropylene netting and Prolift netting, which obviously strengthened fascia on the pelvic floor after implantation of pelvic floor, reconstructed vagina and bladder fascia, rectum vagina fascia and suspended fundus of vagina, as well as recovered anatomic structure of pelvic floor organs. Moreover, the operation duration was short, and the symptom was rapidly relieved. No severe complications occurred during the operation and follow-up, and we obtained good outcomes. The materials for pelvic reconstruction are various, and the implantation method is also varied. During practical operation, corresponding measures should be obtained according to patient’s condition to reach a satisfactory effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Acute patellar injury and artificial biological materials Gong Hong 2011, 15 (42):  7951-7954.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.038 Abstract ( 393 )   PDF (1418KB) ( 304 )   Save BACKGROUND: Artificial biomaterials can be used for prosthetic replacement, transplantation, reconstruction or regeneration of the patella by using tissue engineering technology to repair severe patella injury. OBJECTIVE: To review the achievement in tissue engineering fixation and bone scaffold materials and to focus on the application of artificial biomaterials in repair of patellar injury. METHODS: A computer search of CNKI and PubMed (1970-01/2011-04) was performed for articles related to repair of patellar injury and biomaterials using the keywords of “patella; materials; treatment” in Chinese and English. Totally 27 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the treatment of patella injury, fixation materials were used firstly; absorbable fixation materials, in particular, showed a clear advantage. A single natural material or synthetic material is difficult to meet the needs of clinical application, composite materials and bionic bone prepared by the appropriate combination of several single materials have obtained good results in clinic. Related Articles | Metrics

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Systematical evaluation for the biocompatibility of biodegradable cardiovascular stent materials Huang Cheng-guo, Yuan Ping, Dong Wei-tao 2011, 15 (42):  7955-7959.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.039 Abstract ( 367 )   PDF (1819KB) ( 350 )   Save BACKGROUND: Restenosis and other complications after coronary stent implantation have attracted more and more attention. OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the biocompatibility of biodegradable cardiovascular stent materials. METHODS: A Computer-based online search of EMbase (1980/2011-08), MEDLINE (1966/2011-12), CBM (1978/2011-08) and CNKI for articles about animal experiments and clinical applications focusing on the biocompatibility of biodegradable cardiovascular stent materials. The included articles were generally analyzed to overall summarize the biocompatibility of biodegradable cardiovascular stent materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: When the vascular endothelialization is complete, timely degradation of biodegradable stents overcomes thrombosis induced by the stent itself as a foreign body and inhibits early thrombosis and late neointimal hyperplasia, indicating that the stents have good biocompatibility and effectively reduce the restenosis incidence. Biodegradable stents can also be localized as a drug delivery carrier, to effectively prevent acute vascular occlusion and reduce the incidence of restenosis after stent implantation. Related Articles | Metrics

