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16 September 2012, Volume 16 Issue 38 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Repairing articular cartilage defects in the knee of rabbits using type Ⅰ/Ⅲ-collagen- membrane combined with autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells He Dong-dong, Zeng Ling-yuan, Xiang Chuan, Wang Yu-ze, Wang Shi-dong, Duan Wang-ping, Lü Jia, Wang Chun-fang, Wei Xiao-chun 2012, 16 (38):  7031-7036.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.001 Abstract ( 231 )   PDF (624KB) ( 452 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several researches have shown that type Ⅰand type Ⅲ collagens are conducive to the adhesion, proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of repairing articular cartilage defects in the knee of rabbits using autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with the type Ⅰ/Ⅲ-collagen-membrane. METHODS: Totally 24 New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into two groups. A model of full-thickness articular cartilage defects in the bilateral knees with 3.8 mm in diameter and 2 mm in depth was established. The defects filled with the compound of autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells/collagen membrane in 12 rabbits were as the experimental group, while the defects filled with collagen membrane only in another 12 rabbits were as the control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The histological staining for the knee femoral specimens showed that the repair tissues mainly were hyaline-like cartilage at week 8, and close to the normal cartilage at week 12 in the experimental group. However, in the control group, the repair tissues mainly were fibrous tissues at week 8, and fiber-based cartilage was repaired at week 12. At 8 and 12 weeks after implantation, the histological scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.001). These findings suggest that it is a good way for autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells-Ⅰ/Ⅲ-collagen-membrane to repair articular cartilage defects. Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone histological changes after treatment of distal tibial fracture using tricalcium phosphate Li Jian-yong, Yin Xiao-fan, Xu Jun 2012, 16 (38):  7037-7041.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.002 Abstract ( 297 )   PDF (500KB) ( 441 )   Save BACKGROUND: Tricalcium phosphate bone as a kind of graft material has been widely used in clinic, but most studies are in vitro studies, animal models research and clinical analysis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the bone histological changes after the treatment of distal tibial fractures using the porous tricalcium phosphate. METHODS: Patients with distal fibular fracture were treated by open reduction and internal fixation. Part of the patients underwent bone grafting using the tricalcium phosphate, and the degradation of specimens was observed after treatment. The internal fixator was obtained during the second operation after bone healing, and a small amount of bone samples were obtained from the original bone graft area for the second histological observation and comparison of growth of osteocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Bone samples exhibited active proliferating osteoblasts in new bone tissue, differentiated and mature osteocytes with increased density, trabeculae with increased density, and fibrous tissue with capillary proliferation between trabeculae. Bone defects filled with porous tricalcium phosphate has many advantages, such as the well new bone formation, strong cell proliferation ability and good biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of nano hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone compounded with rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Li Jia-feng, Xu Jin-xia, Guan Hai-hong, Cui Qun, Sun Xiu-ying, Chen Li-juan, Han Jian-guo 2012, 16 (38):  7042-7046.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.003 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (557KB) ( 451 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nano hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone with excellent biocompatibility and biological activity is a typical biological compound material. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the feasibility of nano hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone electrospun film as scaffold materials for bone tissue engineering METHODS: First, nano hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone electrospun film was prepared by electrostatic spinning technology. Second, the nano hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone electrospun film was co-cultured in vitro with passage 3 bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of rats. Then, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were induced into osteoblasts by dexamethasone, β-glycerophophate and vitamin C. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nano hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone scaffolds possessed good macro porous structure, and pores were interconnected with each other. ①Inverted microscope observation: After bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and the scaffold were co-cultured for 7 days, cells were mostly fusiform and began to proliferate. After 14 days, cell growth was more vigorous, and the number of cells was increased significantly. Moreover, cells secreted the extracellular matrix and adhered to the scaffold. ②Scanning electron microscope observation: At day 7, a large number of cells grew in scaffold pores, and they had active proliferation capacity. Besides, cells were mostly fusiform, and had good bipolar protrusions. In addition, the cells showed three- dimensional-like growth and secreted the extracellular matrix, as well as fibronectin was produced. These results suggest that the nano hydroxyapatite/polycaprolactone scaffold has good biocompatibility, and it can be used as a good carrier for bone tissue engineering. Related Articles | Metrics

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Development of a nanometer Ag/TiO2 coated bracket and its mechanical properties Zhang Sheng, Mai Li-xiang, Liu Da-lie, Zhang Jin-cai 2012, 16 (38):  7047-7052.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.004 Abstract ( 266 )   PDF (530KB) ( 544 )   Save BACKGROUND: In our prophase study, Ag can be deposited on TiO2 films, which can enhance the antibacterial effect of TiO2 coated films. OBJECTIVE: To develop a nanometer Ag/TiO2 coated bracket and to study its mechanical properties. METHODS: The nanometer Ag/TiO2 coated bracket was prepared using sol-gel method at different annealing temperatures. Scanning electron microscope was used to study the surface morphology of Ag/TiO2 coated bracket. The surface roughness of metal bracket, nanometer TiO2 coated bracket and nanometer Ag/TiO2 coated bracket was measured. The combination intensity of TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 coatings with brackets was measured by scratch test. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Nanometer Ag/TiO2 film was 120 nm in deepness, and it was a nanoparticle film with a thorough tissue structure. Ag particles were visibly deposited on the film surface that was flat, smooth, and highly polished. There were no significant differences among the surface roughness of nanometer TiO2 coated brackets, nanometer Ag/TiO2 coated brackets and brackets used commercially (P > 0. 05). The combination intensities of nanometer TiO2 and Ag/TiO2 coatings with brackets at annealing temperatures of 120, 200 and 300 ℃ were 1.18, 1.16, 1.12 and 1.26 kg, respectively. These findings indicated that nanometer Ag/TiO2 coated bracket was developed successfully and it had good mechanical properties that could meet the clinical demand of orthodontics. Related Articles | Metrics

