Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 184-193.doi: 10.12307/2025.573

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Regulatory mechanisms of exosome secretion and its application prospects in biomedicine

Lyu Ruyue, Gu Lulu, Liu Qian, Zhou Siyi, Li Beibei, Xue Letian, Sun Peng   

  1. Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
  • Received:2024-11-30 Accepted:2025-01-24 Online:2026-01-08 Published:2025-07-02
  • Contact: Sun Peng, PhD, Chief physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
  • About author:Lyu Ruyue, Master candidate, Physician, Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, Hubei Province, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China, No. 82072137 (to SP)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes, as a type of extracellular vesicle, have become a key medium for cell-to-cell communication due to their nanoscale size and enrichment of various bioactive substances. The study of exosome secretion regulation not only has important scientific value, but also has broad application prospects in clinical practice, and is of great significance for promoting medical progress and improving human health. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the biological characteristics, biological functions, biogenesis process and biochemical regulation mechanism of exosomes, and to explore the application prospects of exosomes in disease diagnosis, treatment and vaccine development, so as to provide theoretical basis and reference for basic research and clinical transformation of exosomes.
METHODS: The first author searched PubMed and CNKI databases in October 2024 for relevant literature published from January 2010 to October 2024. Key words were “exosomes, biological functions, biogenesis, secretion or release, regulatory mechanisms, application prospects” in Chinese and English. Finally, 92 articles were included for analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The secretion level of exosomes can be regulated through physical or biochemical means. Exosomes show broad application prospects in the fields of disease diagnosis, treatment, and vaccine development, and may play a key role in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as well as cancer. This review provides valuable information for the clinical translation and application research of exosomes, helping to promote future progress in exosome research and application.


Key words: ">exosome, biological function, biogenesis, secretion or release, regulatory mechanism, engineered exosome

CLC Number: