Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (12): 2590-2604.doi: 10.12307/2025.372
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Effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular risk factor in obese or overweight populations: a Meta-analysis
Li Xiupeng1, Su Yuying1, 2, Wang Yuetong3, Peng Liang1, Wang Yida4, Jing Wen1
- 1School of Physical Education, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning Province, China; 2School of Physical Training, 3School of Education, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100086, China; 4College of Physical Education and Health, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, Liaoning Province, China
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Received:2024-04-18Accepted:2024-05-23Online:2025-04-28Published:2024-09-11 -
Contact:Su Yuying, PhD, School of Physical Education, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning Province, China; School of Physical Training, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100086, China -
About author:Li Xiupeng, School of Physical Education, Bohai University, Jinzhou 121013, Liaoning Province, China -
Supported by:Liaoning Provincial Department of Education Basic Research Project - Youth Project, No. LJKQR20222558 (to SYY); National Social Science Foundation of China - General Program, No. 22BTY080 (to JW)
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Cite this article
Li Xiupeng, Su Yuying, Wang Yuetong, Peng Liang, Wang Yida, Jing Wen. Effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular risk factor in obese or overweight populations: a Meta-analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025, 29(12): 2590-2604.
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2.1 文献检索结果 通过检索词从5个数据库中共检索出2 166篇文献，经阅读题目和摘要去除非低容量高强度间歇训练干预文献后得到46篇研究文献，最后阅读全文剔除儿童青少年干预、非肥胖/超重以及伴有其他严重疾病或并发症、物理或药物治疗、急性运动干预、非随机对照试验和对照组干预不符的文献33篇，最终纳入13篇文献[19-31]，包括英文12篇[19-26，28-31]，中文1篇[27]，见图3。 2.2 纳入文献基本特征 纳入的13篇文献中，肥胖或超重患者共包含349例[19-31]。其中，试验组全部采用低容量高强度间歇训练，方案采用自行车、循环测力计以及通过跑步和折返跑的形式进行运动。对照组采用与试验组一致的运动方式进行中等强度持续训练。干预周期为3-16周，低容量高强度间歇训练纯运动时长为5-12 min。纳入文献基本特征见表1。 2.3 纳入文献的质量评价结果 根据PEDro量表标准，对被纳入研究文献进行文章质量评价。共计筛选出13篇文献[19-31]，其中按照评分标准判定为较高质量文献的有12篇，得分在6分及以上即为较高质量文献。这些文献的评分多为6-8分，其中仅有1篇评为9分的高质量文献。综合而言，所涉及文献的纳入标准较为严格，整体上文献的方法学较为可靠，质量较高，见表2。 RoB 2.0工具评估的偏倚风险结果如图4，5所示。其中，研究均为随机对照试验，对于识别或招募偏倚和结局数据缺失的偏倚发现均有92.3%被评为“低风险”以及7.7%为“有一定风险”。对于结局测量的偏倚发现有76.0%被评为“低风险”，7.7%为“有一定风险”以及"
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15.4%为“高风险”。文献整体偏倚分析发现，61.5%被评为“低风险”，23.1%为“有一定风险”以及15.4%为“高风险”。 2.4 Meta分析结果 2.4.1 低容量高强度间歇训练对肥胖或超重人群心血管功能干预效果的Meta分析心肺适能：低容量高强度间歇训练干预共纳入11项研究的13个效应量指标，共计患者174例[19-21，23-25，27-31]。研究间存在低度异质性(I2=26.38%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练合并效应量(SMD=-0.65，95%CI：-0.87至-0.43，P < 0.05)具有显著性意义，表明低容量高强度间歇训练干预可以改善心肺适能效果，见图6。