Loading...

Table of Content

    09 April 2010, Volume 14 Issue 15 Previous Issue    Next Issue
    For Selected: Toggle Thumbnails
    Establishment and identification of a normal human osteoblast system
    Ma Wen-hui, Zhang Xue-min, Shi Shu-shan, Li Ya-fei
    2010, 14 (15):  2661-2666.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.001
    Abstract ( 258 )   PDF (1915KB) ( 465 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: In vitro research of bone cells were difficult for result analysis due to various factors. The separated bone cells could obtain single cell line. Therefore, the single cell line was used to observe direct effect of various materials or methods and avoid some interfering factors.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate a feasible method to mass-produce, culture, and reserve normal osteoblast of people. 
    METHODS: Diaphysis of extremities from normal fetus aged four months were harvested to digest in collagenase and pancreatin to generate single cell suspensions, the cells and tissue segments were cultured for establishing normal osteoblast system of people. Morphology and histology were observed; type Ⅰ collagen produce was measured using immunohistochemistry; cells were reserved using liquid nitrogen frozen method; cells in good logarithmic growth phase were collected for preparation of genetics-chromosome.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Osteoblast was fusiformed-shaped and had plentiful processes. Nucleus was orbicular-ovate and leaning to lateral side. Soma was large, and plasma was abundant. Alkaline phosphatase staining suggested that a great number of gray-black particles were observed in plasma, and some region was darkly stained. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that levels of alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the plasma were significantly higher than fibroblast; immunohistochemical staining suggested that the type Ⅰ collagen was mainly produced. Chromosome analysis indicated that there were 23 pairs of chromosomes, and abnormal chromosome was not detected, suggesting that the obtained samples were normal human cells which were still normal following various cultures. Fluorochrome-tetracycline staining demonstrated that the cultured cells in this study had the osteogenesis ability. In this study, a normal osteoblast system of people was established and could be reserved with liquid nitrogen for a long time. The cells had stable biological characteristics following both various passages and frozen reservation.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effect of continuous passive motion on histological changes of tendon-bone interface following acute rupture supraspinatus tendon repair in rabbits  
    Li Sen, Jin An-min, Fu Guo-jian, Wang Peng-cheng, Zhang Hui, Min Shao-xiong
    2010, 14 (15):  2667-2670.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.002
    Abstract ( 97 )   PDF (1290KB) ( 443 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Rotator cuff injuries can be treated by many methods, but their mechanisms of repairing are still unclear, especially for tendon-bone injury.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish continuous passive motion (CPM) models following repairing acute rupture of supraspinatus tendon, to observe the effect of CPM on histological changes of tendon-bone, and to explore the role of CPM in the postoperative rehabilitation following acute rotator cuff injury .
    METHODS: Twenty adult male New Zealand white rabbits were selected, 2 of them were randomly sacrificed as controls, and the remained animals were established rabbit rotator cuff injury prosthetic experimental models. Two rabbits were sacrificed as model controls, and others were divided into the CPM (n=8) and non-CPM (n=8) groups. CPM was performed on rabbits in the CPM group at 2 weeks after model preparation. Rabbits in the non-CPM were housed regularly. Two rabbits were sacrificed at weeks 2, 4, 6 and 8 after training, and the gross and histological observation of tendon-bone interface was performed. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the non-CPM group, the CPM group presented serious inflammatory response at 2 weeks, which was obviously decreased at 4 weeks. After 6 weeks, the number of fibroblasts of the CPM group was increased compared with the non-CPM group. After 8 weeks, the organizational structure study showed that fibroblasts in the CPM were greater than that of the non-CPM group, with orderly shape and arrangements. The results demonstrated that CPM can contribute to rabbit supraspinatus tendon-bone repair, so as to promote functional recovery.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effects of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 on mandibular distraction 
    Tian Lu-ming, Wang Zhi-ying
    2010, 14 (15):  2671-2674.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.003
    Abstract ( 114 )   PDF (1317KB) ( 432 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) can induce undifferentiated mesenchymal cells irreversibly differentiated into cartilage and bone, thus, lead to the formation of new bone.
    OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of rhBMP-2 on the mandibular distraction.
    METHODS: A total of 45 Japanese white rabbits were prepared for mandibular distraction models and randomly assigned into control, 1.5 mg rhBMP-2 and 3.0 mg rhBMP-2 groups. Collagen sponge and collagen binding proteins were implanted into mandibles of rabbits, respectively, and distraction 0.4 mm per time, twice per day for 5 days. The mandibles were lengthened    4 mm. All rats were sacrificed at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after operation, and the new generated bone were detected by X-ray and histological examination. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, there were more neonatal bone tissues with maturity in the rhBMP-2 group, especially in the rhBMP-2 3.0 mg group. The results demonstrated that RhBMP-2 appears to be able to accelerate bone formation of mandibular distraction osteogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Changes in G1 phase regulatory protein of osteoblasts in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats 
    Wu Yin-sheng, Lin Yan-ping, Lu Tian-xiang, Lin Yu, Huang Yun-mei, Huang Mei-ya
    2010, 14 (15):  2675-2679.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.004
    Abstract ( 128 )   PDF (1126KB) ( 405 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: G1 phase regulatory protein plays an important role in regulating cell reproductive cycle. However, there are few reports concerning research of G1 phase regulatory protein of osteoblasts, and the relationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis and the G1 phase regulatory protein of osteoblasts have not been explained.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the change of G1 phase regulatory protein of osteoblasts in the ovariectomized osteoporosis rats, and to investigate the pathogenesis of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
    METHODS: Totally 100 6-month-old SD female rats were randomly divided into sham surgery and model groups, with 50 animals in each group. Rats in the model group were performed bilaterally ovariectomy, those in the sham surgery group were subjected to sham surgery. Ten rats of each group were sacrificed at 4,8,12,18 and 24 weeks after operation, respectively. The expression of Cyclin D1, CDK4, and p21 protein in osteoblasts of lumbar vertebra were measured by immunohistochemistry.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cyclin D1 and CDK4-positive expression mainly located at osteoblasts which in the superficies of bone trabecula. There was Cyclin D1 and CDK4 positive expression in the sham surgery group, but was obviously smaller than that of the model group. The location of p21 positive expression was similar to Cyclin D1. Obviously positive expression of p21 appeared in the bone tissue of both groups, in which that of the model group maintained at a high level, and higher than that of the sham surgery group at different periods after operation (P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that Cyclin D1, CDK4 and p21 in osteoblasts were hyper-expressed in the process of osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats. It suggested that faster osteoblast proliferation and inhabited osteoblast cell cycles result in relative insufficiency of osteoblast, thus the bone formation is smaller than bone resorption, eventually, lead to the occurrence of osteoporosis.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effects of adiponectin on steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head in rats
    Huang Jun, Yin Zong-sheng
    2010, 14 (15):  2680-2683.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.005
    Abstract ( 185 )   PDF (1302KB) ( 446 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Animal experiment has demonstrated that adiponectin affected proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The clinical research found that adiponectin has certain correlation to bone density, however, the mechanisms remains poorly understood. 
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of direct injection of recombinant rat adiponectin into the hip joint on steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head in rats.
    METHODS: Sprague Dawley female rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. All rats were established the early steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head models by peritoneal injecting prednisolone acetate except those in the control group, which were received isodose physiological saline. Then, the rats in the low dose group and high dose group were injected with 1 μg or 10 μg of recombinant adiponectin into the right hip, respectively; those in the saline group were injected with isodose physiological saline. The right femoral head of all rats were examined by X-ray at 4 weeks after the injection. The extent of necrosis and repair were observed under a light microscope. Trabecular bone area, empty bone lacuna rate, vascular number were analyzed and the expression of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) of the femoral head was detected by immunohistochemical method.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results of X-ray examination showed that control group and high dose group were normal, bone density of femoral head was uneven and trabecular bone was fuzzy in the saline group and low dose group. Bones of control group were hard, bones of saline group were significantly osteoporosis, bone hardness of low dose group and high dose group were between control group and saline group. Light microscopy showed that trabecular bone, bone lacunae, vascular number of control group were normal, and saline group were significantly abnormal compared with control group (P < 0.01); High dose group was significantly superior to the results of saline group (P < 0.01), the differences between low dose group and saline group were not significant (P > 0.05), the expression of TNF-α in the saline group was higher than the other groups (P < 0.01). The results demonstrated that, direct injection of recombinant rat adiponectin into hip joint can promote the repair of steroid-induced avascular necrosis of femoral head in rats in a dose-dependent correlation. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Bone turnover in complete spinal cord transaction rats: Influence of ultra-early hyperbaric oxygen treatment 
    Tong Min, Wu Xian-ping, Chen Jun, Liu Min
    2010, 14 (15):  2684-2687.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.006
    Abstract ( 143 )   PDF (651KB) ( 450 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment can promote the recovery of incomplete spinal cord injury, and the earlier, the better was.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the influence of ultra-early HBO treatment on bone turnover in complete spinal cord transaction rats.
