Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (25): 4075-4084.doi: 10.12307/2023.501

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Lubrication mechanism in articular cartilage and tribological application of biomimetic cartilage materials

Yi Jiafeng1, 2, 3, Liu Yubo1, 2, 3, Li Chao2, 3, Wang Xing4, Chai Wei2, 3   

  1. 1School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; 2Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; 3National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China; 4Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • Received:2022-07-16 Accepted:2022-08-22 Online:2023-09-08 Published:2023-01-18
  • Contact: Chai Wei, MD, Professor, Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China Wang Xing, PhD, Associate researcher, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
  • About author:Yi Jiafeng, Master candidate, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China Liu Yubo, Master candidate, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; Senior Department of Orthopedics, Fourth Medical Center of People’s Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing 100048, China; National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Beijing 100853, China
  • Supported by:
    National Key Research and Development Plan, No. 2021YFC2401303 (to LYB)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Articular cartilage has the most effective lubricated surface known in nature, such as knee, hip joints and so on. Under physiological high pressure, the friction coefficient of articular cartilage is as low as 0.001. Such low friction is indeed essential for normal joint movement. Once the cartilage wears down, it can lead to osteoarthritis. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the lubrication mechanism of articular cartilage. At the same time, with the in-depth study on the mechanism of joint lubrication, the rapid development of bionic cartilage materials also brings hope for the lubrication between articular cartilage and the treatment of cartilage damage. 
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the latest research progress of articular cartilage lubrication and tribology of biomimetic cartilage lubrication materials. 
METHODS: The research data on articular cartilage lubrication and tribology of biomimetic cartilage lubrication materials were searched on the databases of CNKI, PubMed, Semantic Scholar, ScienceDirect and Wiley Online Library by computer. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 articles were finally selected for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The lubrication of articular cartilage is not achieved by only a single mechanism, but through the joint participation of multiple mechanisms to achieve efficient lubrication. (2) At present, the main research on cartilage lubrication mechanisms mainly focuses on boundary lubrication and hydration lubrication. (3) The boundary lubrication mechanism model of cartilage lubrication mainly functions through boundary molecule such as hyaluronic acid, lubricin, phosphatidylcholine and so on. (4) Multiple molecules between cartilage promote cartilage lubrication through synergistic action, which also provides a new idea for the design of biomimetic cartilage materials. (5) Biomimetic cartilage materials used for cartilage replacement must have excellent mechanical properties and lubrication properties. At present, biomimetic cartilage materials comprehensively improve the lubrication and mechanical properties of biomedical hydrogels through surface modification and coating, so as to be applied to cartilage lubrication. (6) Biomimetic cartilage materials not only play the role of lubrication, but also can be used as the carriers to realize the purpose of drug delivery, providing a promising idea for the design of more excellent material in the future. At present, most of the biomimetic cartilage materials are at the stage of in vitro experiments or animal models, and there is still a certain distance from clinical application.

Key words: articular cartilage, articular lubrication mechanism, hydration lubrication, boundary lubrication, osteoarthritis, biomimetic cartilage material, biomedical hydrogel, tribological property, surface modification, wear resistance

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