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Porous coating tantalum rod system for adult avascular necrosis of the femoral head Zhang Hai-ning, Lü Cheng-yu, Wang Ying-zhen, Xu Zong-yao, Zhou Feng 2012, 16 (38):  7053-7056.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.005 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (396KB) ( 382 )   Save BACKGROUND: Porous coating tantalum rod system is a new-type implantation system, which is specialized to treat avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Its good biomechanical characteristics can provide the indispensable support of subchondral bone for the femoral head before collapse. Besides, it has good biocompatibility and can be implanted by minimally invasive method, which has wide application foreground. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect and application value of the porous coating tantalum rod system on adult avascular necrosis of the femoral head. METHODS: Twenty-two adult patients (17 male, 5 female, the average age was 39.5 years old) with avascular necrosis of the femoral head received porous coating tantalum rod system treatment from 2008-05 to 2010-06. In disease stage, three cases were in stage Ⅰ and 19 cases in stage Ⅱ. Seventeen cases underwent unilateral implantation, and five cases received bilateral implantation. The main symptoms were pain in the hip joint and limp before implantation. Average Harris score was 52.5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The average follow-up period was 19.5 months after implantation. All of the incisions were healed at stageⅠ. No infection and loosen complications occurred. The X-ray during the follow-up showed that there were no various collapses and enlargements of the cysts in the femoral head. Pain and limp were alleviated obviously after surgery. Harris score at final follow-up was 87.5, which had significant differences compared with that before implantation. In terms of subjective satisfaction, 17 cases were excellent, three were good and two were fair. The overall excellent and good rate was 91%. These findings suggest that porous coating tantalum rod system for adult avascular necrosis of the femoral head in Ficat stages Ⅰ and Ⅱ can achieve good short-term and mid-term results. Related Articles | Metrics

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Artificial bone combined with bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells for repairing femoral head necrosis in rabbits Zhao Zhen-de 2012, 16 (38):  7057-7062.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.006 Abstract ( 304 )   PDF (621KB) ( 397 )   Save 背景：骨髓间充质干细胞具有自我增殖能力和分化多潜能性，β-磷酸三钙陶瓷人工骨具有良好的细胞亲和力及良好的生物相容性，是治疗股骨头坏死的热点。 目的：观察骨髓间充质干细胞联合β-磷酸三钙对兔股骨头坏死的修复作用。 方法：抽取兔自体骨髓并分离和培养骨髓间充质干细胞，扩增至3代后与β-磷酸三钙复合；24只兔建立双侧股骨头坏死动物模型，48侧股骨头随机分为3组，空白组制作缺损而不填充任何材料；β-磷酸三钙组单纯填充β-磷酸三钙；复合组填充β-磷酸三钙和骨髓间充质干细胞的复合材料。 结果与结论：修复后8周复合组成骨细胞较多，新生骨小梁相互连接成片；β-磷酸三钙组骨量少，部分纤维组织填充；空白组缺损区靠近宿主骨区域可见少许软骨细胞及软骨组织，纤维组织较多。修复后4，8周复合组骨缺损平均阻射密度较β-磷酸三钙组、空白组增高(P < 0.05)；β-磷酸三钙组与空白组相比差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05)。采用Lane-Sandhu法评分标准，4，8周复合组骨小梁面积均高于β-磷酸三钙组及空白组(P < 0.05)。提示骨髓间充质干细胞有较强的成骨作用，有助于股骨头坏死缺损的修复。 Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of high-concentration nano hydroxyapatite sol on Hela cells Bian Tie-rong, Xing Hong-yun, Lu Zheng-xin, Yan Fu-xue, Chen Zhuang, Chen Feng 2012, 16 (38):  7063-7067.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.007 Abstract ( 406 )   PDF (483KB) ( 388 )   Save BACKGROUND: Several literatures have questioned that with the increase of nano hydroxyapatite sol concentration, the capacity of killing tumor cells becomes stronger. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the killing effect of nano hydroxyapatite sol with different concentrations on Hela cells. METHODS: Nano hydroxyapatite sol with the concentrations of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, 320 and 640 μg/mL were synthesized by the chemical precipitation method and added into the Hela cells. The Hela cells added with 5 and 10 mg/L taxol served as controls. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①Nano hydroxyapatite sol with different concentrations had killing effect on Hela cells; as the concentration of nano hydroxyapatite sol increased; the killing effect was gradually improved. But their inhibited effect was not better than that of taxol. ②The killing effect of nano hydroxyapatite sol and the taxol on Hela cells began decreased at day 2, but it increased in the following day. The inhibited effect at day 3 was more obvious than that at day 1, and nano hydroxyapatite sol with various concentrations were all showed this tendency. ③A certain inhibited effect of nano hydroxyapatite sol on Hela cells was found. The proliferation of Hela cells was not significant after given taxol, while Hela cells were found proliferation in various degrees after given nano hydroxyapatite sol. Related Articles | Metrics

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Surface modification and biocompatibility of gold nanorods Yu Jin-mei, Gao Bin, He Ke-wu, Cheng Ji-xin, Bao Le, Huang Yong-cui, Li Jin-song, Ren Zi-jia, Xiao Wei-hua 2012, 16 (38):  7068-7072.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.008 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (467KB) ( 592 )   Save BACKGROUND: The added cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide molecules in the process of the preparation of gold nanorods can promote the formation of rodlike gold nanoparticles, and ensure the dispersion of gold nanorods. However, it can also have certain toxicity. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of surface modified gold nanorods. METHODS: Gold nanorods were synthesized by the method of seed-mediated growth and coated with silica by a modified Stober method. The physical properties including shapes, disperbility and absorption peaks of the silica-coated gold nanorods were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and UV-vis spectrometer respectively. The coated gold nanorods were prepared in solution at different concentrations (60, 45, 30, 15 μmol/L) and then were incubated by liver cancer bel-7402 cell line or stomach cancer MGC-803 cell line. After that, cell proliferation and cytotoxicity grading were detected by the cell counting kit-8 method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The silica-coated gold nanorods had a good dispersivity; its optical properties had not changed, and conserved absorption peaks at 500 nm and 825 nm, respectively. After co-cultured with the gold nanorods, the relative growth rate of liver cancer bel-7402 cell line was between 95% and 100%, while that of stomach cancer MGC-803 cell line was between 99% and 103%. The toxicity grading of the two kinds of cells was level 0 or 1, respectively. In addition, they had no cytotoxicity. These results suggest that the gold nanorods coated with silica have good biocompatibility. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of two different shoulders on the microleakage of porcelain-fused-to-metal crowns Wang Xiao-jing, Tang Wei-zhong 2012, 16 (38):  7073-7077.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.009 Abstract ( 321 )   PDF (470KB) ( 424 )   Save BACKGROUND: Morphology of the shoulder is directly related to the health of patient's abutment and quality of final prosthesis. OBJECTIVE: To observe the microleakage of porcelain-fused-to-metal of two shoulders by cyclic loading and thermal cycling test. METHODS: Forty recently extracted molars from patients with periodontal disease, aged 40-50 years, were collected and randomly divided into two groups. The porcelain-fused-to-metals were prepared with the standard prepared criteria, and the shoulders were designed into 120° and 90°. Then the cyclic loading and thermal cycling tests were performed in vitro on the porcelain-fused-to-metal of two shoulders to detect the microleakage. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: This study discover that there are significant differences between two groups after cyclic loading and thermal cycling processing, which increased microleakage of porcelain-fused-to-metal with 120° shoulder, and 90° shoulder has the lowest level of microleakage no matter on labial edge or the tongue edge. It demonstrates that 90° shoulder is the best performance to resist microleakage for porcelain-fused-to-metal and 90° shoulder, design can minimize occurrence of secondary caries. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of nickel chromium alloy porcelain-fused-metal crown on the nickel and chromium ion concentration in human urine Tuerhongayi·Taxifulati, Wang Xing, He Hui-yu 2012, 16 (38):  7078-7082.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.010 Abstract ( 273 )   PDF (526KB) ( 369 )   Save BACKGROUND: Nickel chromium alloy porcelain-fused-metal crown has been widely used in the field of domestic prosthodontics as its excellent mechanical properties and low price. OBJECTIVE: To observe the influence of the nickel chromium alloy porcelain crowns on the concentration of nickel and chromium ions in patients’ urine. METHODS: The patients were selected from the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from March 2009 to March 2010. Fifty-five patients with nickel chromium alloy porcelain-fused-metal crown were as the experimental group, and 55 patients without any treatment were as the control group, then the nickel and chromium levels in urine were compared between two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Urinary nickel and chromium levels of the experimental group were similar to those of the control group (P > 0.05), and the nickel and chromium levels of the patients with nickel chromium alloy porcelain crowns < 5 were similar to those of the patients with nickel chromium alloy porcelain crowns ≥ 5 (P > 0.05). But compared with the patients with nickel chromium alloy porcelain crowns < 5 years, the urinary nickel and chromium levels of the patients with nickel chromium alloy porcelain crowns ≥ 5 were increased (P < 0.05). Nickel-chromium alloy porcelain crown restoration cannot affect the urinary nickel and chromium levels, but the length of nickel chromium alloy porcelain crown wearing can affect urinary nickel and chromium levels. Related Articles | Metrics