    METHODS: Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham operation, model and HBO groups. Rats in sham operation group underwent laminectomy, while rats in the other 2 groups underwent complete spinal cord transection at the level of the tenth thoracic vertebra. Rats in HBO group were put in animal oxygen chamber at 3 hours after operation, 222.92 kPa atmosphaera absolutus, oxygen concentration 97%-99%, 10 days as 1 course of treatment, for 3 courses, twice a day in first course, once a day in second and third courses, respectively, with a 6 days’ interval between courses. Model group did not receive HBO treatment. At 6 weeks after model estahblishment, the level of the serum bone alkaline phosphatase (BAP), serum osteocalcin (sOC), serum cross-linked N-telopeptide of collagen type Ⅰ(sNTX) and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The levels of BAP and sOC of HBO group was much higher than that of the model group (P < 0.05). The level of BAP and sOC of the model group was much higher than that of the sham operation group (P < 0.05). The level of sNTX and urine DPD of HBO group was much lower than that of the model group (P < 0.05). The level of sNTX and urine DPD of the model group was much higher than that of the sham operation group (P < 0.05). These suggested that ultra-early HBO treatment affects bone turnover in rats with complete spinal cord injury, contributes to bone formation, and inhibits bone resorption.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    A rolling depression loading device for articular cartilage construction
    Zhang Chun-qiu, Fan Yu-bo, Sun Ming-lin, Wu Han
    2010, 14 (15):  2688-2691.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.007
    Abstract ( 188 )   PDF (509KB) ( 394 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Hynamic mechanical loading devices or bioreactors contain perfusion bioreactor, hydraulic system, and dynamic compression device, shear system, stretching device or the combination of some devices. However, all these devices can not characterize the mechanical state of cartilage, and the function of constructed cartilage is far from natural cartilage.
    OBJECTIVE: A novel loading device for articular engineering construction was firstly proposed, and to analyze the mechanical behavior of chondrocytes under this loading device.
    METHODS: The rolling depression loading device comprised roll controlling system and compression-adjusting system. In roll controlling system, the roller could roll over tissue engineered constructs with uniform velocity via controlling stepper motor and gear. The compressive subsystem could produce uniform, controlled compressions by relatively sliding of two wedge blocks.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under the device, constructs would endure the dynamical compressive deformation and stress deformation. Finite element analysis showed that the rolling depression load provided constructs with complex mechanical conditions, namely, pressure-tensile stress presented alternately on the superficial zone of tissue engineered constructs, -45° to   + 45° periodic changed angles could be found between rolling-direction plane and surface in the mesopelagic zone, and compressive stress presented in the deep layer, which closely to the X,Y, Z-directions. The loading mode of this device is consistent with articular mode, thus, it may benefit the functional construction of engineered cartilage. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Synovium and cartilage gene expression in chronic arthritis versus normal rats
    Zhu Wei-min, Lu Wei, Han Yun, Zhou Ke, Ouyang Kan, Peng Liang-quan, Feng Wen-zhe, Li Hao, He Chun-lei, Wang Da-ping,
    2010, 14 (15):  2692-2695.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.008
    Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (539KB) ( 385 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Primary osteoarthritis (OA) is a multigenic disease. Using cDNA microarray, multigenic detection is performed on one carrier to explore gene expression type of cartilage  and synovium, which provides evidence for related mechanism and gene therapy.
    OBJECTIVE: To compare synovium and cartilage gene expression profile of OA rats and to evaluate the potential OA related discriminating genes and their roles in pathogenesis of OA.

    METHODS: A total of 24 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into model and control groups with 12 animals in each group. Synovial and cartilage tissue were obtained from two groups. Total RNA was extracted from the tissues. cDNA microarray chips were used to identify gene expression profile. Differential expression and clustering analysis were performed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Total gene differential expression in synovial tissue and cartilage of OA showed a high relativity. Among the target and cartilage genes, 82 differentially expressed genes were identified in OA rats, including 27 up-regulated genes and 55 down-regulated genes. Gene microarray technique is effective for screening associated genes, which helps to understand the pathogenesis of OA, and find the new genes associated with inflammation. OA is an immunogenic disorder with many abnormal expression genes. Genes screened from the target can provide important information for further study and genetic treatment of OA.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Role of matrix metalloproteinase-13 in the degenerated lateral meniscus of rabbits with anterior cruciate ligament rupture 
    Li Guo-jun, Li Kang-hua, Zhang Shi-qing, Wang Xiao
    2010, 14 (15):  2696-2700.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.009
    Abstract ( 99 )   PDF (1543KB) ( 339 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Previous studies demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) plays a great role in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture-induced degradation of hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix of knee joint, however, the role of MMP-13 in the degeneration of lateral meniscus is poorly understood.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the changes and significance of the MMP-13 expression in the lateral meniscus of rabbit with ACL rupture.
    METHODS: Lateral meniscus of 48 rabbits was randomly divided into experimental side and control side, and 12 rabbits were randomly selected and sacrificed at 1, 3, 6 and 8 weeks after model preparation. The degeneration of lateral meniscus was scored through gross and haematoxylin-eosin staining, and the expression of MMP-13 was detected using immunohistochemistry.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With time prolonged, the scores of lateral meniscus degeneration were increased in the experimental group than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the positive expression of MMP13 was greater in the experimental group at each time point (P < 0.05). In the experimental group, positive expression of MMP13 was greater at 3 and 6 weeks than that of the 1 and 8 weeks (P < 0.05), which was significantly higher at 8 weeks than 1 week (P < 0.05), however, there was no significant difference between 3 and 6 weeks (P > 0.05). MMP-13 maybe a promotional factor which causes the degeneration of lateral meniscus; the decreasing of the MMP-13 expression is not a stopping signs of lateral meniscus degeneration.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Degeneration of fresh human articular cartilage specimens under different environmental conditions: A histological observation
    Wang Hong, Ma Xin-long, Zhang Yuan
    2010, 14 (15):  2701-2704.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.010
    Abstract ( 149 )   PDF (1186KB) ( 435 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The fresh human cartilage specimens are the best choice for biomechanical experiments, but when the experiment could not be completed in time, what method can save the maximum protection of cartilage samples so that their degeneration to achieve the least impact on the experiment.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe fresh specimens of human articular cartilage in vitro under different circumstances, and to look for the best specimen preservation methods and time.
    METHODS: Fresh human articular cartilage specimens were divided into four groups: normal control group, in order to cartilage fixed with the fixative; air-exposed group, exposed to the air; saline group, the saline soaked gauze package and drip of saline; Lin Grignard solution group, with gauze soaked in Ringer's solution package, drip of Ringer's solution. After treatment for 1, 2, and 3 hours, the specimens were performed with hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson tri-color staining, and Safranin 0 staining.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Staining results showed that following saline or Ringer's droplet injection for 1 hour, no significant changes were found at articular cartilage surface; 3 hours later, rough fibers were observed at surface of cartilage and arranged in disorder, while more cracks were observed. After exposing in the air for 1 hour, rhagades was found at surface of cartilage; 3 hours later, ridge-like appearance was unclear, large cracks were observed, and fibers were exposed resulting in cartilage injury. This suggested that tips to saline or Ringer's solution gauze wrapped fresh human articular cartilage specimens in vitro were effective, and cartilage preserved preferably within 2 hours after exposure in vitro.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effects of erythropoietin on biological characteristics of rat endothelial progenitor cells  
    Wang Dong, Wang Liang, Liu Qing-guo, Wang Xiao-nan, Wei Hui-jie, Zhang Jian-ning
    2010, 14 (15):  2705-2808.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.011
    Abstract ( 125 )   PDF (1001KB) ( 391 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is the progenitor cells of endothelial cells, which participated in angiogenesis. Some researches demonstrate that recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) can mobilize EPCs from bone marrow, and have a beneficial effect on recovery of injury tissue.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of rhEPO on the function of rats EPCs.
    METHODS: Bone marrow was obtained from both femurs and tibials of Wistar rats, and mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation, followed by cultured and treated with several does of rhEPO (0, 4, 8 U/mL). At 7 days after culture, EPCs were identified by FITC-UEA-1 and Dil-Ac-LDL co-staining. Meanwhile, EPCs were marked by CD133 and CD34, identified by flow cytometry; additionally, the functions of EPCs were evaluated using adhesion test, migration assay and proliferation experiment.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 7 days after culture, the cell morphology changed completely, and formed a tube-like structure, which presented typical cobblestone appearance after cell conjugation. The fluorescence staining showed that the EPCs were positive to both FITC-UEA-1 and Dil-Ac-LDL co-staining. The CD133 and CD34 cells were combined to EPCs by flow cytometry. Finally, the adhesion test, migration assay and proliferation experiment demonstrated that rhEPO could improve adhesion, migration and proliferative capacities in a dose-dependent manner. The results demonstrated that rhEPO can significantly enhance the functions of EPCs in dose-dependent manner at 0-8 U/mL concentration.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Rapamycin eye drops inhibit rat corneal neovascularization: Role of vascular endothelial growth factor and inflammatory factor
    Zhong Yan-yan, Zhang Hai-feng, Lu Xiao-he
    2010, 14 (15):  2709-2713.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.012
    Abstract ( 238 )   PDF (1464KB) ( 493 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Systemic administration of rapamycin has been demonstrated to inhibit graft neovascularization following corneal transplantation. However, the effect of rapamycin eye drops remains unknown.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inflammatory factor during the inhibition of rapamycin eye drops on corneal neovascularization.
