Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (26): 6840-6848.doi: 10.12307/2026.761

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Preparation and biocompatibility of odanacatib microspheres-gel composite sustained-release carrier 

Lyu Tianyang1, Li Ning1, Huang Shuo2, Liu Changkui2, Guo Yayuan2, 3, Hu Kaijin1, 2, 3   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China; 2Xian Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Stomatognathic System Disorders, School of Stomatology of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China; 3The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi Province, China
  • Accepted:2025-09-30 Online:2026-09-18 Published:2026-03-12
  • Contact: Guo Yayuan, MD, Lecturer, Xian Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Stomatognathic System Disorders, School of Stomatology of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi Province, China Hu Kaijin, Doctoral supervisor, Chief physician, School of Stomatology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China; Xian Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Control of Stomatognathic System Disorders, School of Stomatology of Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, Shaanxi Province, China; The Third Affiliated Hospital, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710065, Shaanxi Province, China
  • About author:Lyu Tianyang, MS candidate, School of Stomatology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121000, Liaoning Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Key R&D Project of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology, No. 2024SF-YBXM-434 (to HKJ); Major Project of Xi’an Science and Technology Bureau, No. 23LLRHZDZX0010 (to HKJ); Shaanxi Provincial Department of Education Key Project - University Engineering Research Center Project, No. 24JR145 (to HS); Basic Research Project of Natural Science of Shaanxi Provincial Department of Science and Technology, No. 2025JC-YBQN-1274 (to GYY)

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Abstract: BACKGROUND: Odanacatib effectively exerts anti-inflammatory effects and promotes alveolar bone repair in periodontitis-affected areas. However, multiple injections are required to ensure efficacy, which is cumbersome. 
OBJECTIVE: To prepare an odanacatib-loaded microsphere-gel composite sustained-release carrier and characterize its biocompatibility.  
METHODS: (1) Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres (ODN-MS) loaded with varying amounts of odanacatib were prepared by an emulsification-solvent evaporation method. Microspheres prepared with 5 mg of odanacatib and 40 mg of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) were selected for subsequent experiments based on drug loading and encapsulation efficiency. A gel composite sustained-release carrier (ODN-MS-Gel) was prepared by mixing varying amounts of ODN-MS with a gelatin methacryloyl solution. The ODN-MS mass concentrations were 250 and 500 μg/mL, respectively. The micromorphology and in vitro drug release properties of the ODN-MS and 250 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel were characterized. (2) Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured using extracts of gelatin methacryloyl gel, extracts of a composite sustained-release carrier loaded with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres, and extracts of 250 and 500 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 assay. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured using extracts of gelatin methacryloyl gel, extracts of a composite sustained-release carrier loaded with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres, and extracts of 250 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel, respectively. Cell viability was assessed by live/dead staining. Rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were seeded onto gelatin methacryloyl gel, a composite sustained-release carrier loaded with poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres, and 250 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel, respectively. Cell adhesion was observed by phalloidin staining and scanning electron microscopy.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Optical microscopy revealed that the ODN-MS was spherical, uniformly distributed, and free of agglomerates. Scanning electron microscopy revealed a fine porous structure on the surface of ODN-MS. The 250 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel hydrogel exhibited a porous structure, with ODN-MS distributed throughout the hydrogel's porous structure. Both ODN-MS and 250 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel achieved sustained drug release, with the 250 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel system exhibiting a more gradual release, demonstrating a dual sustained-release effect. (2) CCK-8 assay revealed that the 250 and 500 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel extracts promoted the proliferation of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Live/dead staining revealed that the 250 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel extract did not affect the viability of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Phalloidin staining and scanning electron microscopy revealed that the 250 μg/mL ODN-MS-Gel promoted the adhesion of rabbit bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared with the other two materials. The results verify that ODN-MS-Gel can achieve sustained release of odanacatib and has good biocompatibility.

Key words: odanacatib, poly(lactide-co-glycolic acid) microsphere, gelatin methacryloyl, drug sustained release, biocompatibility, periodontitis

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