Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (13): 3402-3411.doi: 10.12307/2026.203

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Exosome loading mode of therapeutic adipose derived stem cells

Ji Demin, Ma Zhihong   

  1. Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • Accepted:2025-09-16 Online:2026-05-08 Published:2025-12-26
  • Contact: Ma Zhihong, Chief physician, Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Ji Demin, MS, Attending physician, Department of Plastic Surgery and Burns, Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010000, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exosomes secreted by adipose derived stem cells are membrane vesicles with a diameter of 30-150 nm, containing bioactive molecules such as proteins, noncoding RNAs (miRNAs, long noncoding RNAs) and lipids. In recent years, studies have found that exosomes secreted by adipose derived stem cells play a key role in tissue repair, immune regulation, angiogenesis and other pathophysiological processes by mediating intercellular communication. However, the characteristics of exosomes that are easy to be rapidly cleared in the circulatory system limit their clinical application. Optimizing exosome delivery system by developing new loading technology has become an important strategy to improve its therapeutic efficacy.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of different loading delivery systems of therapeutic adipose stem cell-derived exosomes.
METHODS: The relevant articles included in CNKI and PubMed were retrieved from database inception to 2025. Chinese and English search terms were “adipose derived stem cells, exosomes, delivery system, hydrogel, metal-organic framework, synthetic polymer scaffolds.” Finally, 50 articles were selected for summary. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The stability, targeting and therapeutic efficacy of exosomes have been significantly improved through the innovation of loading materials such as hydrogels, metal organic frameworks and synthetic polymer scaffolds. The biocompatibility of natural hydrogels combined with the environmental responsiveness of smart hydrogels realized the controlled release and precise delivery of exosomes. The synergistic effect of the porous structure of metal organic frameworks and exosomes shows unique advantages in the field of bone regeneration and anti-inflammation. The functional design of synthetic scaffolds provides a biomimetic microenvironment for complex tissue repair. However, current research is still limited to the cell and animal experiment stage, and more experiments are needed to confirm its safety and effectiveness. Future research needs to further optimize the biocompatibility and loading efficiency of materials, explore the synergistic effect of multimodal delivery system, and strengthen the long-term safety evaluation, so as to promote the transition of loading technology of exosomes secreted by adipose derived stem cells from laboratory to clinic, and provide a new paradigm for regenerative medicine and personalized treatment.

Key words: adipose derived stem cell, exosome, delivery system, hydrogel, metal-organic framework, synthetic polymer scaffold

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