    METHODS: Corneal neovascularization in the left eye was induced by suture method, and the 12 SD rats were randomly assigned to normal saline and rapamycin groups. Drugs were delivered, 1 drop each, 4 times daily since 1 day after operation. Rat corneas were checked by slit lamp microscope daily. The length of corneal neovascularization was measured at days 3, 7, and 14 to calculate the area of corneal neovascularization. The expression of VEGF and interleukin-2 receptor α (IL-2Rα) was detected by immunohistochemical techniques at 14 days.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Corneal neovascularization area of normal saline group was significantly greater than rapamycin group at each time point (P=0), indicating that rapamycin eye drop inhibited corneal neovascularization following suture. Compared with normal saline group, the expression of VEGF and IL-2Rα was significantly decreased in corneal epithelia, stroma, corneal neovascular endothelium and epithelium at the suture site, as well as inflammatory cells of rapamycin group. Moreover, the inflammatory cell infiltrate was reduced in the pathological sections of rapamycin group. Results show that rapamycin eye drops inhibit corneal neovascularization, possibly by reducing the expression of VEGF and IL-2Rα.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-2 in suture-induced corneal neovascularization in rats
    Zhang Jing, Lu Xiao-he, Zhang Yan, Li Xiang, Zhong Yan-yan, Zhang Hai-feng
    2010, 14 (15):  2714-2717.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.013
    Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (1076KB) ( 517 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Studies has demonstrated that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) may play an important role in corneal neovascularization (CNV), but their mechanisms and interactions remain unclear.  
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expressions of COX-2 and MMP-2 in suture-induced CNV, and to analyze the interaction between COX-2 and MMP-2, additionally, to explore the mechanisms of CNV. 
    METHODS: The models of CNV were induced by corneal stitch. The development of CNV was monitored daily under slit-lamp microscope. The expressions of COX-2 and MMP-2 and levels of COX-2 and MMP-2 mRNA in CNV were detected by immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at days 1, 4, 7, 14 and 21 after operation, and their correlations were analyzed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: New vessels appeared near corneal limbus and grew towards into transparent cornea at 3-4 days after stitching. The stitch sites were edematous. The neovascular thrived and edema increased at 7 days. The neovascular reached to stitch sites at 14 days, and then vascular net formed. Then vessels gradually became thinner at 21 days. Immunochemistry and RT-PCR demonstrated: the positive expressions of COX-2 and MMP-2 in CNV localized in inflammatory cells and endothelial cells of neovascularization progressed gradually after stitching, and involved the entire cornea at the 7 day post-treatment. After 7 days the expression decreased following the decrease of inflammatory cells. The expression of COX-2 was correlative with MMP-2 positively (r=0.981, P < 0.05). All results demonstrated that in inflammation-associated corneal angiogenesis, expression of COX-2 and MMP-2 progressed and closely related to the angiogenesis.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Eftects and mechanisms of spironolactone on corneal neovascularization after corneal alkali burn in rats   
    Guo Zuo-feng, Pang Dong-bo, Shan Wei
    2010, 14 (15):  2718-2721.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.014
    Abstract ( 180 )   PDF (1125KB) ( 368 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Spironolactone is an aldosterone antagonist, which was confirmed to possess inhibition effect on the angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo.
    OBJECTIVE: To verify the effect of spironolactone on corneal neovascularization (CRNV) of the rats induced by alkali burns.
    METHODS: Corneal models induced by alkali burn were established on 36 SD rats, which were random divided into the experimental group (treated orally with SL 100mg/kg once a day) and control group (treated with the same volume of normal saline). Additional 6 rats were served as normal control group without treatment. The length and area of CRNV in each group were examined by microscope at days 4, 7 and 14 after operation. Six rats of each group were killed and the expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in cornea were detected with immunohistochemistry and computer image analysis system.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Corneal neovascularization and inflammatory cells were not be found in the normal corneal, and there was a little expression of VEGF in the normal corneal epithelium and stroma but not detected the expression of MMP-2. Compared with control group, the area of blood vessels was significant smaller and the expression of VEGF and MMP-2 were significant lower (P < 0.05) at different observing times. Spironolactone can inhibit the occurrence of CRNV by down regulating the expression of VEGF and MMP-2.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Xianling Gubao prevents lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in ovariectomized rats
    Li Zhen, Zhang Liu, Mu Shu-lin, Li Qiang, Cheng Tan, Tian Fa-ming
    2010, 14 (15):  2722-2726.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.015
    Abstract ( 131 )   PDF (1775KB) ( 617 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Xianling Gubao (XLGB) mainly contains icariin, buguzhi, duanxu and so on, and it has been widely used to treat osteoprosis in clinic.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of XLGB on lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (LVD) in the ovariectomized (OVX) rats.
    METHODS: Thirty 3-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. Bilateral OVX + XLGB group was treated with an intragastric perfusion of 250 mg/(kg•d) XLGB, once a day, for 12 successive weeks. Ovary was exposed but not ovariectomized in the sham-surgery group. Bilateral OVX + saline group was treated with an equal volume of saline. All the rats were sacrificed after 3 months postsurgery. Double labeling was performed with subcutaneous injections of tetracylcin 10 days and of calcein 4 days before sacrifice. Bone histomorphometric analysis was applied to the L2 lumbar spines in all rats. L4-5 lumbar spines and intervertebral disc sections were stained by collagen VG staining and immunostained for MMP-13 expression. The pathological changes of intervertebral discs were observed and degree of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration (LVD) was scored by a histological scoring system.
    RESULTS:  ① Bone histomorphometric analysis: Spine bone mass in the OVX+ saline group was significantly lower than that in sham-surgery and OVX+XLGB groups (P < 0.05). ② Histological scoring: Rats in OVX+ saline group had significantly higher scores than those in sham-surgery and OVX+XLGB group (P < 0.05).③ Immunostaining: MMP-13 expression in the OVX+ saline group was significantly higher than that in sham-surgery and OVX+XLGB groups (P < 0.05). XLGB could prevent lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration in the OVX rats, probably from maintaining bone mass and microarchitecture of vertebral body and inhibiting endplate calcifaction thereby improving the biomechanical environment and nutrition supply of intervertebral disc, as well as counteracting extracellular matrix degradation by down-regulation of MMP-13 expression.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effects of quercetin on ovarian follicular development and ovarian life span in rats 
    Zhuang Xiao-lan, Fu Yu-cai, Xu Jin-jie, Kong Xiao-xia, Chen Zhen-guo, Luo Li-li
    2010, 14 (15):  2727-2730.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.016
    Abstract ( 118 )   PDF (1363KB) ( 520 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Research demonstrated that some phytoestrogens can change the reproductive system development and may affect the age of reproductive senescence ultimately. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid, which possess weak estrogen effect, however, there is limited evidence that quercetin may has effect on ovarian follicular development or ovarian consenescence.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of quercetin on ovarian follicular development and ovarian life span in rats. 
    METHOD: A total of 30 SD rats were caged together with male and female ratio of 2:1, and the neonatal female rates were divided into three groups. ①Intragastric perfusion group, pregnant rats were intragastric administrated quercetin (40 mg/kg.d) on day 10.5 after pregnancy till delivery, and the female rats with 1 d, 2 d and 4 d were selected; ②Intraperitoneal injection group, female neonatal rats were intraperitoneally injected with quercetin within 12 hours after birth, once per day, and 2 d and 4 d female rats were selected; ③Blank control group, 2 d and 4 d female rats were selected without intervention. The ovarian development of rats was observed. Additional 22 female rats were divided into the experimental and control groups according to the number table method. Rats in the experimental group were gastrogavage administered 40 mg/kg quercetin once per day for 4 consecutive months, and rats in the control group were fed with normal saline of same volume instead. Early aged rats were killed after completing administration, uerus and ovaries were weighed to calculate their coefficients and ovarian morphology were observed; In addition, vaginal smears were used to observe estrous cycles patterns.  
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The percentage of unassembled follicles was decreased and primordial follicles increased in the 1/2-day-old rat’s ovaries of intragastric administration group. The rats oestrus cycles were became irregular before intragastric administration, which exhibited similar oestrus cycles in the experimental and control groups after medication. At month 4 after intragastric administration, the ovaries of rats in the experimental group comprised atretic follicle, primordial follicle, developed follicles, as well as atretic follicles and corpus luteum, and the number was greater than that of the control group (P < 0.05), however, the coefficients of ovarian and uterine and increased body mass had no significant difference between the experimental and control groups. The results demonstrated that quercetin may promote ovarian follicular development and maturity, but no effect on the ovarian life span.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Interventional effects of tonifying kidney recipes on matrix metalloproteinase-13 expression in osteoarthritic cartilage
    Huang Jie-wen, Liu Hong-jiang, Zhang Bai-dang
    2010, 14 (15):  2731-2734.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.017
    Abstract ( 124 )   PDF (662KB) ( 493 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Research has demonstrated that matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) gene expression alone can result in degenerative change in joint and develop into osteoarthritis (OA). The treatment on OA of traditional Chinese medicine may be related to decreasing or inhibiting the expression of MMP-13.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate pathologic MMP-13 expression during the incidence of OA and the intervention effects by traditional Chinese medicine.
