Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (12): 3014-3028.doi: 10.12307/2026.712
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Effect and mechanism of dichloromethane extract of fresh Sambucus adnata Wall. in rat osteoarthritis models
Lu Yuchun1, Zhu Zimo1, 2, Li Chaomeng1, Liu Ju1, Jiang Zixian1, Li Xiufang1, Wang Tao3, Wang Wenjing1
- 1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China; 2Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China; 3Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China
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Received:2025-04-03Accepted:2025-08-31Online:2026-04-28Published:2025-09-29 -
Contact:Wang Wenjing, PhD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China Co-corresponding author: Wang Tao, MS, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, Kunming Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650051, Yunnan Province, China -
About author:Lu Yuchun, MS candidate, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China Zhu Zimo, PhD candidate, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China; Yunnan Key Laboratory of Dai and Yi Medicines, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming 650500, Yunnan Province, China Lu Yuchun and Zhu Zimo contributed to this work. -
Supported by:the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Regional Program), No. 82160744 (to WWJ); Song Shaojiang Expert Workstation in Yunnan Province, No. 202305AF150030 (to WWJ); A Preclinical Study of Sambucus adnata Wall. in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis, No. 30272110298 (to WWJ); 12th Five-year Key Construction Discipline of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine - "Dai Pharmacy," No. 024SS24011 (to ZZM)
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Lu Yuchun, Zhu Zimo, Li Chaomeng, Liu Ju, Jiang Zixian, Li Xiufang, Wang Tao, Wang Wenjing. Effect and mechanism of dichloromethane extract of fresh Sambucus adnata Wall. in rat osteoarthritis models[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2026, 30(12): 3014-3028.
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2.1 实验动物数量分析 参与实验SD大鼠40只，均进入结果分析。 2.2 Micro CT影像学检查结果 CT结果显示假手术组大鼠关节面光滑，无明显损伤，无骨赘生成；与假手术组相比，模型组大鼠关节表面粗糙，有明显骨赘生成，关节间隙变窄；与模型组相比，经塞来昔布及低、高剂量fSAW-DCE干预后关节面较光滑，骨赘生成减少，关节损伤减轻，关节间隙变宽，见图1。 与假手术组相比，模型组大鼠骨体积、骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度、骨密度显著降低(P < 0.01)；与模型组相比，塞来昔布组骨体积、骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度显著升高(P < 0.05)，fSAW-DCE低剂量组骨体积、骨体积分数、骨小梁厚度、骨密度显著升高 (P < 0.05，P < 0.01)，fSAW-DCE高剂量组骨体积分数显著升高(P < 0.05)，见表5。 2.3 fSAW-DCE对骨关节炎大鼠关节软骨病理形态的影响 苏木精-伊红染色结果显示，假手术组大鼠膝关节软骨染色均匀，软骨表面光滑平整无明显损伤，软骨组织完整，软骨细胞排列整齐，潮线完整，未见异常改变；模型组大鼠软骨厚度明显变薄，软骨破坏明显，中间区域着色较浅，潮线结构消失，软骨细胞排列散乱并伴有簇集的现象，软骨层厚度变薄，软骨细胞数量明显减少；塞来昔布组软骨形态有明显改善，软骨结构完整，软骨细胞数量与排列有明显改善，软骨层厚度增加；fSAW-DCE低、高剂量组软骨表面较为光滑，软骨形态与结构完整性有所改善，软骨层厚度有所增加，软骨细胞数量与排列较好，见图2。 2.4 fSAW-DCE对骨关节炎大鼠关节软骨矿质化程度及Mankin’s评分的影响 与假手术组相比，模型组大鼠关节软骨矿质化程度严重(P < 0.001)，Mankin’s评分明显升高(P < 0.01)；与模型组相比，塞来昔布组及fSAW-DCE低剂量组关节软骨矿质化程度及Mankin’s 评分明显降低(P < 0.05，P < 0.01)， fSAW-DCE高剂量组关节软骨矿质化程度明显降低(P < 0.05)，Mankin’s评分有降低趋势，但结果无统计学差异，见图3。 