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比共纳入7项研究的8个效应量指标，共计患者175例[19-20，23-24，29-31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练合并效应量(SMD=0.18，95%CI：-0.11-0.48，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明两者干预效果无显著性差异，见图7。 收缩压：低容量高强度间歇训练干预对共纳入7项研究的8个效应量指标，共计患者111例[19-21，23，25，28，31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练合并效应量(SMD=0.38，95%CI：0.11-0.65，P < 0.05)具有显著性意义，表明低容量高强度间歇训练干预可以改善收缩压效果，见图8。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比共纳入6篇研究的7个效应量指标[19-21，23，25，31]，共计患者147例。研究间存在低度异质性(I2=3.27%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练合并效应量(SMD=0.14，95%CI：-0.18-0.46，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明两者比较干预效果无显著性差异，见图9。 舒张压：低容量高强度间歇训练干预对共纳入7项研究的8个效应量指标，共计患者111例[19-21，23，25，28，31]。研究间存在低度异质性(I2=32.29%)，故选取固定效应"
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模型。低容量高强度间歇训练合并效应量(SMD=0.42，95%CI：0.15-0.68，P < 0.05)具有显著性意义，表明低容量高强度间歇训练干预可以改善舒张压效果，见图10。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比共纳入6项研究的7个效应量指标，共计患者147例[19-21，23，25，31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练合并效应量(SMD=-0.15，95%CI：-0.46-0.17，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明两者比较干预效果无显著性差异，见图11。 综合来看，低容量高强度间歇训练可以有效提升肥胖或超重人群心肺适能水平和促使肥胖或超重人群收缩压和舒张压水平降低，并恢复到血压正常值范围。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比发现，两组干预对心血管功能指标的改善效果相似，侧面说明短时间的低容量高强度间歇训练相比于长时间的中等强度持续训练更具有时间效益。 2.4.2 低容量高强度间歇训练对肥胖或超重人群体脂干预效果的Meta分析结果 见表3。 标准体质量：低容量高强度间歇训练干预研究纳入11项研究的12个效应量，共计患者136例[19-21，23-29，31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练干预效果(SMD=0.14，95%CI：-0.08-0.35，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比研究纳入9项研究的10个效应量，共计患者193例[19-26，31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练干预效果(SMD=0.18，95%CI：-0.11-0.48，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。 体质量指数：低容量高强度间歇训练干预研究纳入11项研究的12个效应量，共计患者136例[19-21，23-29，31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练干预效果(SMD=0.15，"
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95%CI：-0.08-0.38，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比研究纳入8项研究的10个效应量，共计患者193例[19-21，23-26，31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练干预效果(SMD=-0.03，95%CI：-0.33-0.27，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。 体脂百分比：低容量高强度间歇训练干预研究纳入8项研究的9个效应量，共计患者109例[19-20，24，26-30]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练干预效果(SMD=0.25，95%CI：0.02-0.49，P < 0.05)具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量具有显著性效果。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比研究纳入5项研究的4个效应量，共计患者91例[19，20，24-26]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练干预效果(SMD=0.09，95%CI：-0.26-0.45，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。 综合来看，低容量高强度间歇训练可以显著降低超重或肥胖人群体脂百分比(P < 0.05)，但对标准体质量和身体质量分数改善无效果(P > 0.05)。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比对体脂干预效果3个指标方面均无显著优势(P > 0.05)，说明低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练干预效果相同，因此研究推断可能存在潜在的优势，但由于纳入相关研究较少，未来仍需相关研究验证在该方面的有效性。目前低容量高强度间歇训练在改善体脂方面效果虽然具有潜在优势，但仅在改善体脂百分比方面具有显著性效果，且支撑相关结果的试验数据偏少，故不进行低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练两者间亚组分析、敏感性分析以及发表偏倚检验。 2.4.3 低容量高强度间歇训练对肥胖或超重人群血脂干预效果的Meta分析结果 见表4。"