    METHODS: Eighteen female SD rats were randomly divided into three groups: blank control group, model group and herbs group (OA group treated with traditional Chinese medicine). The right anterior curciate ligament and medial collateral ligament was exposed and sectioned, and the SD rats’ knee joint osteoarthritis model was set up. Rats in the herbs group were treated with tonifying kidney recipes at 4 weeks post-operation for 3 successive months. Total MMP-13 mRNA expression in normal and osteoarthritic cartilage was measured by real-time quantitative PCR at 8, 12 and 16 weeks post-operation.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: No obvious MMP-13 mRNA expression was found in normal rats’ knee joint; MMP-13 mRNA expression in OA joint cartilage was found and increased gradually with time prolonged (P < 0.05). In SD rats treated with tonifying kidney recipes, MMP-13 mRNA expression in joint cartilage was decreased gradually (P < 0.05). Accordingly, obvious high MMP-13 expression may appear during the incidence of OA; Traditional Chinese medicine may change the MMP-13 expression by activating or inhibiting upstream MMP-13 signal. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Determination of gastrodin level in serum containing formula for calming the liver and suppressing yang and investigation of drug serum effects on vascular smooth muscle cell avtivity in rats
    Li Xiang-ping, Luo Yan-hong, Zhong Guang-wei, Yin Tao, Xiang Ling-li, Li Wei, Chen Guo-lin
    2010, 14 (15):  2735-2739.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.018 
    Abstract ( 205 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The formula for calming the liver and suppressing yang is a Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation composed complex chemical constituents, thus, it is difficult to determine its serum levels. However, as a principal drug for this formula, the level of gastrodin is easy to measure.   
    OBJECTIVE: With a method of serum-pharmacology, to explore the prepare method of serum containing formula for calming the liver and suppressing yang, and to observe its effects on the activity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in rats. 
    METHODS: Rats were given 1g formula for calming the liver and suppressing yang extract at 8: 00 and 16:00 continuous for 3 days or 7 days, respectively. Then additional 2 g drugs were administrated at 8:00 in the next days of 3 or 7 days. The blood was taken from heart at prior to and 0.5, 1, 2, 3 and 5 hours after the last administration. Gastrodin levels in these serums were determined by high performance liquid chromatogram. Subsequently, inactivated serum containing formulae for calming the liver and suppressing yang with different concentrations was used to culture VSMCs, and the inhibitory rates of drug serum on VSMCs activity were observed at 24 hours after culture using MTT assay. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Concentration of gastrodin reached the highest level at 1 hour after last administration of formulae for calming the liver and suppressing yang in the 3-day administration or 7-day administration groups. However, the gastrodin level was rapidly decreased in the 3-day administration group, which maintained for a long time in the 7-day administration group. A linearity was obtained over the concentration of 0.045-5.6 mg/L, r=0.999 2. The average recovery was 93.88% with relative standard deviation (RSD)within day=1.86%. Serum containing each herbal medicine could inhibit VSMCs activity at different concentrations. The greatest growth inhibitory ratio of VSMCs was obtained using 5.0% concentration serum containing Chinese herbal medicine (P < 0.01), and compared with the 3-day administration group, the VSMCs of the 7-day group exhibited remarkable growth inhibition ratio (P < 0.01). Accordingly, the optimal time for blood collecting is at 1 hour after a 7-day successive administration. The serum containing formula for calming the liver and suppressing yang can inhibit the growth of VSMCs.

    References | Related Articles | Metrics
    Effects of melanocortin-3 receptor gene A167T on the body weight trait of Beagle dogs 
    Du Peng, Ba Cai-feng, Zhou Yan-bin, Zhang Yi-bo, Song Hui-juan
    2010, 14 (15):  2740-2743.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.019
    Abstract ( 158 )   PDF (661KB) ( 519 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) gene mutation is an important factor in weight gain.
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship between MC3R gene mutations and body weight traits in Beagle dogs.
    METHODS: The blood samples were taken from 112 Beagle dogs, and their body weights were recorded, then their genomic DNA was extracted. The A167T site of MC3R gene was detected by the methods of AS-PCR, and mutant-type MC3R gene was sequenced. The relationships between MC3R genotypes distribution and body weight were observed.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The A167T site of Beagle canine MC3R gene was found with two alleles A and T and three genotypes AA, AT and TT. Statistical analysis showed that the base substitution of T167A had significant influence on canine body weight (P < 0.05). It suggested that MC3R gene mutation can lead to a significant increase in canine body weight, which can be used as a candidate gene for body weight labeling.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Role of local biomechanical factors in pathogenesis of L5/S1 disc herniation
    Dong Zhen-hui, Wang De-chun, Li Meng-zhen
    2010, 14 (15):  2744-2747.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.020
    Abstract ( 73 )   PDF (537KB) ( 739 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The relationship between biomechanical factors and low back pain has been extensively studied in recent years, but mostly focus on unitary biomechanics characters and low back pain. There are few studies with regard to partial biomechanical factors and L5/S1 disc herniation.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of biomechanical factors in pathogenesis of L5/S1 disc herniation. 
    METHODS: Totally 124 cases were included in the study. All cases were divided into the disc herniation group and control groups, with 62 cases in each group. The disc herniation group consisted of L5/S1 herniation patients received treatment at the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Oingdao University, and the healthy examination cases were served as controls. The indicator included relative depth of lumbar 5 vertebra, lumbosacral transitional vertebra, relative height of L5/S1 disc, lumbosacral angle, sacral horizon angle and sacral Inclination angle. The difference of the indicators between the two groups was analyzed statistically. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The relative depth of L5 vertebra of the disc heniation group was significantly higher than the control group (P < 0.01), and the number of lumbosacral transitional vertebra of disc heniation group was significantly fewer than the control group (P < 0.01), which indicated that the deep-seated lumbar 5 vertebra and lumbosacral transitional vertebra might protect L5/S1 disc and reduce the incidence of L5/S1 disc herniation. Lumbosacral angle and sacral horizon angle of disc herniation group were significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.01), but there was no significant statistical sense in the difference of sacral inclination angle between the two groups (P > 0.05), and there was no significant statistical sense in the difference of relative height of L5/S1 disc (P > 0.05), which indicated the roles of relative height of L5/S1 disc, lumbosacral angle, sacral horizon angle and sacral inclination angle in L5/S1 disc herniation still need further study.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    A spiral CT imaging study of the effects of gongli and tennis exercises on the structure of carpal bones  
    Jia Su-su, Zhang Jie, Liu Hong-yu, Chen Yan-hui, Zhao Qiong
    2010, 14 (15):  2748-2751.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.021
    Abstract ( 117 )   PDF (563KB) ( 671 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Different exercises exert varying mechanical load on body, which have diversity effects on bone mineral density.
    OBJECTIVE: To study the structure differences of the forced carpal bones in the two sports wushu gongli and tennis by use of a spiral CT.
    METHODS: Eight male wushu athletes and 7 tennis athletes were selected. The carpal bones of the wushu and tennis athletes were scanned by the spiral CT. and the two-dimensional images were filtered, screening reduced, enlarged, enhanced, and splited, then the gray and area of pisiform and triquetrum were measured.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The gray scale of coronal, horizontal and sagittal sections of the pisiform in wushu athletes were greater than that of tennis athletes (P < 0.05), with smaller areas (P < 0.05). There was no significant gray scale difference of three sections of the triquetrum between two groups, while the area in wushu athletes was less than that in tennis athletes (P < 0.01). The experiment showed that there were some structure differences of the carpal bones between gongli and tennis sports. The bone mineral density of some parts of the carpal in gongli was greater than that in tennis, but the area was reduced in gongli.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Losartan decreases denervated skeletal muscle atrophy through nuclear factor-kappaB / muscle RING finger protein 1  
    Wang Le, Liang Bing-sheng, Li Wen-bin, Zhang Lei, Han Li-jun, Wu Qi-ping
    2010, 14 (15):  2752-2755.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.022 
    Abstract ( 111 )   PDF (548KB) ( 382 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)/ muscle RING finger protein1 (MuRF1) pathway is one of the most important molecular mechanisms in skeletal muscle atrophy. Inhibiting of NF-κB / MuRF1 pathway improves denervated skeletal muscle strength, maintains muscle mass, and promotes regeneration.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression of NF-κB and MuRF1 in denervated skeletal muscle atrophy in rats and the effect of losartan on NF-κB / MuRF1 pathway.
    METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups. The denervated and Losartan groups were subjected to establishment of denervated gastrocnemius models followed by normal saline perfusion or losartan 10 mg/kg per day. The control group was not treated. After 2, 14 and 28 days, levels of NF-κB and MuRF1 mRNA and protein in the gastrocnemius were detected respectively by RT-PCR and Western bloting. The ratio of muscle wet weight was also analyzed for comparison.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Expressions of NF-κB and MuRF1 mRNA and protein in denervated skeletal muscle were up-regulated at 2, 14, and 28 days following denervation (P < 0.05). Moreover, NF-κB expression of positively correlated with MuRF1 expression (P < 0.05). At 14 and 28 days after denervation, the losartan group had a greater ratio of muscle wet weight compared with denervated group (P < 0.05). The expression of NF-κB and MuRF1 mRNA and protein in losartan group remarkably reduced compared with denervated group (P < 0.05) at each time point. At the early stage of denervated skeletal muscle atrophy, expression of NF-κB and MuRF1 was up-regulated, suggesting the presence of NF-κB / MuRF1 pathway. Results show that losartan can decrease denervated skeletal muscle atrophy through NF-κB/MuRF1 pathway.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effects of in vitro pressure stimulation to fascia tissue of zusanli (ST36) on synthesis and release of fibroblast matrix metalloproteinase-1, matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1, prostaglandin E2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 
    Chen Bo, Cui Jin, Xie Xi-mei, Li Jia-lin, Li Xiao-yu
    2010, 14 (15):  2756-2760.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.023
    Abstract ( 222 )   PDF (632KB) ( 551 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Fibroblasts in acupoint ascia tissues are major forces during acupuncture and massage therapy, and the regulation of cell biological behavior is closely associated with treatment efficiency.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of in vitro pressure stimulation to zusanli (ST36) fascia on synthesis and release of fibroblast matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), matrix metalloproteinase inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1), prostaglandin E2 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1).
    METHODS: Fascia fibroblasts of zusanli (ST36) were cultured in vitro and randomly divided into the control and pressure groups. Cells in the pressure group were stimulated by 50 kPa initial pressure for 2 hours, with an 8-hour interval for 6 times. There were no pressures in the control group. The extracellular medium changes of MMP-1, TIMP-1, prostaglandin E2 and IGF-1 was detected, and the range MMP-1 and TIMP-1 ratio (MMP-1/TIMP-1) was calculated.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After pressure stimulation on zusanli (ST36) fascia fibroblasts, the MMP-1, TIMP-1 and prostaglandin E2 levels were increased in culture medium (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), MMP-1/TIMP-1 increased (P < 0.05), and the difference of IGF-1 had no statistically significance. The results demonstrated that, pressure stimulation on acupoints fascia fibroblasts has a positive regulation of MMP-1, TIMP-1 synthesis, as well as the improvement of MMP-1/TIMP-1. Maybe it is the mechanical cellular biological principle of acupoints acupuncture therapy of sujingtongmai.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Isolation, primary culture and identification of type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells from mice  
    Zheng Jin-xu, Huang Zhen-jie, Tang Yan, Ding Ming
    2010, 14 (15):  2761-2764.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.024
    Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (1841KB) ( 1312 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Type Ⅱ alveolar epithelial cells (AECⅡ) play an important role in lung development and regulation of lung function. It is closely related with the genesis and development of pulmonary fibrosis, lung cancer and so on. In order to make an in vitro study of these diseases, a stable and effective cell model for isolation, primary culture and identification of AECⅡ should be established.
    OBJECTIVE: To develop a reliable method for the isolation, purification, primary culture and identification of AEC Ⅱ from mice, and provide a foundation for the further study of pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer.
    METHODS:  ①The lung tissue of mice was digested with low-concentration trypsin and collagenase Ⅰ. That is, lung tissues of mice were cut into small pieces, digested with trypsin, and terminated the digestion by adding DMEM containing fetal bovine serum. The cells were digested once again using trypsin, and adding collagenase Ⅰ after termination. ②AEC Ⅱ was purified by differential centrifugation and immune adherence for primary culture. The pneumocytes suspension was incubated in IgG culture plate, and liquid containing non-adherent cells were once again cultured in IgG culture plate, then supernatant were abandoned, and the cells were cultured in culture dish and culture plate. The morphology and growth characteristics of primarily cultured AEC Ⅱ were observed by an inverted microscope; the yield, purity and viability of AEC Ⅱ were determined. AEC Ⅱ was identified by immunocytochemical staining surfactant apoprotein A (SP-A) and SP-C, and the specific cell structure was observed under a transmission electron microscope.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: By this method, an amount of (4.8±1.2)×106 AEC Ⅱ were harvested from each mouse with a purity of (85±2.4)% and a viability of (92±2.4)%. Under an inverted microscope, AEC Ⅱ in primary culture showed a shape of round or cube and an island-like growth. The immunocytochemistry showed that the cytoplasm presented buffy SP-A and green SP-C. Typical features of AEC Ⅱ including lamellar bodies and microvilli could be seen under a transmission electron microscope. The results demonstrated that, AECⅡ of great amount and high purity could be obtained by this method, which meets the requirement of a cell model establishing for further in vitro study.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Construction and expression of eukaryotic plasmid pVAX1-spap/P in mammalian cells
    Bai Guo-hui, Liu Jian-guo, Chai Qiao-xue, Qu Yun-peng, Guan Xiao-yan, Han Qi, Yang De-qin
    2010, 14 (15):  2765-2768.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.025
    Abstract ( 145 )   PDF (1202KB) ( 517 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Streptococcus mutans is the main pathogenic bacterium for dental caries. In terms of the gene vaccine's SpaP which mediate Streptococcus mutans non-sucrose dependent adherency, it antagonizes academically Streptococcus mutans, which adheres to dental facing and makes the tooth tissue worse.
    OBJECTIVE: To construct eukanyotic plasmid pVAX1-spap/P of surface protein antigen P of Streptococcus mutans and to evaluate the expression of the plasmid in mammalian cells COS-7.
    METHODS: The eukaryotic plasmid carrying encoding gene of spap/P of Streptococcus mutans was constructed and then analyzed by the restriction enzyme and sequence correctly, the plasmid was introduced into COS-7 cells by lipofectamine reagent. The transient expressed protein was detected by immunochemistry technique in COS-7 cells.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of recombinant plasmid pVAX1-spap/P analyzed by the EcoR Ⅰ and Xba Ⅰrestriction enzyme confirmed carrying spap/P fragment of 1.2 kb. After sequencing, target gene was positively inserted into pre-designed point of the vector spaces. Positive expression was detected in plasma of the cells which were transfected with recombinant plasmid pVAX1-spap/P. The cells which were transfected with pVAX1 were negative. The eukaryotic plasmid pVAX1-spap/P was constructed successfully and target gene spap/P translated and expressed in COS-7 cells after transfecting with recombinant plasmid pVAX1-spap/P.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Interaction between lung fibroblast and lung cancer GLC-82 cells in a three-dimensional collagen culture model
    Yan Jiang-tao, Zhu Yun-Kui, Li Ji-Dong, Ma Guo-cheng, Wang Shu, Wang Xiao-Qin
    2010, 14 (15):  2769-2772.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.026
    Abstract ( 134 )   PDF (1177KB) ( 369 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: The histocyte and inflammatory cells played an important role in the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer cells. However, cell interaction influenced matrix metalloproteinase.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of interaction between fetal lung fibroblasts (HFL) and lung cancer cells on matrix metalloproteinase-1, 2, and 9 (MMP-1, 2, 9) expression in three-dimensional co-culture.
    METHODS: Human lung cancer cells (GLC-82) and HFL were co-cultivated in three-dimensional collagen gels, which were mixed with collagen, 4 time volume DMEM and sterilizing water, as well as 1 time volume DMEM. The final concentration of collagen was 0.75 g/mL. GLC-82 and HFL were cultured individually, and GLC-82 and HFL were then co-cultured according to the ratio of 5:1. After 48 hours, the supernatant was harvested following adding 1 time volume DMEM. MMP-1 expression was detected by Western blot and MMP-2 and 9 expressions were detected by gelatin zymography.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In three-dimensional co-culture of GLC-82 with HFL, the expressions of MMP-1, MMP-2 and MMP-9 were much higher than that in GLC-82 or in HFL alone (P < 0.05). This suggested that the interaction between HFL and lung cancer cells enhanced the invasion and metastasis of lung cancer through up-regulating the secretion and activation of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-9. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    A tracing method for mouse spleen lymphocytes using difference concentrations of CFSE in vivo
    Jiang Ze-sheng, Gao Yi
    2010, 14 (15):  2773-2777.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.027
    Abstract ( 372 )   PDF (1429KB) ( 1497 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Many methods have been used in tracing living cells in vivo, but it remains immature to detect cells using difference concentration of fluorochrome.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish an assay method for detecting mouse spleen lymphocytes traced by difference concentration of carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFSE) in vivo.