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Effect of different etching systems on bond strength of fiber posts Wang Ze, Xiao Yue, Zou Qing-xue, Li Wei-shan, Qu Xue-wei, Liu Zheng, Li De-chao 2012, 16 (38):  7083-7086.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.011 Abstract ( 308 )   PDF (431KB) ( 423 )   Save BACKGROUND: The interface between resin and dentin bonded is a weak structure. So it is significant to develop a better bonding system. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of self-etching system and general etching system on bond strength of fiber posts. METHODS: Thirty human intact signal-rooted canals were prepared using step-back technique and obturated with gutta-percha using lateral condensation. The roots were divided into three groups and received different bond systems. Group A used self-etching system, group B used general etching system, and group C was blank control group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The bond strength of groups A, B, C was (3.24±0.76), (4.09±0.54), (2.85±0.89) MPa. Significant difference was found among different etching systems (P < 0.05). Scanning electron microscope observation found that in group B, fiber post and dentin were connected better than group A. Good marginal seal was observed in group B. General etching system is the best way to cement fiber posts, and the bond strength with general etching system is higher than that with self-etching system. Related Articles | Metrics

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Repairing peripheral nerve defects in rats by electrostatic spinning poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid)-silk fibroin-collagen nerve conduits Li Sen, Shi Xiao-yuan, Lin Wei, Fan Hong-song, Chen Bao, Wu Hui, Hu Xu-dong, Wang Guang-lin 2012, 16 (38):  7087-7091.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.012 Abstract ( 432 )   PDF (538KB) ( 539 )   Save BACKGROUND: The repair of peripheral nerve defects exhibits a clinical challenge. Because of the limitation of nerve autograft, it is a promising choice for artificial nerve grafts. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possibility of repairing sciatic nerve defects by electrostatic spinning poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-silk fibroin-collagen nano nerve conduits. METHODS: Totally 36 female SD rats were underwent 10 mm sciatic nerve defects. The nerves of rats were grafted by reverse nerve autografts, electrostatic spinning PLGA-silk fibroin-collagen nerve conduits and PLGA nerve conduits alone. At week 12 postoperatively, nerve regeneration was studied by general observations, electrophysiological examination, microscopic observation, transmission electron microscopy observation and image analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that the nanofibers-based nerve conduits prepared by electrostatic spinning had a well-distributed porous structure and could simulate the structure of native extracellular matrix. These findings suggest that the electrostatic spinning PLGA-silk fibroin-collagen nerve conduits group is superior to PLGA nerve conduits group in sciatic nerve regeneration, regenerative nerve myelinization and nerve foundation reconstruction, but slightly worse than the nerve autograft group. Related Articles | Metrics

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Antibacterial property of a zinc-containing hydroxyapatite/titania hybrid coating Zhang Jing-ying, Sun Shen-xia, Qi Min, Ai Hong-jun 2012, 16 (38):  7092-7095.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.013 Abstract ( 281 )   PDF (430KB) ( 602 )   Save BACKGROUND: The effective ways to improve the success rate of titanium implants are to improve the antibacterial properties of titanium implants and reduce the incidence of peri-implantitis. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antibacterial properties of the zinc-containing hydroxyapatite (ZnHA)/titania (TiO2) hybrid coating. METHODS: First, a porous titania coating was produced on pure titanium (Ti) by micro-arc oxidation treatment. And then a ZnHA /TiO2 biological coating was prepared via sol-gel method. The concentration of Zn2+ release of Ti samples in each group was measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer. The adhesion number and morphologies of Porphyromonas gingivalis W83 implanted on the surface of hybrid coating were characterized by scanning electron microscope and bacteriostasis experiment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The concentration of Zn2+ release in the Tris buffer was increased with the Zn/Ca molar ratio in precursor solution increased. The growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis on the surface of ZnHA/TiO2 coating was inhibited obviously, and the form of Porphyromonas gingivalis adhered on the surface of coating had changed. These findings suggest that the ZnHA/TiO2 hybrid coatings on titanium implants have good antibacterial property. Related Articles | Metrics

