Structural design of tibial intramedullary stem of artificial knee joint

doi:10.12307/2024.093

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: With social progress, the incidence rate of knee osteoarthritis is getting higher and higher in the face of the rapidly developing aging problem in the social population, and the number of total knee replacement operations is gradually increasing.
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationship between prosthesis size and stress shielding by improving the tibial prosthesis base.
METHODS: A female patient with severe knee osteoarthritis was selected. Based on Mimics, through extracting the bone structure of the knee joint and simulating the total knee replacement surgery, osteotomy, positioning, and implantation operations were carried out to establish the geometric modeling of the total knee replacement prosthesis (including the femoral prosthesis, tibial bracket, and tibial pad), and improve the design of the tibial prosthesis base, analyze the effect of different tibial prosthesis bases on stress shielding of surrounding bone tissue.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Compared with single-stem tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis, the design of four-post tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis created a certain degree of stress shielding around the short stem. However, compared with a thicker single long stem, this stress shielding effect was significantly reduced, and the load was evenly distributed among the four short stems, so there was no stress concentration at the bottom of the pile. (2) The design with a rectangular hole in the middle not only provided relatively good stability, but also helped to reduce stress shielding of cancellous bone to a certain extent, with a reduction rate of 77.5%. (3) Compared with a single-stem tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis, both the four-post tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis and the four-post tibial intramedullary stem prosthesis with a hole in the middle have good stability, which can reduce stress shielding to a certain extent without causing stress concentration, providing theoretical guidance for the design of the tibial intramedullary stem.

Key words: structure design, knee joint, tibial base, numerical simulation, prosthesis design, stress shielding, artificial joint, tibial intramedullary stem

CLC Number:

Cao Xuekun, Dong Wanpeng, Dong Yuefu, Zhang Zhen, Zhang Jichao, Li Jiayi, Su Dejun, Ma Honghao. Structural design of tibial intramedullary stem of artificial knee joint[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2024, 28(21): 3326-3333.

Figures/Tables 16

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