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三酰甘油：低容量高强度间歇训练干预研究纳入10项研究的13个效应量，共计患者165例[19-23，25-26，28，30-31]。 研究间存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练干预效果(SMD=0.08，95%CI：-0.14-0.30，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比共纳入8项研究的10个效应量，共计患者198例[19-23，25-26，31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练干预效果(SMD=-0.30，95%CI：-0.57至-0.02，P < 0.05)具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量具有显著性效果。 总胆固醇：低容量高强度间歇训练干预研究纳入9项研究的11个效应量，共计患者141例[19-21，23，25-26，28，30-31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练干预效果(SMD=0.11，95%CI：-0.13-0.36，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比共纳入7项研究的8个效应量，共计患者165例[19-21，23，25-26，31]。研究间存在低度异质性(I2=45.0%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练干预效果(SMD=0.03，95%CI：-0.41-0.47，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。 高密度脂蛋白：低容量高强度间歇训练干预研究纳入8项研究的11个效应量，共计患者140例[19-23，28，30-31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练干预效果(SMD=-0.16，95%CI：-0.39-0.08，P > 0.05)不具有显著性差异。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比共纳入6项研究的8个效应量，共计患者149例[19-23，31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练干预效果(SMD=0.29，95%CI：-0.03-0.60，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。 低密度脂蛋白：低容量高强度间歇训练干预研究纳入7项研究的9个效应量，共计患者116例[19-21，23，28，30-31]。研究间不存在异质性(I2=0.00%)，故选取固定效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练干预效果(SMD=0.22，95%CI：-0.04-0.48，P > 0.05)不具有显著性差异。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练相比共纳入5项研究的6个效应量，共计患者116例[19-21，23，31]。研究间存在中度异质性(I2=60.0%)，故选取随机效应模型。低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练干预效果(SMD=-0.08，95%CI：-0.67-0.50，P > 0.05)不具有显著性意义，表明合并效应量不具有显著性效果。 综上所述，低容量高强度间歇训练对超重或肥胖人群的三酰甘油、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白指标没有改善效果(P > 0.05)。但两者对比发现，中等强度持续训练对三酰甘油干预效果优于低容量高强度间歇训练(P < 0.05)，但在改善总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白方面两者效果相当，因此研究推断可能存在具有中等强度持续训练类似的效果，但由于纳入相关研究较少，未来仍需相关研究验证在该方面的有效性。目前低容量高强度间歇训练在改善血脂方面的效果仍待考究，但支撑相关结果的试验数据偏少，故不进行低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练两者间亚组分析、敏感性分析以及发表偏倚检验。 2.4.4 亚组分析结果 设置调节变量对心脏适能、舒张压、收缩压指标进行低容量高强度间歇训练与中等强度持续训练亚组分析，经研究发现两组间异质性均小于50%，故合并效应量选取固定效应模型，见表5。干预类型方面，双臂试验和多臂试验对3个指标干预效果均无显著优势。样本量大小方面，小样本和大样本对3个指标干预效果均无显著优势。干预周期方面，干预小于8周、8周以及大于8周干预对3个指标干预效果均无显著优势。干预频次方面，干预2次/周和3次/周对3个指标均干预效果无显著优势。干预时间方面，干预t≤10 min和10 min < t≤15 min两者干预效果相似，且低容量高强度间歇训练更具有时间效益。 2.5 敏感性分析结果 为保证Meta分析结果的可靠性，文章进行了Leave-One-Out敏感性分析，即逐一移除每项研究并重新估算总体合并效应量的效果，以此考察任一单项研究对总体结果的影响，结果如图12-14所示。结果显示，有3项指标整体效应量在逐一剔除仍表现为一致性。这说明该Meta分析的结论对于个别研究影响不敏感，结果较为稳定，"
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研究质量较高。 2.6 发表偏倚检验结果 发表偏倚是对系统评价中结果是否存在偏倚的一种检验，但由于研究纳入文献过少，该研究联合使用漏斗图结合Egger检验评估纳入研究整体的发表偏倚规模，即低容量高强度间歇训练相比于中等强度持续训练对心肺适能、收缩压和舒张压3个指标进行定性和定量分析[32]。Egger法检验结果，见表6，3个指标的P > 0.05，所有指标的发表偏倚漏斗图具有统计学上的显著对称性。因此，综合判断纳入的所有文献均不存在发表偏倚，见图15。"
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