2.5 fSAW-DCE对骨关节炎大鼠关节腔液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平的影响 与假手术组相比，模型组大鼠关节腔液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平显著升高(P < 0.05)；与模型组相比，塞来昔布组及fSAW-DCE低剂量组关节腔液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显降低(P < 0.01)，fSAW-DCE高剂量组关节腔液中肿瘤坏死因子α水平呈降低趋势，但结果无统计学差异，见图4。 2.6 fSAW-DCE对ATDC5细胞增殖的影响 与对照组相比，1.25-40 μg/mL fSAW-DCE干预24 h后细胞存活率增加，但差异无显著性意义；1.25-5 μg/mL fSAW-DCE干预48 h后细胞存活率呈上升趋势，10-40 μg/mL fSAW-DCE干预48 h后细胞存活率呈下降趋势，其中5 μg/mL fSAW-DCE干预48 h后可明显增加细胞的存活率、40 μg/mL fSAW-DCE干预48 h后可明显降低细胞的存活率(P < 0.001，P < 0.05)，见图5。 2.7 fSAW-DCE对ATDC5细胞上清中肿瘤坏死因子α水平的影响 与对照组相比，模型组上清中肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显升高(P < 0.05)；与模型组相比，塞来昔布组及1.25，5 μg/mL fSAW-DCE组细胞上清中肿瘤坏死因子α水平明显降低(P < 0.05，P < 0.01)，20 μg/mL fSAW-DCE组细胞上清中肿瘤坏死因子α水平呈降低趋势，但差异无显著性意义，见图6。"
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2.8 fSAW-DCE对ATDC5细胞中Ⅱ型胶原、蛋白聚糖 mRNA表达的影响 RT-qPCR结果显示，与对照组相比，模型组蛋白聚糖mRNA表达水平呈下降趋势，Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达水平明显降低(P < 0.01)；与模型组相比，1.25 μg/mL fSAW-DCE组Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达水平明显降低(P < 0.01)，5 μg/mL fSAW-DCE组Ⅱ型胶原mRNA表达水平升高(P < 0.05)，蛋白聚糖mRNA表达水平有上升趋势，见图7。"
2.9 转录组学分析 2.9.1 转录组样品RNA质检情况 质检结果显示各组样品RNA纯度及浓度均符合要求，检测结果为A，可进行后续建库分析，质检情况见表6。"
2.9.2 基因表达差异分析 样本间相关性热图显示各组间分类界限明显，各组内样本基因表达相似性较高。差异基因数目柱状图显示，与对照组相比，模型组共有1 169个差异基因，其中633个基因上调，536个基因下调；与模型组相比，20 μg/mL fSAW-DCE 组共有516个差异基因，其中217个基因上调，299个基因下调，见图8。 2.9.3 蛋白相互作用网络 将差异基因导入STRING网站进行蛋白间相互作用分析，物种选择小鼠，下载其tsv文件，并导入Cytoscape 3.10.1进行可视化，以degree值为指标将差异基因进行大小排序，以筛选核心靶点。蛋白相互作用网络图结果显示，与对照组相比，造模后主要影响了白细胞介素6、C-C趋化因子配体2、基质金属蛋白酶9等基因；与模型组相比，给予fSAW-DCE后主要影响白细胞介素6、C-X-C趋化因子配体10、C-X-C趋化因子配体9等基因，见图9。 2.9.4 GO和KEGG富集分析 将差异基因及其FC值导入Omicshare云平台进行动态GO和KEGG富集分析，物种选择小鼠。富集结果按照P值从小到大进行排列，选取排名前20的结果进行展示，P < 0.05视为结果有显著性意义。KEGG富集结果删除与关节炎不相关的人类疾病后，选取排名前20的结果进行"
展示。GO和KEGG富集结果显示，与对照组相比，模型组富集到的基因主要涉及生物调节、多细胞生物过程及免疫系统过程等生物过程；调节催化活性、抗氧化活性及小分子传感器活性等分子功能；调节细胞解剖实体及含蛋白质的复合物等细胞组成；影响肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞介素17、细胞外基质受体相互作用等信号通路发挥作用。与模型组相比，给予fSAW-DCE后富集到的基因主要涉及生物调节、多细胞生物过程及免疫系统过程等生物过程；调节催化活性、ATP依赖活性及抗氧化活性等分子功能；调节细胞解剖实体及含蛋白质的复合物等细胞组成；通过影响细胞外基质受体相互作用、肿瘤坏死因子、Janus激酶-信号转导和转录活化因子等信号通路发挥作用，见图10，11。 2.10 转录组学结果验证 2.10.1 核心基因检测结果 根据蛋白相互作用网络分析结果，选择白细胞介素6进行验证。RT-qPCR结果显示，与对照组相比，模型组软骨细胞中白细胞介素6 mRNA表达水平明显升高(P < 0.001)；与模型组相比，经塞来昔布及5，20 μg/mL fSAW-DCE干预后白细胞介素6 mRNA表达水平明显降低(P < 0.01，P < 0.05)，1.25 μg/mL fSAW-DCE干预后白细胞介素6 mRNA表达水平有降低的趋势，见图12。"
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2.10.2 信号通路检测结果 根据KEGG富集分析结果，选择肿瘤坏死因子信号通路进行验证，见图13。Western blot验证结果显示，与对照组相比，模型组软骨细胞内肿瘤坏死因子受体1、肿瘤坏死因子受体1相关死亡结构域蛋白表达有降低趋势，转化生长因子激酶1、核因子κB抑制蛋白激酶β、p65、基质金属蛋白酶13蛋白表达有升高趋势，核因子κB抑制蛋白α蛋白表达明显上升(P < 0.05)；"
与模型组相比，塞来昔布组及各fSAW-DCE组肿瘤坏死因子受体1、转化生长因子激酶1、核因子κB抑制蛋白激酶β无明显变化，5 μg/mL fSAW-DCE组肿瘤坏死因子受体1相关死亡结构域蛋白、基质金属蛋白酶13蛋白表达明显减少(P < 0.01，P < 0.001)，5，20 μg/mL fSAW-DCE组核因子κB抑制蛋白α蛋白表达明显减少(P < 0.001，P < 0.05)，塞来昔布及fSAW-DCE干预后p65蛋白表达明显降低(P < 0.001，P < 0.01)，见图14。"
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