    METHODS: Spleen lymphocytes were isolated from C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice and prepared for cell suspension, followed by mixing with difference concentration of CFSE, and then the cell actively was identified by trypan blue staining. The labeled cells were transferred into BALB/c mice. Flow cytometry were performed at different time points to detect the proportion of positive cells.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The CFSE-labeled spleen lymphocytes were highly expressed green fluoresce with a positive labeling rate of 95%. Column diagram showed 2 independent peaks when the concentration of CFSE had 20-fold difference, namely, compared between 0.3 μmol/L and 6 μmol/L. The heterogenic C57BL/6J splenocytes disappeared at 1 day after transfusion, but the syngeneic BALB/c splenocytes could survive for a long time in the peripheral blood of BALB/c mice. The fluorescence intensity was not decreased in two kinds of splenocytes. The results demonstrated that CFSE-labeling with difference concentration is reliable, stable and convenient for spleen lymphocytes tracing in vivo.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Establishment of a highly automated and intelligent experimental system of passive avoidance for mice
    Xue Dan, Chen Shan-guang, Xu Shu-ping, Shi Zhe, Li Hai-qing, Yin Tai-hui, Liu Xin-min, Li Peng-tao
    2010, 14 (15):  2778-2782.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.028
    Abstract ( 159 )   PDF (1550KB) ( 511 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Widely used in cognitive dysfunction research, passive avoidance test was executed time consuming, less information and lack of objectivity in the traditional manner. The development of modern technology such as computer and information engineering is beneficial for inventing new detective methods.
    OBJECTIVE: To establish a highly automated and intelligent experimental system of passive avoidance for studying learning and memory in animal behavior pharmacology.
    METHODS: Image processing and pattern recognition technology was applied to obtain the activity information of mice in both the lit and dark chambers. Normal and cognitive dysfunction mice induced by scopolamine hydrobromide were tested in the passive avoidance test. Meanwhile, the data were compared with those acquired by manual labor.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Automatic control of the experiment could be realized by applying this technology and the indexes obtained by the system were consistent with those acquired by manual labor. Furthermore, besides classical indexes, the acquired new indexes, such as time spent in both the lit and dark chambers, time in the region near door in the lit chamber might be more sensitive than classical indexes. The technology has intellectual property rights and the intelligent experiment system can be widely used in the study of nootropic drugs.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Effects of SV40 immortalized gene transfection on growth characteristics of normal adult hepatocytes
    Cui Xin, Yao Wen-fang, Luo Yun, Gao Yu-hong, Xue Yi-long
    2010, 14 (15):  2787-2789.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.030
    Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (814KB) ( 371 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Bioartificial liver using porcine hepatocytes or hepatoma cells as sources of transplanted material encounter the danger of zoonotic disease or oncogenicity. The normal adult hepatocytes also have some limitations.
    OBJECTIVE: To detect the survival rate, growth curve and cell cycle of normal adult hepatocytes before and after transfection, and to observe the effects of SV40 immortalized gene transfection on growth characteristics of normal adult hepatocyte.
    METHODS: Cultured normal adult hepatocytes and immortalized normal adult hepatocytes were performed placenta blue staining and AO-PI staining. MTT staining was used to count the cell survival rate at days 1-8 after culture. MTT assay was used to measure absorbance value of cells, and to draw cell growth curves. The cell growth cycle was detected by flow cytometry.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The three kinds of staining assay showed that the survival rates of the two kinds of cells were 95%-99%, which had no significant difference. The two normal adult hepatocytes had no obviously difference in growth curves, both of which presented as exponential growth at days 3-5 after culture, but the cells grew faster after transfection. Flow cytometry results demonstrated that: after transfection, 65.64% cells were in the S phase, 34.36% cells in the G0-G1 phase, and no cells in G0 phase; however, S phase cells accounted for 21.27%, G0-G1 phase cells accounted for 62.64%, G2 phase cells accounted for 12.09% before transfection. This suggested that the S-phase cells were markedly increased in hepatocytes after transfection, and the proliferation capacity was enhanced. Compared with normal adult hepatocytes, the SV40 immortalized gene trasfected cells exhibit stronger proliferative activity. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Application of bone morphogenetic protein-2 and fibroblast growth factor-2 in bone tissue engineering 
    Wang Hui, Liu Si-jing, Guo Wei-tao
    2010, 14 (15):  2792-2796.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.032
    Abstract ( 57 )   PDF (2302KB) ( 515 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Bone tissue engineering becomes a research focus since its conception, method, condition and perspective was proposed systematically by Crane GM in 1995.    
    OBJECTIVE: To seek the value of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) in bone tissue engineering research through retrieving the advanced of bone tissue engineering from 1995.
    METHODS: Articles published in CNKI and Pubmed databases were searched by computer with key words of “bone tissue engineering, BMP, FGF, and cytokine”. According to inclusive and exclusive criteria, 36 documents were remained for the further analysis. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Three main objects are applied to bone tissue engineering, including seed cell, cytokine and scaffold. Cytokine is very important in bone tissue engineering, which including bone morphogenetic protein, transforming growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, insulin-like growth factor and platelet-derived growth factor, et al. The bone morphogenetic protein-2 and fibroblast growth factor-2 are widely used in the bone tissue engineering.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Influence of Vibrio vulnificus attack on human umbilical vein endothelial cell line
    Li Yan, Chen Qing, Shen Hong
    2010, 14 (15):  2793-2786.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.029
    Abstract ( 134 )   PDF (1009KB) ( 490 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Mortality of Vibrio vulnificus infection is more than 50% in patients, and a large amount of Vibrio vulnificus intrude into the blood. Vascular endothelial cells are the first barrier to stop Vibrio vulnificus.
    OBJECTIVE: To observe effect of Vibrio vulnificus on proliferation and morphology of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
    METHODS: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells at log growth phase were digested, adjusted at a density of 5×108 cfu/L and incubated with Vibrio vulnificus (104, 105, 106, 107cfu/L). In addition, cells cultured with DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum served as normal control group. Using trypan blue exclusion staining method was used to detect cell survival; MTT method to observe influence of Vibrio vulnificus on cell proliferation; cell area and circumference, nucleus area, ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm, as well as irregular shape index were observed by light microscopy.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: With increasing concentration and duration of Vibrio vulnificus, cell proliferation was gradually weakened. The cell area and circumference, the nucleus area, and the ratio of nucleus and cytoplasm were significantly increased compared with the control group; the irregular shape index was more deviated than the control group. Results show that Vibrio vulnificus significantly inhibits proliferation of cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and the inhibition relates to the concentration and duration of Vibrio vulnificus.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Lineage plasticity and cellular biological characteristics of fibrocartilage and hyaline cartilage in cartilage repair and replacement    
    Chen Yi, Zhu Yun-li, Wu Hai-shan, Fu Pei-liang
    2010, 14 (15):  2797-2800.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.033
    Abstract ( 151 )   PDF (614KB) ( 432 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Cartilage repair is the main target of tissue engineering, which need better understanding of cellular biological characteristics.
    OBJECTIVE: To discuss the sources and culture conditions, especially effective factors, such as cell concentration, cytokine, matrix, as well as oxygen tension in cartilage repair.
    METHODS: Chinese Biomedical Database, CNKI, VIP and PubMed were retrieved by computer using key words of “cartilage injury; cartilage repair” both in Chinese and English. Additionally, related books were manual retrieved. And the literature concerning cartilage sources, culture conditions that promote differentiation, as well as Cellular biological characteristics of cartilage repair were included.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: During repair of defects with debridement, stem cells in bone marrow were exposed, which participated in reparation. Similarly, when adding chondrocytes into defect area, followed by periosteum coverage, the formed cell density could activate the expression of SOX-9. Up to date, the controlling methods of load, chemistry and matrices are still at the starting step. Thus, it is necessary to biological integrate natural materials with artificial tissues to provide a better understanding of cartilage repair in clinic. 

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Significance of endothelial progenitor cells for tissue engineered skin construction  
    Liu Hai-ping, Wang Hong, Dong Xiao-hua, Yang Hua
    2010, 14 (15):  2801-2804.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.034
    Abstract ( 182 )   PDF (618KB) ( 306 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Vascular endothelial progenitor cells can accumulate the vascularization in ischemic region.
    OBJECTIVE: To analyze how to accelerate tissue engineered skin vascularization by endothelial progenitor cells.
    METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in China Academic Journals Database and PubMed with the key words of “endothelial progenitor cell (EPC), tissue engineered skin, vascularization” in both English and Chinese from September 1999 to September 2009. Inclusion criteria: Articles were highly correlated with endothelial progenitor cells and tissue engineered skin development, including biological characteristics, stimulating methods, and mechanism of promoting vascular production of endothelial progenitor cells; current situation of tissue engineered skin; current situation of endothelial progenitor cells for tissue engineered skin construction.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The endothelial progenitor cells belonged to a crowd of cells which specifically homed on vascular cambium, as well as differentiated and proliferated into mature endothelial cells. Nowadays, a lot of animal tests proved that it could accelerate the vascularization in ischemic region by transplanting the in vitro cultured endothelial progenitor cells into the ischemic region. The clinical application would be true when auto-endothelial progenitor cells have been successfully used to treat myocardial infarction. However, the tissue engineered skin was in defect of vessel, which seriously influenced the cell survival of human skin and the functional achievement. Therefore, how to construct artificial skin which was rich in vessels and how to accelerate the human skin substitution vascularization have attracted more attention. It is of significance for endothelial progenitor cells to promote tissue engineered skin vascularization so as to increase the survival rate.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and repair and regeneration of injured nerves
    Chen Bao-guo, Huang Wei-qing
    2010, 14 (15):  2805-2809.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.035
    Abstract ( 150 )   PDF (762KB) ( 1006 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) can promote neuron development and survival, and axon prolongation and modeling. Peripheral nerve regeneration and myelin formation after injury need endogenous BDNF.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize research status of BDNF.
