Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2024, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (21): 3413-3417.doi: 10.12307/2024.079

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Advantages and disadvantages of trauma effects during robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty

Yang Yongze1, Cheng Qinghao2, Zhang Anren1, Yang Xin1, Zhang Zhuangzhuang1, Fan Hua1, Zhang Fukang1, Guo Hongzhang2   

  1. 1First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 780000, Gansu Province, China; 2Fourth Ward of Department of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 780000, Gansu Province, China
  • Received:2023-04-24 Accepted:2023-05-15 Online:2024-07-28 Published:2023-09-28
  • Contact: Guo Hongzhang, MD, Chief physician, Fourth Ward of Department of Orthopedics, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 780000, Gansu Province, China
  • About author:Yang Yongze, Master candidate, First Clinical Medical College of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou 780000, Gansu Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Gansu Provincial Natural Science Foundation, No. 20JR10RA358 (to GHZ)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The application of robot-assisted technology for total knee arthroplasty is one of the current research hotspots. Since the 1980s, robot-assisted technology has been introduced into total knee arthroplasty outside China to achieve accurate osteotomy and good recovery of lower limb alignment. After decades of use, the robot has continuously improved its performance with new iterations, but has been criticized for increasing perioperative time and surgical trauma.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the advantages and disadvantages of current orthopedic surgical robots in total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS: PubMed database and CNKI were searched to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty in surgical trauma. English search terms were “arthroplasty, replacement, knee, knee replacement arthroplasty, procedure, robotic surgical, total knee arthroplasty, arthroplasty, replacement, knee, robotic-assisted”. The Chinese search terms were “robot-assisted, robotic arm, knee osteoarthritis, arthritis”. After the initial screening of all articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 62 articles with high quality and relevance were reviewed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty did not increase the degree of surgical trauma in patients, and showed a lower trauma effect than conventional manual total knee arthroplasty. (2) Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty has the advantages of accurate auxiliary osteotomy, individualized prosthesis implantation, better protection of soft tissue around the knee joint, reduction of analgesic drug use, reduction of postoperative inflammatory index changes, and shortening of hospital stay. However, there are also shortcomings such as prolonged operation time, increased complications, and increased medical costs. (3) It is concluded that preliminary clinical application studies have shown that robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty can reduce surgical trauma, but it is necessary to be alert to potential risks. Simultaneously, its exact advantages compared with conventional manual total knee arthroplasty need to be verified by large-sample randomized controlled studies and long-term follow-up.

Key words: robot assisted, total knee arthroplasty, traditional technique, knee osteoarthritis, trauma, advantages and disadvantages

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