Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (30): 4862-4868.doi: 10.12307/2023.470

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Application of the nanovesicle delivery system in cardiovascular diseases

Peng Fengli, Li Chaofu, Shi Bei   

  1. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2022-06-16 Accepted:2022-07-25 Online:2023-10-28 Published:2023-04-03
  • Contact: Shi Bei, Master, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Peng Fengli, Master candidate, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi 563000, Guizhou Province, China

Abstract: BACKGROUND: At present, the focus on cardiovascular disease treatment is mainly on precision treatment. As a natural nano delivery system, extracellular vesicles can deliver therapeutic drugs to the target location. In view of some characteristics of parent cells, it is expected to be used as an alternative therapy for cell therapy.
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the research status and latest progress of extracellular nanovesicles delivery system in cardiovascular diseases.
METHODS: The computer was used to search the related research of extracellular vesicles and use it as a nano-drug delivery system in databases such as CNKI and PubMed. Chinese and English key words were “extracellular vesicle, bionic vesicle, engineered vesicle, exosome, microvesicle, drug delivery, drug loading, nanopartical system, cardiovascular disease”. Finally, 83 articles were included for review and analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Extracellular vesicle is a kind of nanovesicles, which can transfer bioactive molecules from donor cells to recipient cells through membrane fusion, receptor ligand interaction mode, endocytosis or phagocytosis and other mechanisms. (2) Compared with traditional nanomaterials, extracellular vesicles have the advantages of biocompatibility, biodegradability, low toxicity and low immunogenicity. They are of great research significance in nanomedicine. (3) In view of the characteristics that it can be quickly cleared by the peripheral circulating mononuclear macrophage system, the nanovesicle delivery system can be constructed by means of the change of the delivery content, the modification of the extracellular vesicle membrane, the fusion and the bioengineering modification of the extracellular vesicles, so that the extracellular vesicles can avoid epidemic clearance and improve the targeting. (4) Extracellular vesicles are considered as a potential substitute for cell therapy, and have also become a nanoplatform for drug releases. It can not only avoid the immune rejection of cell transplantation, but also increase the targeting of drugs and reduce the drug toxicity to other tissues and organs. (5) Direct drug loading into extracellular vesicles may not be able to efficiently deliver to the recipient cells, which may be due to the fact that extracellular vesicles are easily phagocytized by the peripheral circulating mononuclear macrophage system. However, the nanovesicle delivery system constructed by extracellular vesicles through certain means can achieve immune escape, thus achieving the role of targeted therapy, providing a new means for the precise treatment of cardiovascular diseases. (6) The nanovesicle delivery system has a controlled-release property, which has great prospects of improving the cardioprotective potential for drugs for patients with cardiac ischemic events. (7) How to successfully construct a nanovesicle delivery system through extracellular vesicles to effectively deliver therapeutic drugs to the heart has great research values.

Key words: extracellular vesicle, bionic vesicle, engineered vesicle, exosome, microvesicle, drug delivery, drug delivery, nanopartical system, cardiovascular disease, heart

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