Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2021, Vol. 25 ›› Issue (2): 322-328.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2957

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Gingival retraction: application profiles and hot spotlights

Li Rong1, Zuo Enjun2    

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China; 2Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
  • Received:2020-01-14 Revised:2020-01-16 Accepted:2020-03-18 Online:2021-01-18 Published:2020-11-14
  • Contact: Zuo Enjun, MD, Associate chief physician, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, Liaoning Province, China
  • About author:Li Rong, Master candidate, School of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, Liaoning Province, China

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The peri-implant tissue is very different from the periodontal tissue of natural teeth, so the response to the mechanical and chemical stimulation during gingival retraction must be different.
OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical effects and application status of all kinds of gingival retraction systems, and describe the study prospect of gingival retraction around implants, attempting to help clinicians choose a better gingival retraction method.
METHODS: Based on Chinese search terms “gingival retraction; gingival retraction time; gingival displacement effect” and “peri-implant tissue; adhesive; temporary crown; wedge-shaped defect; laser,” the authors searched and matched relevant documents in CNKI, WanFang database, VIP database from 2007 to 2019. And with the English search terms “gingival retraction; gingival; implant; temporary crown,” the authors searched for relevant literature in PubMed database. After reading title, abstract and full-text selection of literature, 60 articles were finally included for review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gingivlal retraction is a kind of technique that makes gingival tissue retract and produces both horizontal and vertical displacement, which separates free gingival margin from tooth surface. It has a requirement of at least 0.2 mm gingival sulcus width in order to create a clean, dry and clear-view working environment. It is convenient for clinicians to prepare the shoulder, make impression and repair wedge-shaped defect. The clinicians can also improve the edge suitability of restoration and restoration effect, reducing the complications. The gingival retraction process itself is a sort of stimulation to periodontal tissue and it causes a certain degree of damage to periodontal tissue. The damage will not recover to the pre-gingival level and cause slight permanent gingival recession. According to the amount of permanent gingival recession, clinicians can determine the position of abutment shoulder to prevent the exposure of crown edge from affecting the aesthetics. There are many factors that affect the effect of gingival retraction, the dentist needs to select the suitable gingival retraction method for the patient according to the patient’s oral and systemic conditions and in combination with the advantages and disadvantages of gingival retraction methods, in order to minimize the damage to the periodontal tissue. At present, there are many methods of gingival retraction, which can reach the required gingival sulcus width.

Key words: tooth, gingival retraction, gingival sulcus width, laser, gingival bleeding, implant denture, adhesive, periodontal tissue, wedge-shape defect, magic foam cord 

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