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High-strength glass ionomer with atraumatic restorative treatment for prevention of deciduous caries Ren Fei, Liu Jian-ping, Huang Shao-hong, Fan Wei-hua, Chen Xiao-chun, Chen Qing, Li Yan-rong 2011, 15 (42):  7960-7964.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.040 Abstract ( 310 )   PDF (422KB) ( 438 )   Save BACKGROUND: It has been reported that glass ionomer sealants have a poor wear resistance and low rupture strength that are easy to fall off on the occlusal surfaces. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of high-strength glass ionomer via the atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) on the pit and fissure of deciduous teeth in the young children. METHODS: A self-controlled method was used to compare ART glass ionomer-based pit and fissure seal on unilateral molars with resin sealant on the contralateral side in 89 children aged 3 years. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The retention rates of ART glass ionomer sealant after 6 and 18 months were 94.15% and 77.72%, respectively. At 6 months after treatment, ART gliass ionomer sealant was more caducous in mandibular second deciduous molars > mandibular first deciduous molars > maxillary second deciduous molars > maxillary first deciduous molars; at 18 months after treatment, the rank was mandibular second deciduous molars > maxillary second deciduous molars > mandibular first deciduous molars > maxillary first deciduous molars. the second deciduous molar of the lower mandible, but the caducous position of resin sealant was the second deciduous molar of the upper mandible. The caries prevalence rate of the deciduous teeth treated with ART glass ionomer sealant was significantly lower than that without sealant at 6 and 18 months (P < 0.01). These findings indicate that ART glass ionomer pit and fissure sealant is of a lower drop-out rate, easy to operate and of low cost with excellent caries-preventing effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of biodegradable polygmer stents and durable polymer stents in coronary revascularization Sun Ao-yan, Zhang Jing-xuan, Ge Hua, Yu An-shi, Fu Ping 2011, 15 (42):  7965-7968.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.041 Abstract ( 351 )   PDF (1462KB) ( 480 )   Save BACKGROUND: Sirolimus-eluting stent is an effective prevention measure for restenosis after coronary stent implantation. It is unclear whether there is a difference between domestic and imported scaffolds. OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect and safety of biodegradable polygmer stents (EXCEL) made in China and imported durable polymer stents (Cypher) in coronary revascularization. METHODS: A cohort of 259 consecutive patients with coronary arterial disease was registered. The patients were categorized into EXCEL group (n=130) and Cypher group (n=129). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: 256 of 259 patients completed a follow-up visit, and 3 patients lost including 1 in the EXCEL group and 2 in the Cypher group with a lost rate of 1%. There were 2 cases of adverse cardiovascular events in the EXCEL group and 3 in the Cypher group. But there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). No restenosis occurred during the follow-up. It was observed that the survival rate without main adverse cardiovascular events was 98.8% and the incidence of sub-acute thrombosis was 1.56% at 18 months after stent implantation. Both of EXCEL and Cypher stents are safe and reliable in coronary revascularization. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of mini-implant anchorage in orthodontics Chen Ya-gang, Wang Xing, Wu Wen-wen 2011, 15 (42):  7969-7972.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.042 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (1360KB) ( 500 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mini-implant anchorage is widely used in orthodontic field, because it is small, easy to implant, use and remove, reliable in therapeutic effect and low cost. OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical application and effect of mini-implant anchorage in orthodontics. METHODS: The cephalometric analysis was performed in 38 patients to compare overbite, coverage, molar relationship and the degree of anterior adductor before and after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The total number of mini-implants was 106, and all the mini-implant anchorages were successfully implanted except 3 cases required secondary operation with 5 loosen implants and one patient with loss of 2 implants required re-implantation. Mini-implant anchorages make the treatment process simple and acceptable in clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue engineered patch treatment of the urinary leakage after hypospadias repair Yang Wen-zeng, Guo Jing-yang, Zhang Yan-qiao, Ma Tao, Li Yu, An Feng 2011, 15 (42):  7973-7976.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.043 Abstract ( 282 )   PDF (398KB) ( 547 )   Save BACKGROUND: The hypospadias is usually repaired by the autologous tissues by surgery, but there is few local tissues available in patients with urinary leakage after I stage surgical repair, while other tissues require complex operations and induces large injury. OBJECTIVE: To observe the tissue engineered patches in the treatment of hypospadias, and to evaluate the biocompatibility and clinical efficacy. METHODS: Eight patients with urinary leakage after surgery for hypospadias repair underwent tissue patch I stage urethroplasty from January 2009 to October 2010. The curative effect and perioperative histocompatibility were determined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Eight patients were uniformly successful after I stage surgery. One out of the 8 patients appeared mild urinary leakage and well cured by topical fibrin glue. There was no fever, local edema, skin tube and flap necrosis occurred during the postoperative hospital stay. All patients were followed up for 4-6 months, patients were observed to urinate standing, without urinary leakage, refractory prepuce edema and other complications. Related Articles | Metrics

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Repair of acute traumatic soft tissue defects of foot with artificial dermis in 14 cases Wang Hao, Chen Xin 2011, 15 (42):  7977-7980.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2011.42.044 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (1406KB) ( 462 )   Save BACKGROUND: Artificial dermis has a bilayer structure of collagen sponge and silicone layer, which has been developed and successfully applied in clinics. It is commonly used for the repair of defects of skin and soft tissue. OBJECTIVE: To study and appraise the application of artificial dermis in repairing severe defect of skin and soft tissue of foot. METHODS: A total of 14 patients were admitted at the Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital from June 2009 to December 2010, and all cases had skin and soft tissue defects with tendon or bone exposure due to acute trauma. All the patients were performed debridement and artificial dermis transplantation followed by autologous split-thickness skin graft. The survival of artificial dermis and split-thickness skin was observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All cases had good coverage of wounds and recheck outcome showed skin graft healing was excellent and donor sites had no obvious skin scar. The results demonstrated that artificial dermis graft in combination with autologous split-thickness skin graft is effective to repair severe defects of skin and soft tissue of foot with a small injury of donor site. Related Articles | Metrics