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Blood compatibility of a bilirubin adsorbent column Xu Jian-xia, Shao An-liang, Yin Shu-juan, Wang Shu-qin, Zhang Xiu-min, Xi Ting-fei 2012, 16 (38):  7096-7100.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.014 Abstract ( 495 )   PDF (455KB) ( 502 )   Save BACKGROUND: The bilirubin adsorbent column is used to reduce the high concentration of bilirubin in the blood of patients. During the healing process, the resin particle in the column has a large-scale and long-time contact with the blood of patients. Therefore, the evaluation of blood compatibility of bilirubin adsorbent column is very important. OBJECTIVE: To assess the blood compatibility of a bilirubin adsorbent column. METHODS: Commercially available bilirubin adsorbent column was used as product control. The resin particles in test and control bilirubin adsorbent column were put into silicified glass tubes, respectively. The empty silicified glass tubes were used as blank control. The fresh human plasma was put into silicified glass tubes in three groups and cultured on the rotary incubator in impermeable incubator at the rate of 30 r/min under 37 ℃. After 3 minutes, the plasma was taken out to detect the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen and complement hemolysis CH50. The whole process was repeated three times. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the blank control group, prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time in the control group and experimental group were prolonged; concentration of fibrinogen and complement hemolysis CH50 in the control group and experimental group were decreased, but the difference was reducing with the increasing plasma-resin particle contact processes. Compared with control group, values of prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen in the experimental group were closer to those in the blank control group in three determinations. In three determinations, complement hemolysis CH50 concentration in the experimental group was larger than that in the control group at first, then insignificantly different from the control group and at last smaller than that in the control group. Results indicated that: ①The blood compatibility of the resin particles was improved with increasing plasma-resin particle contact processes. ②The resin particle in the test bilirubin adsorbent column has fewer effect on the coagulation system than the control product. In first adsorption, the influence of the test resin particle on the complement system was smaller than the control product, but the control product had a faster increase in comparison with complement in later two adsorption processes. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of AZ31 magnesium alloy treated with micro-arc oxidation Wang Shu-feng, Li Chun-rong, Wang Cheng-yue, Li Shu-hua, Tan Li-li, Yang Ke 2012, 16 (38):  7101-7106.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.015 Abstract ( 289 )   PDF (526KB) ( 503 )   Save BACKGROUND: Surface modification and the alteration of alloying components will affect the biocompatibility of magnesium alloy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of AZ31 magnesium alloy treated with micro-arc oxidation. METHODS: The passage 3 rabbit bone marrow stroma cells (BMSCs) cultured and expanded in vitro were collected. The cells were implanted into the un-treated AZ31 magnesium alloy (magnesium alloy+BMSCs group) and AZ31 magnesium alloy treated with micro-arc oxidation (magnesium alloy treated with micro-arc oxidation+BMSCs group). In addition, BMSCs were as the blank control group (BMSCs group). Cellular morphology, cell growth and adhesion conditions as well as material surface appearance were observed after cultured for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cellular morphology in each group was the same, and mainly showed fusiformis. The cell growth condition of the magnesium alloy+BMSCs group was significantly not better than that of magnesium alloy treated with micro-arc oxidation+BMSCs group and BMSCs group (P < 0.05). A large number of cells that grew normally were found adhesion in the material surface of the magnesium alloy treated with micro-arc oxidation+BMSCs group. There were no cells adhered onto the material surface and obvious cracks were seen in the magnesium alloy+BMSCs group. These findings suggest that AZ31 magnesium alloy treated with micro-arc oxidation has good biocompatibility, which is helpful to cell adhesion and normal growth. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biomembrane formation ability in Streptococcus mutans with gcp gene inactivation strain and the adhesion rate on the surface of hydroxylapatite coated with saliva Yan Wen-juan 2012, 16 (38):  7107-7110.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.016 Abstract ( 334 )   PDF (376KB) ( 449 )   Save BACKGROUND: Our studies have confirmed that the exogenous bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosinemonophosphate (c-di-GMP) could inhibit the formation and adherion ability of Streptococcus mutans biomembrane. However, it is not clear whether c-di-GMP inside of streptococcus mutans has the same effect. OBJECTIVE: To construct gcp gene inactivation strain of c-di-GMP within Streptococcus mutans and to observe the biological characters of Streptococcus mutans with gcp gene inactivation strain. METHODS: Streptococcus mutans with gcp gene inactivation strain and wildlife mushroom supension were cultured on 96-well plates in anaerobic environment for 48 hours. The attached bacteria were stained with crystal violet, and ethanol/acetone dissolved the precipitated stain. The absorbance value at 575 nm was measured to represent the amount of biomembrane formation; Streptococcus mutans with gcp gene inactivation strain and wildlife mushroom were labeled by fluorescence; and then co-cultured with the hydroxylapatite coated with saliva. The fluorescence value of hydroxylapatite was detected and the adhesion rates between them were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The number of biomembranes in gcp gene inactivation strain was lower than that in wildlife mushroom; the adhesion rate on the surface of hydroxylapatite coated with saliva in gcp gene inactivation strain was lower than that in wildlife mushroom (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the inactivation of gcp gene can inhibit the biomembrane formation of Streptococcus mutans and the adhesion on the surface of hydroxylapatite. Related Articles | Metrics

