Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (32): 6866-6876.doi: 10.12307/2025.783
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Difference of energy metabolism and skeletal muscle oxygenation in athletes under high temperature, high humidity and low oxygen environment
Geng Zhizhong1, Wang Jinhao2, Cao Guohuan2, Tan Chenhao2, Li Longji1, Qiu Jun2
- 1Shanghai Sports of University, Shanghai 200438, China; 2Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai 200030, China
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Received:2024-09-10Accepted:2024-10-31Online:2025-11-18Published:2025-04-25 -
Contact:Qiu Jun, PhD, Researcher, Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science, Shanghai 200030, China -
About author:Geng Zhizhong, Doctoral candidate, Shanghai Sports of University, Shanghai 200438, China -
Supported by:Shanghai Science and Technology Commission Project, No. 22dz1204601 (to QJ)
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Geng Zhizhong, Wang Jinhao, Cao Guohuan, Tan Chenhao, Li Longji, Qiu Jun. Difference of energy metabolism and skeletal muscle oxygenation in athletes under high temperature, high humidity and low oxygen environment[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025, 29(32): 6866-6876.
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2.1 参与者数量分析 共纳入12名现代五项专项男性运动者，均完成所有试验，在试验过程未发生样本脱落情况。 2.2 试验流程图 见图1。"
2.3 有氧代谢能力 运动者在不同环境中递增负荷运动时绝对V?O2peak存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=6.832，P=0.005，ηp2=0.383]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.038，95%CI(47.983，1 876.067)]、低氧环境组[P=0.012，95%CI (46.351，375.302)]的V?O2peak降低。相对V?O2peak存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=17.161，P < 0.001，ηp2=0.609]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.012，95%CI(1.231，20.459)]、低氧环境组[P=0.002，95%CI(4.282，23.423)]的V?O2peak降低。运动时间存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=10.971，P < 0.001，ηp2=0.499]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.040，95%CI(0.064，3.105)]与低氧环境组[P=0.009，95%CI (0.544，3.720)]的运动时间均出现降低。运动后血乳酸峰值浓度存在主效应[F(1.583，17.416)=7.383，P=0.007，ηp2=0.402]，与高温高湿组相比，低氧环境组的血乳酸峰值浓度升高[P=0.025，95%CI (0.015，9.402 )]。运动后即刻核心温度存在主效应显著[F(1.842，20.259)=14.663，P < 0.001，ηp2=0.571]，与高温高湿组相比，低氧环境组[P=0.012，95%CI(0.500，0.813)]、常规环境组[P < 0.001，95%CI(0.230，0.838)]的核心温度降低。峰值心率存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=8.044，P=0.002，ηp2=0.422]，与高温高湿组相比，低氧环境组[P=0.039，95%CI(0.217，9.117)]、常规环境组[P=0.010，95%CI(1.099，7.958)]的峰值心率降低。运动后即刻血氧饱和度存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=49.023，P < 0.001，ηp2=0.817]，与低氧环境组相比，高温高湿组[P < 0.001，95%CI (6.062，17.104)]与常规环境组[P < 0.001，95%CI(6.880，15.453)]运动后即刻血氧饱和度升高。GET时刻对应绝对V?O2存在主效应显著[F(1.766，19.421)=7.285，P=0.004，ηp2=0. 398]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组的GET时刻对应绝对V?O2出现降低[P=0.004，95%CI(165.044，799.057)]。同时GET时刻对应相对V?O2存在主效应显著[F(1.743，19.170)=9.805，P=0.002，ηp2=0.471]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.001，95%CI(3.484，11.090)]与低氧环境组[P=0.049，95%CI(0.027，10.807)]的GET时刻对应相对V?O2均出现降低。GET时刻所对应的运动时间存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=8.278，P=0.002，ηp2=0. 429]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.017，95%CI(0.249，2.586)]与低氧环境组[P=0.026，95%CI(0.181，2.904)]的GET时刻所对应的运动时间出现降低。见表1。"