    METHODS: A computer-based online search of CNKI and Pubmed databases was performed for articles published between January 2000 and August 2009 with the key words “nerve regeneration, BDNF” in Chinese and English. Articles with creativity, reliable evidence and close correlation with the content were included. Repetitive and review articles were excluded.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: BDNF boosts myelin formation by binding to high-affinity receptor Trk and low-affinity receptor p75NTR.Compared to nerve growth factor (NGF) synthesized in surrouding target tissues, BDNF is mainly synthesized in central nervous system. However, BDNF mRNA is expressed increasingly following peripheral nerve injury. Various of experiments have demonstrated that normal peripheral Schwann cells can express a little BDNF. Currently, BDNF gene has been mediated through virus, transfected into stem cells, which can be transplanted into injured nerve sites.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Role of ciliary neurotrophic factor on nerve rehabilitation following nerve injury                               
    Zhang Wei, Hong Xiong, Peng Zhong-juan
    2010, 14 (15):  2810-2813.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.036
    Abstract ( 139 )   PDF (627KB) ( 444 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is widely distributed in neuronal system, which has nutritional function.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the position and application prospect of CNTF on neural injury and reparation in China and abroad.
    METHODS: Computer-based online search of Chinese Full Text Databases (website: http://dlib.cnki.net/kns50/index.aspx) and PubMed databases (website: http://www. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/) was performed with key words of “Ciliary neurotrophic factor, Nerve injure” from January 1990 to June 2009. Research concerning research status and development of CNTF was selected, including changes of CNTF following nerve injury; the repair mechanism and protection of CNTF on neurons; regulation on reparative process; the recovery of axoplasmic transport function of axoplasm, as well as the regeneration on injured nerves. The repeated research or Meta analysis was excluded. 
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: CNTF had trophic action and was widely distributed in nervous system. The source of endogenous CNTF was autocrine of Schwann cells, glial cells and neurons. In the repair process of nerve injury, CNTF protected and repaired the injured nerves via various ways, such as regulated related enzyme expression, boost JAK-STAT to promote production of GAP-associated protein GAP and molecular, advance axoplasmic transport and restore, and promote neural restore by enhancing Schwann corpuscular vegetation variation. CNTF plays an important role in the recovery of injured nerves. Studies regarding the effects of CNTF on neural injuries are providing a basis for its clinical application.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Epidemiological research and progress of ankle brachial index
    Yang Zhong-rong, Qin Xian-hui, Wang Yu, Zang Tong-hua, Xu Xi-ping
    2010, 14 (15):  2814-2817.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.037
    Abstract ( 157 )   PDF (620KB) ( 1381 )   Save

    BACKGROUDN: Ankle-brachial index was a simple and effective non-invasive method to diagnose peripheral arterial disease (ankle-brachial index < 0.90). Patients suffering from peripheral arterial disease usually indicated partial vascular symptoms of atherosclerosis and increased cardiovascular events and mortality risks.
    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the epidemiological progress of ankle-brachial index so as to further provide evidences for prevention and control of peripheral arterial disease.
    METHODS: Experimental data were retrieved from Pubmed database. Articles about ankle-brachial index were included, but articles about duplicated research and unrelated articles were excluded. A total of 26 articles were finally included.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Studies have shown that peripheral arterial disease could predict the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular disease. Studies found that the risk factors of peripheral arterial disease included chronic kidney disease, insulin use, proteinuria, MTHFR 677T genotype, age, female, overweight and obesity, hypertension, diabetes history, smoking history, elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and low high-density lipoprotein. It was recommended that the risk factors should be strongly detected in patients with diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Peripheral arterial disease, as a atherosclerosis classic indicator, not only reflects the lower extremity arterial ischemic disease, but also predicts the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease. The use of ankle-brachial index is a good diagnostic indicator of peripheral arterial disease (ankle-brachial index < 0.9). Although the peripheral arterial disease is a good prediction of cardiovascular events and death, it is not often diagnosed and treated. At present, clinical screening of ankle-brachial index in our country has not been universally popularized and promoted. High-risk population for peripheral arterial disease and lower extremity arterial disease should be recommended for routine checks of ankle-brachial index.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Technique progress in establishing an experimental animal model of chronic pulmonary embolism  
    Wang Hai-long, Du Zhen-zong
    2010, 14 (15):  2818-2822.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.038
    Abstract ( 141 )   PDF (638KB) ( 878 )   Save

    OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research of construction of animal models of chronic thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH).
    METHODS: The computer-based search was done in PubMed database from 2006 to 2009, with the key words of model of pulmonary thromboembolism”. Simultaneously, CNKI was retrieved for articles published from 2003 to 2009, with the key words of “pulmonary embolism, experiment”. Moreover, relevant book was retrieved by hand. Inclusion criteria: articles should address CTEPH experimental studies, including CTEPH epidemiology, different experimental animals and various preparation manners. Articles of the same circle published in recent years or in authorized journal. Exclusion criteria: repetitive study; Meta analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Experimental animals for CTEPH model preparation included dog, pig and rat. Many researchers tried to imitate CTEPH mechanism induced by multiple acute pulmonary embolism to establish animal models of CTEPH following deep venous thrombosis. To establish dog CTEPH models mainly contained repetitive autoblood clot injection and ceramics bead input, which could be used in study of thromboembolism pulmonary hypertension and imaging diagnostic technique, composing CTEPH pathophysiological characteristics and digital scissors-shadow tests, anatomy study, pulmonary artery and interventional therapy. In vitro injection embolus was mainly utilized to establish pig CTEPH models, followed by imaging technique to diagnose CTEPH. Repetitive autoblood clot injection and pulmonary artery ligation were employed to establish rat CTEPH models, which could be used for the study of CTEPH pathophysiology and diagnosis. At present, CTEPH study mainly used dog, pig and rat models, with advantages and disadvantages. In precise studies, suitable animals and preparation methods should be selected according to experimental objective and design to obtain an optimal experimental result.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    MtDNA variants, apolipoprotein E gene and longevity in Southern Chinese population
    Feng Jie, Liu Ming, Zhang Jian-yi, Wan Gang, Qi Ke-yan, Zheng Chen-guang, Lü Ze-ping, Hu Cai-you, Yang Ze
    2010, 14 (15):  2823-2827.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.039
    Abstract ( 123 )   PDF (564KB) ( 423 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: MtDNA haplogroup D has been shown to influence longevity trait. However, the effects that mtDNA haplogroup D (and its subhaplogroups) have upon longevity in Southern Chinese population have rarely been reported, and the effect of reaction of mtDNA haplogroup D (and its subhaplogroup) and apolipoprotein E (APOE) gene on longevity remains poorly understood.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between mtDNA haplogroup D (and its subhaplogroup) and longevity in southern Chinese population, and the interaction of mtDNA haplogroup D (and its subhaplogroup) with APOE gene.
    METHODS: A total of 1 038 people were selected from Bama, Guangxi between 2007 and 2008, including 367 long-lived individuals (aged > 90 years) and 671 local and unrelated younger controls (aged 40-60 years). Using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, the distribution of mtDNA haplogroup D and its subhaplogroup (D4, D4a) was tested. The confounding effect of gender and APOE gene was detected by stratification analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant correlation between mtDNA haplogroup D (and its subhaplogroup) and longevity (P > 0.05). Stratification analysis by gender showed no significant difference for frequencies distribution of mtDNA haplogroup D and its subhaplogroup (D4, D4a) between long-lived individuals and controls in women and men (P > 0.05). However, the frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroups D was different between long-lived individuals and controls with APOE ε4 carriers (P < 0.05) through stratification analysis by APOE gene. Results show that mDNA haplogroup D may affect longevity by interacting with APOE gene.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Genetic patterns of familial essential hypertension: A multi-center investigation 
    Li Bai-ni, Chen Wei-qiang, Mao Jian-wen, Chen Hong-mei, Zhang Yong-li, Li Hong-zhi
    2010, 14 (15):  2828-2832.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.040
    Abstract ( 50 )   PDF (710KB) ( 541 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: It has been recognized that the attack of essential hypertension (EHT) is closely correlated with genetic predisposition, and polygenic inheritance is involved in this process. However, due to the first writer clinical practice of hereditary diseases in Guangdong, many hypertension family characteristics are extremely similar to autosomal dominant inheritance.
    OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic patterns of familial EHT for Guangdong Han population.
    METHODS: Using familialanalysis, the “Smith” agonic revise method and multifactorial inheritance tests, the genetic patterns of 24-88-year-old EHT patients with family history in four affiliated hospitals and eight county hospitals in Guangdong region was studied.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In 215 core family of 1326 people in the survey, a total of 914 people were compatriots on both sides (483 males and 431 females), contained 442 patients (230 males and 212 females). The prevalence of relatives was 442/914 = 0.483 6, which was closed to the theoretical value of 0.5 of autosomal dominant inheritance (P > 0.05). The prevalence rate of male was 230/442 = 0.520 4, and the prevalence rate of female was 212/442 = 0.479 6. It was accordance with the inspection by x2fits autosomal dominant inheritance onset of equality of opportunity between men and women of the theoretical assumptions. The genetic hypertension of 211 core pedigree of 215 core families supported autosomal dominant inheritance. By tests for multifactorial inheritance, the observed value of the familial EHT pedigrees in our study was 63.63, closest to the expected value of 65.79 of autosomal dominant, but far from the expectations of 11.47. The multiple genes analysis revealed that the way of familial genetic EHT supported autosomal dominant inheritance and recessive transmission. The results demonstrated that a family EHT genetic patient was early prediction of high-risk population of EHT, which should pay more attention.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Epidemiological investigation of metabolic syndrome in 553 general adults aged 35-74 years from Sangong community of Urumqi
    Zhao Hui, Zhu Jun, Wang Zhi-hong, Zhang Li, Ai Bi-bai, Yiliduosi, Zeng Xiao-yun
    2010, 14 (15):  2833-2837.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.041
    Abstract ( 162 )   PDF (699KB) ( 297 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: Urumqi is a multi-ethnic gathering place, due to high protein, high fat and high calorie dietetic habits, people suffered high risk of metabolic diseases and cardiovascular diseases.
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate estimates of the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its main components in the general adult population at the age of 35-74 years in Sangong community of Urumqi.
    METHODS: Data were gathered from baseline survey of metabolic disease and its co-morbodities in Anzhuang Company, Meiji Factory, and the Third Corporation of Urumqi in 2008. Totally 553 subjects (203 males and 350 females) with complete laboratory data, including plasma glucose, lipid profile, blood pressure, and serum insulin were analyzed in this study. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the definition proposed by International Diabetes Federation in 2005.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The age-standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35.48% in adults aged 35-74 years in Sangong community, which was 33.46% in male and 36.57% in female; The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was increased in male aged over 45 years and in female aged over 55 years, reached a peak in subjects aged 55-64 years. The common manifestation of metabolic syndrome was abdominal obesity + dyslipidemia + impaired glueose regulation, with or without hypertention. The results demonstrated that for adults over 45 years in Sangong community, the prevalence of metablic syndrome and its related diseases is very high, with serious clustering metabolic disorders.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Two-step cluster analysis of physical structure of minority ethnic college students from Guangxi
    Li Qiang, Yang Fang, He Jiang-chuan
    2010, 14 (15):  2838-2841.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.042
    Abstract ( 146 )   PDF (618KB) ( 388 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: It is believed that health factors, nutritional factors and aerobic metabolism are three common factors, which can be integrated to evaluate physical structure. However, the relative studies regarding minority university students in Guangxi are few.
    OBJECTIVE: To analysis the physical characteristics of different groups of the ethnic minority people, which inhabited in Guangxi by ethnic minorities, in addition, to explore the influencing factors on health of university students.
    METHODS: Totally 7 730 ethnic minority college students, recruited in Guangxi University for Nationalities from 2000 to 2008, who come from Guangxi, Yunnan, Sichuan, and Hunan province, including 3 270 boys and 4 460 girls, aged ranged from 18 to 22 years.  The physical shapes, performances, quality of physical condition of the ethnic minority college students in Guangxi were evaluated to investigate classification variables and continuous variables by using two-step Cluster and principal component analysis.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION :  ①Clustering situation of minority college students were divided into 3 categories, there were 832 boys class named strong-type inⅠ, which accounted for 25.4%; Ⅱ category 1353 named thin-type for 41.40%); Ⅲ category 1 085 named weak-type, 33.20%. There were 1 725 girl class named weak-types inⅠ, which accounted for 38.7%; Ⅱ category  1 859 named thin-type for 41.70%; Ⅲ category 876 named strong-type for 19.6%. ②The contribution rate of four main components of the contribution rate are as follows: 46.875%, 24.022%, 9.667%, 8.317%. Respiratory metabolism, physical growth, strength, nutrition, Quenelles index, body index, Avoirdupois/high×100, vital capacities, vital capacity/height, vital capacity/avoirdupois, Rohrer index, of which 7 indicators were selected from the 13 projects of Physical test. ①Two-step cluster analysis showed that “strong-type” and "weak" and “thin-type” 3 kinds of people were classified by various ethnic groups into the best physical types. ②Principal components analysis demonstrated that nutrition, respiratory metabolism, strength, and physical growth are main factors of physical structures in minority students.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Constitution integrative evaluation on 19 560 youths from twelve gathering minorities in Guangxi University for Nationalities: Retrospective factor analysis from 2000 to 2008   
    Shi Rong-qun, Yang Fang, He Jiang-chuan
    2010, 14 (15):  2842-2846.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.043
    Abstract ( 139 )   PDF (565KB) ( 706 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: According to 2008’s Guangxi philosophical and social science “eleventh five-year plan” studying item of “constitution and health developing research on Guangxi gathering minority in remote mountainous areas”, this paper has an integrative evaluation on the twelve gathering minorities in Guangxi from the age of 18 to 22 years, and explores all the affected factors to minority’s constitution.
    OBJECTIVE: By designing factor analysis model and observing the most complicated correlativity among variables, the authors try to find out the potential dominating factor for variables’ change, to explain the practice meaning of common factors and to evaluate constitution health level of the minority with impersonality.
    METHODS: In order to make sure sample’s homogenicity, science and representation, the tested objects’ parents must be minority and the tested minority samples were the Chuang, the Dong , the Yao, the Miao, the Maonan, the Jing, the Shui, the Gelao, the Mulao, the Hui, the Tujia. With the four steps of spot investigation, small sample test for feasibility, large sample normal test and designing index system, the authors tested the constitution of 18 560 minorities. The authors get factor eigenvector, eigenvalue and contribution rate. Then designed initial factor model and factor model after rotation, know about the factor structure of Guangxi gathering minority, and have an integrative evaluation for the group’s health by observing the index of stature, body weight, vital capacity, standing proneness, halt long-jump and step jump.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The minority group’s constitution structures are health factor, nutrition factor and aerobic metabolism factor. Health factor only includes positive number in vital capacity, body anteflexion, standing long jump, but negative number in other three items. They respective contribution to constitution are K1=61.551%, K2=15.264%, K3=9.818%, and the general contribution rate is 86.333%. The best health factor is the Maonan, then the Gelao and the Tujia; the best nutrition factor is the Shui, then the Miao and the Jing; the best aerobic metabolism factor is the Gelao, then the Maonan and the Tujia. Using designing factor analysis model, explaining the practice meaning of common factor, we can evaluate constitution health level of the minority with impersonality.

    Related Articles | Metrics
    Hyaluronic acid content in fetal maxillofacial skin
    Li Xiang-jun, Xiao Tie-peng, Ren Gui-yun, Dong Fu-sheng
    2010, 14 (15):  6847-6850.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.15.044
    Abstract ( 174 )   PDF (253KB) ( 332 )   Save

    BACKGROUND: High level of hyaluronic acid (HA) in extracellular matrix of wounds has been shown to inhibit scar formation and scarless healing has been observed in fetal wounds. However, there is little information regarding HA content in fetal skin.
    OBJECTIVE: To determine HA content in maxillofacial skin, as well as the changing tendency, and compare with other regions of skin. 
    METHODS: The fetal skin of the maxillofacial region, back, belly, and inner part of leg were harvested from 32 aborted fetuses ranging from 3 to 8 months. All the samples were frozen immediately by liquid nitrogen and preserved at -80 ℃. Different month groups were designated according to skin regions. The samples were weighed and cut into pieces, then grinded into tissue homogenate. HA content in supernatant liquid of all the samples was detected using radioimmunoassay.
    RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In 3-8 month-old fetuses, HA content was (303.85±80.28) μg/g in the maxillofacial skin, (308.09±61.17) μg/g in the belly skin, (276.38±58.52) μg/g in the back skin, and (304.27±60.51) μg/g in the leg skin. HA content in the maxillofacial and back skin was higher in 3-5 month-old fetuses than in 6-8 month-old fetuses (P < 0.05). HA content in the leg skin was higher in the 3-6 month-old fetuses than in the 7-8 month-old fetuses (P < 0.05). HA content in all parts of skin was higher in fetuses than in adults. In all parts, there was a decline of HA content in the mid- and late- stages of pregnancy, but the decline time differed.

    Related Articles | Metrics