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Copolymer biomaterial of chitosan selectively grafted by poly(ethylene glycol) Li Ruo-hui, Shan Dan-tong, Zhang Guo-hua, Yuan Zhi-kui 2012, 16 (38):  7111-7115.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.017 Abstract ( 330 )   PDF (397KB) ( 441 )   Save BACKGROUND: Polyethylene glycol has been generally applied to improving water solubility of macromolecular materials not only for its favourable water solubility and biocompatibility but also for its hydrophily and flexibility. OBJECTIVE: To improve chitosan hydrophily by selectively grafting polyethylene glycol to chitosan molecule chain. METHODS: First, amino groups on chitosan chains were protected by copper ion. Second, the monomethoxy polyethylene glycol which hydroxyl was combined with hexamethylene diisocyanate became a novel macromonomer namely monomethoxy polyethylene glycol isocyanate. And then, the hydroxyl group of chitosan was selectively grafted by the macromonomer. Finally, the copolymer of chitosan grafted by poly(ethylene glycol) was synthesized. The effects of monomethoxy polyethylene glycol dosage on grafting ratio, grafting efficiency and swelling properties of chitosan grafted by poly(ethylene glycol) in water were studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The graft ratio was increased with the increase of the amount of monomethoxy polyethylene glycol. Grafting efficiency reached the maximum, and it was about 24%, when the mass ratio of monomethoxy polyethylene glycol to chitosan was about 5. Equilibrium swelling degree was up to above 120%, when mass ratio of monomethoxy polyethylene glycol to chitosan was about 8.75. These findings suggest that the more the amount of the monomethoxy polyethylene glycol, the stronger was the swelling ability when chitosan grafted by poly(ethylene glycol) was soaked for the same time in water. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and application of zona pellucida 3 peptides-trimethyl chitosan microspheres in premature ovarian failure Zeng Ke-fei, Liu Ai-min, Cui Song-hua, Feng Wei, Xia Ting-ting1, Fu Li 2012, 16 (38):  7116-7120.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.018 Abstract ( 371 )   PDF (421KB) ( 437 )   Save BACKGROUND: Zona pellucida 3 peptide administered orally can prevent and treat the autoimmune premature ovarian failure. As the direct application is not very good, therefore, selecting the appropriate drug carrier system has become the basis for further research. OBJECTIVE: To prepare zona pellucida 3 peptides-trimethyl chitosan microspheres, and to study their application in premature ovarian failure METHODS: Zona pellucida 3 peptides-trimethyl chitosan microspheres were prepared by ionic cross-linking. Morphology of microspheres was examined by scanning electron microscope, and the microspheres size, encapsulation efficiency, drug loading rate and release rate were examined. The zona pellucida 3 peptides-trimethyl chitosan microspheres, PBS, zona pellucida 3 peptides and trimethyl chitosan microspheres were used respectively for the treatment of mice with premature ovarian failure. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The morphology of zona pellucida 3 peptides-trimethyl chitosan microspheres was regular. The average microsphere size was 280.5 nm, encapsulation efficiency was 69.20%, and drug loading rate was 14.83%. The in vitro release rate of zona pellucida 3 peptides-trimethyl chitosan microspheres was gradually increased with time passing without burst release phenomenon. The positive rate of anti-zona pellucida 3 peptides in the peripheral blood of premature ovarian failure mice in zona pellucida 3 peptides-trimethyl chitosan microspheres group was significantly lower than that in the other three groups (P < 0.05). It indicates that zona pellucida 3 peptides-trimethyl chitosan microspheres can significantly reduce the positive rate of anti-zona pellucida 3 peptides in the peripheral blood of premature ovarian failure mice. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation of tetracycline hydrochloride-loaded chitosan controlled-released films Ding Man, Wang Hua-lin, Jiang Shao-tong 2012, 16 (38):  7121-7125.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.019 Abstract ( 230 )   PDF (495KB) ( 377 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan has good biocompatibility, biodegradability and antibiotic activity. OBJECTIVE: To prepare chitosan nanofiber films with various tetracycline hydrochloride contents by using tape casting method, and to investigate their performance in preventing bacterial infections as well as their controlled-release characteristic. METHODS: Chitosan/tetracycline hydrochloride controlled-release films, 0.03 mm in thickness, with various tetracycline hydrochloride contents (0, 3%, 5%, 10%, 20%) were prepared by tape casting method. Drug loaded efficiency was determined, and drug release profiles were drawn. The in vitro antibiotic activity of drug release films was tested by using solution culture and solid culture methods. Degradation of the films was observed by phosphate buffer solution method. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Drug loaded efficiencies of the chitosan/tetracycline hydrochloride films were decreased with the tetracycline hydrochloride contents increased. Besides, burst release amount was increased. The chitosan/tetracycline hydrochloride films could inhibit staphylococcus aureus growth, and with the increase of the tetracycline hydrochloride contents, their antibacterial effect was enhanced. Until the tetracycline hydrochloride content was over 10%, the antibacterial effect did not change significantly. Tetracycline hydrochloride could promote the degradation of chitosan films, and with the increased tetracycline hydrochloride contents, the rate of degradation was faster. Chitosan/tetracycline hydrochloride films with more than 10% tetracycline hydrochloride could be degraded completely within 8 days. These findings suggest that the chitosan film with over 10% tetracycline hydrochloride is a better choice considering the price and curative effect. Related Articles | Metrics

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Preparation and release features of long-term slow-release two-component drug artificial bone Bao Yu-cheng, Zhang Wen-long, Wang Yong, Zhang Jie 2012, 16 (38):  7126-7130.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.020 Abstract ( 322 )   PDF (438KB) ( 446 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that rifampicin or isoniazid covered with biodegradable sustained release materials can be used to prepare pulmonary targeting microspheres with less than 50 μm sustained-release degradation, which are mainly used for lung targeted therapy via the intravenous injection. OBJECTIVE: To develop long-term slow-release two-component drug artificial bone and to select the optimal preparation process of drug release as well as to observe the characteristics of in vitro releases. METHODS: Orthogonal design was adopted to optimize the preparation technology using the emulsion-solvent evaporation method of preparation technology. We prepared rifampicin poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microspheres and isoniazid poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microspheres. Biological binder was used to process these two kinds of microspheres into long-term slow-release two-component drug artificial bone. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: According to the process optimization, two kinds of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer microspheres carrying 26% rifampicin or 28% isoniazid were prepared successfully, which were used to prepare artificial bone at a quality of 50%. The drug concentrations were kept at 0.02 and 0.03 mg/L after 90 days of in vitro release. These findings indicate that this kind of artificial bone is expected to provide a new and effective treatment for bone tuberculosis. Related Articles | Metrics

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Degradability of epsilon-caprolactone and DL-lactide copolymers in vivo Zhang Wei, Yang Dan, Wang Ping, Wang Ling, Zhen Zhu 2012, 16 (38):  7131-7134.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.021 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (480KB) ( 437 )   Save BACKGROUND: Copolymers of ε-caprolactone and DL-lactide (PCDLA) have good biocompatibility and adjustable degradation rate. And there is an important relationship between the application of PCDLA and its degradation property in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the degradation property of PCDLA in vivo of big ear rabbits. METHODS: The PCDLA with different copolymer compositions were made into samples with different sizes, and the samples were implanted in the back of Japanese big ear rabbits subcutaneously. The morphology, weight loss rate, number-average molecular weight and thermal properties of the samples were observed regularly. The degradation property of PCDLA in vivo was evaluated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The results showed that the PCDLA shape retention was enhanced and degradation rate was slowed down with the feed ratio of ε-caprolactone increased. These suggest that for the same copolymer composition of samples, the larger size, and the faster degradation rate. Related Articles | Metrics

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Subarachnoid implantation of microencapsulated PC12 cells reduces cold allodynia in a rat model of neuropathic pain Wu Shao-ling, Ma Chao, Li Xiao 2012, 16 (38):  7135-7139.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.022 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (447KB) ( 526 )   Save BACKGROUND: Many studies have confirmed that the subarachnoid implantation of microencapsulated adrenal chromaffin cells can relieve chronic pain in rodent models. An ethical argument surrounds the implantation of animal (xenogenic) adrenal chromaffin cells for human pain therapy, and the availability of human chromaffin cells is very limited. Thus, a new source of cells must be explored for cellular transplantation in pain therapy. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential of microencapsulated PC12 cells to improve cold allodynia in a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain. METHODS: Thirty-six Spraque Dawley rats with chronic constrictive injury were divided randomly into three groups: alginic-polylysine-alginic (APA) microencapsulated PC12 cell group, bare PC12 group and empty capsule group. The subarachnoid implantation was performed at 3-5 days after microcapsulation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transplanted with APA-PC12, the difference in retracted frequency and time between two hind legs of rats was significantly decreased which compared with the results pre-transplantation (P < 0.01). Meanwhile, the differences were significantly lower than those in the bare PC12 group and empty capsule group (P < 0.01). The levels of met-enkephalin and norepinephrine in the cerebrospinal fluid of rats in the APA-PC12 group were significantly higher than those in the bare PC12 group and empty capsule group (P < 0.01) at week 7 after transplantation. These results suggest that subarachnoid implantation of microencapsulated PC12 cells can suppress cold allodynic behavior in a rat model of neuropathic pain. Increased levels of met-enkephalin and norepinephrine are found in the cerebrospinal fluid. Related Articles | Metrics

