Effect of whole‑body vibration training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta‑analysis

doi:10.12307/2025.721

Abstract

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To conduct a meta-analysis of evaluating the effects of whole-body vibration training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
METHODS: We searched CNKI, WanFang, PubMed, and Web of Science for studies on whole body vibration training to improve bone mineral density in postmenopausal women from database inception to April 3, 2024, with the search terms whole-body vibration training, postmenopausal women, osteoporosis, and bone mineral density. Included indicators were lumbar spine (L1-L4, L2-L4), femoral neck, greater trochanter, Ward’s triangle, and whole-body bone density. Revman 5.3 and R 4.3.3 were used for data analysis.
RESULTS: (1) A total of 28 randomized controlled studies were included. (2) Vibration intensity: Vibration frequency ≥ 20 Hz and amplitude ≥ 2 mm could significantly increase the bone mineral density of the femoral neck, greater trochanter, Ward region, L1-L4 and L2-L4 lumbar vertebrae (P < 0.01, I2 > 50%). (3) Training period and frequency: 2-3 times per week, 48-96 times per week, the bone mineral density at each site increased significantly (P < 0.05, I2 < 50%). (4) Movement patterns: Dynamic training significantly increased bone mineral density in the femoral neck (P=0.03, I2=0%), greater trochanter (P < 0.001, I2=0%) and Ward region (P < 0.001, I2=0%); static squat significantly increased bone mineral density in L1-L4 lumbar spines (P < 0.001, I2=0%); and static multiple squatting was effective in improving bone mineral density in L2-L4 lumbar spines (P < 0.01, I2=0%) and the femoral neck (P=0.04, I2=34%).
Conclusion: Whole-body vibration training has potential in improving bone mineral density in postmenopausal women. Recommended vibration frequencies and amplitudes are not less than 20 Hz and 2 mm, respectively, with no less than 48 training sessions. Static training is recommended for improving lumbar bone mineral density, while dynamic training is recommended for improving hip bone mineral density.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：组织构建；骨细胞；软骨细胞；细胞培养；成纤维细胞；血管内皮细胞；骨质疏松；组织工程

Key words: postmenopausal women, bone mineral density, whole-body vibration training, vibration frequency, vibration amplitude, training period, movement pattern, meta-analysis

CLC Number:

Qiao Zhengji, Chai Niubing, Zheng Luyao, Gao Yunna, Wang Yang. Effect of whole‑body vibration training on bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta‑analysis [J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2025, 29(24): 5195-5202.

Figures/Tables 7

腿下蹲训练；振动频率范围为12.6-90 Hz，振动幅度为90 μm-12 mm。 2.3 初步分析与敏感性分析初步分析结果如图2所示。全身振动训练对股骨颈(P=0.02，I2=0%)、大转子(P < 0.001，I2=10%)、Ward区域(P < 0.001，I2=0%)和L2-L4腰椎(P=0.02，I2=0%)等部位的骨密度影响显著，对L1-L4腰椎骨密度(P=0.13，I2=63%)和全身骨密度(P=0.49，I2=17%)影响不显著。 2.4 发表偏倚分析采用egger test回归进行发表偏倚的影响分析，如表3所示，仅L1-L4骨密度指标发表结果可能存在发表偏倚。 2.5 亚组分析表4为亚组分组情况与分析结果，仅1项研究采用50% 1RM负重，故尚未按负重划分亚组。 2.6 振动强度振动频率≥20 Hz且振幅≥2 mm能够更明显地提高股骨颈、大转子、Ward区域、L1-L4腰椎和L2-L4腰椎骨密度(P < 0.01)；振动频率< 20 Hz且振幅≥2 mm时，仅股骨颈和大转子满足亚组分析条件，骨密度变化不显著(P > 0.05，I2=0%)。振动频率≥20 Hz且振幅< 2 mm时，仅股骨颈、Ward区域、L1-L4腰椎满足亚组分析条件，骨密度变化不显著(P > 0.05，I2=0%)。 2.7 训练频率与周期每周进行两三次训练，训练总课次达到48-96次时，股骨颈、大转子、Ward区域、L1-L4腰椎和L2-L4腰椎骨密度均显著提高(P < 0.05，I2< 10%)。训练次数低于48次时，仅股骨颈、L2-L4腰椎和全身骨密度满足亚组分析条件，骨密度变化不显著(P > 0.05，I2=0%)。训练次数高于96次，仅股骨颈和L1-L4腰椎满足亚组分析条件，骨密度变化不显著(P > 0.05，I2=0%)。 2.8 动作模式动态训练能够显著提高股骨颈(P=0.03，I2=0%)、大转子(P < 0.001，I2=0%)和Ward区域(P < 0.001，I2=0%)的骨密度。静蹲能显著提高L1-L4腰椎(P < 0.001，I2=0%)的骨密度；静态多种动作能有效提高股骨颈(P=0.04，I2=34%)和L2-L4腰椎(P < 0.01，I2=0%)的骨密度。"

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