2.4 脱氧血红蛋白动力学参数 BP所对应的运动时间存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=4.860，P=0.018，ηp2=0.306]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.049，95%CI(0.004，2.857)]与低氧环境组BP所对应的运动时间[P=0.031，95%CI(0.144，2.420)]均出现降低。BP所对应的绝对V?O2存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=7.488， P=0.003，ηp2=0.405]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组BP所对应的绝对V?O2降低[P=0.048，95%CI (5.893， 1 173.387)]。BP所对应的相对V?O2存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=8.177，P=0.009，ηp2= 0.426]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.035，95%CI(0.517，15.574)]与低氧环境组[P=0.046，95%CI(0.088，10.001)]BP所对应的相对V?O2均出现降低。ΔEHHb存在主效应显著[F(1.695，18.643)=3.796，P=0.047，ηp2=0.257]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组的ΔEHHb升高[P=0.044，95%CI(0.003，0.248)]。ΔEHHb-1存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=4.984，P=0.016，ηp2=0.312]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.005，95%CI (0.109，0.566)]与低氧环境组[P=0.029，95%CI(0.039，0.782)]的ΔEHHb-1均出现升高。各组间的ΔEHHb-2差异无显著性意义[F(2， 22)=0.994，P=0.386，ηp2=0.083]，见表2。在绝对强度下低氧环境组的HHb在4 min后显著大于常规环境组(P < 0.05)，而高温高湿组在10 min时显著大于常规环境组(P < 0.05)。在相对强度下低氧环境组与高温高湿组在90%-100%V?O2peak时显著大于常规环境组(P < 0.05)，如图2所示。"
2.5 能量代谢 2.5.1 运动过程中能量代谢 不同环境下递增负荷运动各组间的MFO差异无显著性意义[F(1.206，13.269)=3.329，P=0.085，ηp2=0.232]。MFO所对应的运动时间存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=14.577，P < 0.001，ηp2=0.570]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.003，95%CI(39.535，179.702)]与低氧环境组[P=0.005，95%CI(30.715，164.296)]MFO所对应的运动时间均出现降低。%MFO存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=5.992，P=0.008，ηp2=0.353]，与常规环境组相比，低氧环境组%MFO出现降低[P=0.010，95%CI(1.745，12.357)]。FATmax存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=18.429，P < 0.001，ηp2=0.626]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.001，95%CI(4.255，13.240)]与低氧环境组[P=0.001，95%CI(2.810，10.177)]的FATmax均出现降低。在脂肪氧化动力学参数方面，各组间对称性[F(2，22)=3.352，P=0.054，ηp2=0.234]与平移性[F(2，22)=0.724，P=0.496，ηp2=0.062]差异无显著性意义，而扩张性存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=5.652，P=0.010，ηp2=0.339]，与常规环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.014，95%CI(0.031，0.266)]与低氧环境组[P=0.010，95%CI(0.014，0.322)]的扩张性出现降低。在供能系统占比方面，有氧供能占比存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=5.745，P=0.010，ηp2=0.343]，与常规环境组"
相比，低氧环境组的有氧供能占比降低[P=0.016，95%CI (0.842，8.086)]。无氧糖酵解供能占比存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=10.876，P=0.001，ηp2=0.497]，与低氧环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.012，95%CI(0.434，3.453)]与常规环境组[P=0.005，95%CI(0.922，4.777)]的无氧糖酵解供能占比均出现升高。各组间无氧磷酸原供能占比差异无显著性意义[F(2，22)=1.767，P=0.194，ηp2=0.138]。如表3，图3所示。此外在相对运动负荷与绝对运动负荷下低氧环境组表现出较低的脂肪氧化率、较高的碳水化合物氧化率与较高的呼吸商，同时高温高湿组在较高的相对运动负荷与绝对运动负荷下表现出较低的脂肪氧化率与较高的呼吸商，如图4，5所示。 2.5.2 运动后能量代谢 各组间的运动后绝对过量氧耗[F(2，22)=1.423，P=0.262，ηp2=0.115]与相对过量氧耗[F(2，22)=1.956，P=0.165，ηp2=0.151]差异均无显著性意义。运动后的脂肪氧化率存在主效应显著[F(2，22)=11.031，P < 0.001，ηp2=0.501]，与低氧环境组相比，高温高湿组[P=0.018， 95%CI(0.003，0.037)]与常规环境组[P=0.006，"
95%CI(0.007，0.041)]的脂肪氧化率均出现降低。各组间的碳水化合物氧化率[F (1.356，14.913)=0.936，P=0.407，ηp2=0.078]与运动后过量能耗[F(1.348，14.824)=1.256，P=0.296，ηp2=0.103]的差异均无显著性意义，见表4。"
2.6 脂肪氧化与脱氧血红蛋白动力学参数相关性分析 ΔEHHb与对称性存在显著负相关关系(P=0.009，r=-0.430)，ΔEHHb-1与FATmax(P=0.003，r=-0.435)和MFO(P=0.037，r=-0.489)存在显著负相关关系，ΔEHHb-2与MFO存在显著正相关关系(P=0.002，r=0.494)，V?O2@BP与对称性(P=0.006，r=0.471)、扩张性(P=0.011，r=0.333)、FATmax(P=0.017，r=0.526)均存在正相关关系，见表5。 2.7 不良事件 测试过程中无不良事件发生。"
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