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Sodium alginate serves as an important indicator for tissue-engineered medical products Sun Xue, Xi Ting-fei, Lu Da-wei 2012, 16 (38):  7140-7144.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.023 Abstract ( 380 )   PDF (450KB) ( 654 )   Save BACKGROUND: Different average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, as well as different chemical composition and sequence structure of sodium alginate will results in different applications of sodium alginate. OBJECTIVE: To measure the average molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, as well as different chemical composition and sequence structure of sodium alginate used for tissue-engineered medical products. METHODS: The average molecular weight and the molecular weight distribution were detected by size exclusion chromatography-multi-angle laser light scattering. The chemical composition and sequence structure were detected by Hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The sample’s number-average molecular weight was 7.360×104, weight-average molecular weight was 1.031×105 and the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) was 1.401. Fg was 0.405, Fm was 0.595, the M/G was 1.47, Nm was 2.78, Ng was 1.89 and Ng>1 was 2.72. Related Articles | Metrics

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Chitosan and its ramifications as nano-drug carriers Tang Hong-bo, Feng Xin, Zhang Tong, Liu Ling-rong, Zhang Qi-qing 2012, 16 (38):  7145-7150.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.024 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (618KB) ( 828 )   Save BACKGROUND: Chitosan has been paid much attention due to its unique advantages in the research field of drug carrier. OBJECTIVE: To review the in vivo bioeffect and safety of chitosan-based nano-drug carrier, including drug efficacy, drug metabolism, tissue distribution and in vivo toxicity studies. METHODS: CNKI, Wanfang and PubMed databases were searched by computer for papers concerning in vivo pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetics and toxicity tests of nanoparticles and nano-drug carriers prepared by chitosan and its ramifications (1998-01/2010-05). The key words were “chitosan, nano-particle, in vivo” or “drug action” or “pharmacokinetics” or “ tissue distribution or toxicity” in Chinese, and “chitosan and nanoparticle and in vivo” or “chitosan and nanoparticle and pharcodynamic or pharmacokinetic or biodistribution or toxicity” in English. Papers related to in vivo experiments of nanoparticles, and published recently and authoritatively in the same field were included. Totally 166 papers were initially searched, and 43 papers were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The searched papers were summarized and analyzed. Chitosan and its ramifications can be as the carriers of protein, cytotoxic type, nucleic acid drugs and diagnostic reagent. Compared with the prototype drug, the nano-drug carrier showed longer in vivo circulation time, better drug effectiveness and little toxic side effect. Bioeffect and safety of in vivo drug effectiveness and biodistribution are different, and the research methods are also different. Chitosan shows the great potential as nano-drug carriers Related Articles | Metrics

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Corrosion resistance of magnetic attachment keepers Zhang Shu-yuan, Zhu Zhi-min, Chao Yong-lie 2012, 16 (38):  7151-7155.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.025 Abstract ( 313 )   PDF (577KB) ( 508 )   Save BACKGROUND: After long-term exposure to oral complex environments, magnetic attachment keepers may corrode slowly, affected by various factors. OBJECTIVE: To review the research methods and influencing factors related to corrosion resistance of magnetic attachment keepers. METHODS: The first author retrieved Ovid, ScienceDirect (2001-01/2011-12) and CNKI (2003-01/2011-12) for articles addressing magnetic attachment, keeper corrosion resistance and corrosion resistance of dental metals. The key words were “magnetic attachment or keeper or dental metal, corrosion or anticorrosion” and “magnetic attachment, keeper, dental alloy, corrosion” in English and Chinese, respectively. Repetitive studies and Meta analysis were excluded, and finally 30 articles were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Corrosion electrochemical experiments and the surface morphology are common research methods, and corrosion-gel method can be used as a new user-friendly detection method for horizontal comparative study. The microelectrode technique and the Kelvin probe technology many after all be accepted as a new method of minor localized corrosion. Application forms, the alloy composition of the root cap and keeper itself, production process, whether to add a protective coating as well as the patient’s oral condition can affect the corrosion of the keeper in the oral cavity. However, the current studies are just focused on the keeper itself, and no research pays attention to the corrosion resistance of the composite structure of the keeper-root-cap that should be more explored. Related Articles | Metrics

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Biocompatibility of mesoporous silica nanoparticles Qiu Man-tang, Cai Xiao-bing 2012, 16 (38):  7156-7160.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.026 Abstract ( 488 )   PDF (511KB) ( 1100 )   Save BACKGROUND: Due to the superior physical properties of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), MSNs can be applied widely in biomedicine, but insufficient information about its biocompatibility is unknown. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress in MSNs biocompatibility. METHODS: Electronic databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Wanfang, CNKI, Weipu and Chinese Biomedical Medicine were searched, and papers concerning the cytotoxicity or toxicity of MSNs in vivo were included. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: MSNs could be internalized by cells through endocytosis, and the root cause for the cytotoxicity may be induced by the production of reactive oxygen species. The cytotoxicity of MSNs was associated with the concentration of MSNs, particles size, residual surfactant removal methods and cell types. In vivo, MSNs was easily trapped in liver and spleen and mainly excreted through urine and stool. MSNs showed good biocompatibility in local site in vivo, but large dose intra-peritoneal or intra-venous injection can result in serious systematic response. MSNs exhibit tolerable toxicity and good biocompatibility in vitro and in vivo, but its security needs further study. Related Articles | Metrics

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Tissue engineering scaffold materials in the treament of spinal cord injury Chen Ling-jun, Yu Jin-cheng, Fu Qiao, Lin Peng 2012, 16 (38):  7161-7168.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.027 Abstract ( 249 )   PDF (727KB) ( 469 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, with the development of basic research, the new method and the new strateg its have been used for repairing spinal cord injury. The development of tissue engineering provides a new approach. The method of tissue engineering to treat spinal cord injury has gradually become a new research hotspot. OBJECTIVE: To explore the progress of tissue engineering scaffolds in treating spinal cord injury. METHODS: A retrieval was performed for the papers regarding tissue engineering scaffolds for spinal cord injury, using key words of “tissue engineering, spinal cord injury, scaffold material, collagen, chitosan, alginate hydrogel, fibrin glue, poly-b-hydroxybutyrate, agarose, poly lactic acid, synthetic hydrogels, polyethylene glycol” in Science Citation Index (SCI) database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Tissue engineering scaffolds play an important role in the tissue engineering to repair spinal cord injury. The tissue engineering scaffold materials include natural materials and synthetic materials. The natural materials have the cell capacity and tissue compatibility, and the synthetic polymer scaffolds have a great advantage in the structure, shape, mechanical strength and large-scale production. In recent years, the tissue engineering scaffold material in spinal cord injury have made a significant progress, and in the novel scaffold materials have appeared. Related Articles | Metrics

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Choice of biological materials in the reconstruction of exercise-induced cruciate ligament injury Liu Dong-bo, Sha Peng 2012, 16 (38):  7169-7176.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.028 Abstract ( 283 )   PDF (694KB) ( 436 )   Save BACKGROUND: The knee joint is the largest tackle joint with the most complex structure, and it is the central parts of human movement and the main weight-bearing joints, the auxiliary structures include the anterior and posterior cruciate ligament and the medial and lateral meniscu. The ligament injury is the main injury for knee joint, and the surgical reconstruction is commonly used to restore its function, so it is particularly important to select the appropriate biological materials to repair or rebuild the ligament. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the selection of the biological materials for the reconstruction of exercise-induced cruciate ligament injury, in order to provide the theoretical basis for the treatment and rehabilitation of exercise-induced cruciate ligament injury timely. METHODS: The SCI database was used to search the articles on the selection of the biological materials for the reconstruction of exercise-induced cruciate ligament injury from 2002 to 2011. The key words were “knee, cruciate ligament, reconstruction, graft, replacement” in English and Chinese. A total of 140 articles were screened out, and five articles were included for review according to the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: For the knee joint cruciate ligament injury, choose the appropriate treatment method and the reasonable reconstruction and repair material according to various aspects, such as the exercise-induced injury mechanisms, manifestations, diagnosis and degree of injury, can treat and recover the knee joint injury timely and rapidly. Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of absorbable fixation materials in children’s fractures Wu Su-ying 2012, 16 (38):  7177-7184.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.029 Abstract ( 335 )   PDF (787KB) ( 628 )   Save BACKGROUND: Absorbable material as a new type of internal fixation material can be removed without the second operation, it has been widely used in recent years and obtained better efficacy. OBJECTIVE: To multi-level analyze the literatures on absorbable fixation material and children's fractures, and to investigate the application and effect in the treatment of children’s fracture. METHODS: A computer-based research was performed in CNKI database for the literatures on absorbable fixation material and children's fractures from January 2002 to December 2011, the key words were “absorbable fixation material, fractures, children”. The types and specifications of absorbable fixation materials, the appropriate indications of different materials as well as the strength and flexural elastic modulus of the materials were analyzed to compare the application of absorbable fixation screw, fixation rods and tension band in the treatment of children's fractures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 60 literatures on absorbable fixation material and children's fractures were obtained in CNKI database from 2002 to 2011. At present, the absorbable fixation material for the clinical application was mainly the polylactic acid and the polymers, it mainly produced by P&T Technology Co., Takiron Co., Ltd., Japan and Chengdu Medical Ducam Digital Equipment Co., Ltd. The absorbable fixation material has better strength and flexural elastic modulus than stainless steel and titanium materials and similar to the human cortical bone; better results of absorbable fixation screw, fixation rods and tension band have been obtained for the treatment of different parts of children’s fracture with fewer complications, which should be promoted. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical comparison of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid new catgut embedding material and catgut Liu Hui-min 2012, 16 (38):  7185-7192.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.030 Abstract ( 341 )   PDF (773KB) ( 490 )   Save BACKGROUND: The catgut embedding technology can embed the line body of biodegradable materials to the specific body parts or points through minimally invasive devices, and it can adjust the meridians and organs function for disease treatment through biodegradable line body formed long-term stimulus in the meridian points. OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid new catgut embedding material and catgut and to investigate the application characteristics of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid new catgut embedding material. METHODS: 150 patients treated with embedding was selected and divided into observation group and control group, 75 patients in each group. In the observation group, there were 32 patients with spinal diseases, 22 patients with epilepsy and 21 patients with nervous tinnitus, and all the patients were treated with poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid new catgut embedding material; in the control group, there were 20 patients with spinal diseases, 23 patients with epilepsy and 23 patients with nervous tinnitus, and all the patients were treated with catgut. The effect and the infrared thermography of the two materials were compared and statistically analyzed to observe whether there was significant difference of the efficacy and local reactions between two catgut embedding materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The effective rate for the spinal disease patients was 87.50% in observation group, 81.82% for epilepsy patients and 90.48% for nervous tinnitus patients; in the control group, the effective rate for the spinal disease patients was 79.31%, 69.57% for epilepsy patients and 78.26% for nervous tinnitus patients; there was no significant difference of the effective rate for different diseases between two embedding materials. For the partialbody temperature, the time to return to normal in the observation group was shorter than that in the control group, and there was significant difference between two groups (P < 0.05). For the effect on the acupoint catgut embedding treatment, there were no significant advantages of poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid new catgut embedding material when compared with catgut, but the poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid new catgut embedding material has the advantages of not easy to allergy, lower partial rejection and lower infection risk, which can help to improve the overall treatment efficacy, so the poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid new catgut embedding material is worthy for the clinical application. Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of orthopedic biomedical materials Wang Shen-dong 2012, 16 (38):  7193-7202.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.031 Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (741KB) ( 909 )   Save BACKGROUND: Biomedical materials have been widely used in the treatment of orthopedic trauma, and the biomedical materials used in the clinical treatment should has the good biocompatibility, meet the certain mechanical properties and has the properties of anti-wear, corrosion resistance and anti-aging. OBJECTIVE: To classify the orthopedic biomedical materials and to multi-level analyze the relevant literatures in the Web of Science database. METHODS: A computer-based search was performed on the Web of Science database for the literatures on orthopedic biomedical materials from 2002 to 2011, and the key words were “orthopedic, biological materials”. The orthopedic biomedical materials were classified according to the properties, function, source and location in order to analyze the characteristics and indications of various materials. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A total of 3 834 literatures were screened out from the Web of Science database from 2002 to 2011. China has obtained a certain achievements in the field orthopedic biomedical materials research, as the number of the literatures published by Chinese Academy of Sciences and Sichuan University is in the top, and Biomaterials is a classic journal on orthopedic biomedical materials research. Orthopedic biomedical materials can be divided into metal materials, nonmetallic materials, polymeric materials and biological composites according to the nature of the material and each of the material has the respective characteristics in mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, corrosion resistance and biological safety. The tissue engineering presents new challenges to the research of biomaterials, but we can make up the shortage through composite materials development, material modification and surface modification method, and the research of the orthopedic biomedical materials will develop into the composite, hybrid, functional and intelligent biomaterials. Related Articles | Metrics

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Arthroscopic treatment of osteochondral injury of the knee using bioabsorbable cartilage screws Wang Zhi, Li Zhong, Chen Ge, Yang Hong-bin, Lu Xiao-bo 2012, 16 (38):  7203-7206.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.032 Abstract ( 340 )   PDF (374KB) ( 745 )   Save BACKGROUND: Because osteochondral fracture fragments are lack of effective fixators and long-term clinical observation, the treatment of osteochondral fracture of the knee is a common difficult problem in bone and joint surgery. OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effectiveness of arthroscopic bioabsorbable cartilage screws in the treatment of osteochondral injury of the knee. METHODS: Totally 19 patients with osteochondral injury of the knee were included. Cartilage damage areas and bone fractures were fixed with self-reinforced polypropylene bioabsorbable cartilage screws under arthroscopy. Then, negative pressure drainage tube was removed within 24 hours after internal fixation. Besides, antibiotic prophylaxis for surgical site infection was no more than 48 hours and adequate analgesia conditions were provided for the continuous passive motion of the knee. After that, patients could walk with full weight bearing after knee hinge brace fixation for 6 weeks. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All 19 patients were followed up for 3 months to 2 years, and the average was 13.2 months. Patients resumed social activities in 2 weeks to 3 months after treatment. Postoperative Lysholm knee score was (83.25±5.63) points, and tegner movement rating was 6.1±0.87. There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative paired test (P < 0.05). These results suggest that arthroscopic bioabsorbable cartilage screws for osteochondral injury of the knee can effectively fix the shedding cartilage bone, promote cartilage repair and improve knee function. References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intra-articular radioisotope of 32P-colloidal chromic phosphate for knee joint synovitis: A follow-up of 28 cases Zhu Yue, Zhao Jin-zhong, Yue Zhi-bin, Teng Yue 2012, 16 (38):  7207-7210.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.033 Abstract ( 398 )   PDF (430KB) ( 473 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, there are various kinds of nuclides for knee joint synovitis, but their physical characteristics have obvious differences. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the short-term effect of the intra-articular radioaction of 32P-colloidal chromic phosphate on knee joint synovitis. METHODS: From January 2008 to December 2009, 28 cases (28 knees) of knee joint synovitis were included and treated with the intra-articular radioisotope of 32P-colloidal chromic phosphate. Their MRI images, active range of motion, Lysholm scores of knee joint before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The period of follow-up was from 14 to 24 months (mean 20.8 months). MRI examination of follow-up showed that synovial hyperplasia was obviously improved in various degrees. Lysholm scores of knee joint were increased from 59.05±11.90 to 80.22±10.16 (P < 0.01); excellent and good rate was 85.7%, as well as active range of motion was increased from (82.78±11.01)° to (107.50°±11.66)° (P < 0.01). Of all the cases, only two cases had no obvious improvement in subjective gall symptoms after treatment, and the rest cases were not found infection, anchylosis, deep venous thrombosis and death of body tissue. These findings suggest that the intra-articular radioisotope of 32P-colloidal chromic phosphate for knee joint synovitis is a safe and effective method. Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of contrast visual acuity between eyes implanted with artificial lenses and normal eyes under different background brightness Liu Jiao, Zhao Min 2012, 16 (38):  7211-7215.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.034 Abstract ( 718 )   PDF (428KB) ( 475 )   Save BACKGROUND: The comparison of contrast visual acuity between eyes implanted with artificial lenses and normal eyes is rarely reported. OBJECTIVE: To compare the contrast visual acuity under different background illuminations between eyes implanted with artificial lenses and normal eyes. METHODS: Twenty-five cases (41 eyes) that implanted with artificial lenses after cataract extraction were selected as experimental group and all the patients had the integrated follow-up data. Eighteen cases (31 eyes) of normal people were selected as control group that matched with the experimental group in age and gender. The best corrected distance LogMAR contrast visual acuity was measured at four contrast levels (100%, 25%, 10%, 5%) under two background illumination levels by multi-functional visual acuity tester. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①Under bright background: With the contrast visual acuity decline, the visual function in the two groups was reduced. There was no significant difference of LogMAR contrast visual acuity between two groups at 100%, 25% and 10% contrast levels (P > 0.05); at 5% contrast level, the LogMAR contrast visual acuity in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). ②Under dark background: With the contrast visual acuity decline, the visual function in the two groups was reduced. There was no significant difference of LogMAR contrast visual acuity between two groups at 100% and 25% contrast levels (P > 0.05). At 10% and 5% contrast levels, the LogMAR contrast visual acuity in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). ③Under the same contrast level, there was no significant difference between two groups under bright background. These findings suggest that the contrast visual acuity of eyes implanted with artificial lenses is worse than that of normal eyes, especially at low contrast levels. The contrast visual acuity is affected much more by the contrast of visual target rather than background illuminations. Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship of the chroma value of dental fluorosis with age and gender in the Guizhou residents Liao Jian, Liang Xing, Tian Ai, Zang Cheng-cheng, Mao Ling, Wang Yong 2012, 16 (38):  7216-7220.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2012.38.035 Abstract ( 384 )   PDF (456KB) ( 452 )   Save BACKGROUND: A large number of studies at home and broad have shown that the color of teeth will be changed as age increases. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the relationship of the chroma value of dental fluorosis with age and gender. METHODS: A total of 317 dental fluorosis patients with 634 maxillary central incisors were randomly selected from the endemic fluorosis residents in Guizhou Province. The L*, a* and b* (brightness, hue, chroma) values of the teeth were measured by a computer-aided Shade-Eye NCC colorimeter, and the data were analyzed with SPSS 15.0 software. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: ①There was a significant difference in the chroma value of dental fluorosis between male and female (P < 0.01). The value of L* in male was slightly lower than that in female, while the values of a* and b* in male were higher than that in female. ②There was a significant difference in chroma values among different ages (P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the value of L* and age, while the values of a*, b* and age showed a positive correlation. These results suggest that there is a difference in the chroma value of dental fluorosis between different genders and ages. Compared with female, male tooth color of dental fluorosis is darker, redder and yellower, besides, tooth color will be darker and yellower gradually as age increases. Related Articles | Metrics