Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2023, Vol. 27 ›› Issue (4): 505-512.doi: 10.12307/2022.800
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Liang Xiao, Zhao Panchao, Li Jiahui, Ji Zhongqiu, Jiang Guiping
Received:
2021-10-08
Accepted:
2021-11-20
Online:
2023-02-08
Published:
2022-06-22
Contact:
Ji Zhongqiu, MD, Doctoral supervisor, Professor, School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
About author:
Liang Xiao, Master candidate, School of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Liang Xiao, Zhao Panchao, Li Jiahui, Ji Zhongqiu, Jiang Guiping. Gait and biomechanical characteristics of lower limbs in multi-task walking of 4-6-year-old children[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2023, 27(4): 505-512.
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三大关节的关节反应力-步态周期图像呈现出相同的特点,即2个局部最大值中间出现局部最小值。结合图表可知,髋膝踝三关节在3种任务条件下的峰值时刻各具一致性。髋关节约在11%步态周期时达第一次最大值(MAX1),并为整个步态周期的最大值,此时右腿正处于刚触地之后的支撑阶段;在步态周期的42%左右达第二次最大值(MAX2),此时对应右腿离地阶段。膝关节的情况类似,第一次达最大值约在步态周期的12%;第二次达最大值在步态周期的45%,为整个步态周期的最大值。踝关节在右腿脚跟触地的瞬间便达到第一次最大值,即为整个步态周期的最大值;在46%步态周期左右达到第二次最大值,此时三任务行走的峰值高于单任务与双任务行走,但差异无显著性意义。 2.5.2 关节力矩 髋、膝、踝三大关节在一个步态周期内的关节力矩图像见图5,包括髋关节外展、屈曲和外旋,膝、踝关节屈曲和距下关节外翻运动。由图可知,行走时三大关节在3种任务状况下各自运动水平的关节力矩-步态周期图像趋势一致。髋关节外展时,关节力矩图像类似马鞍形;髋关节屈曲力矩图类似余弦图像;而髋关节外旋力矩图类似正弦图像;膝、踝关节屈曲的图像走势一致,类似于波浪形;而距下关节外翻时的关节力矩图像呈现出反波浪形。 "
2.5.3 肌肉力 对选取的26块下肢肌肉在一个步态周期内肌肉力的最大值进行重复测量ANOVA后的结果显示,只有少数肌肉显示出性别差异或任务差异或任务×性别的交互效应,见图7,具体表现在:①缝匠肌出现了显著的性别差异,男孩的缝匠肌肌力明显高于女孩(F=4.822,P=0.042,η2=0.221);②股薄肌、长收肌、大收肌中束、短收肌和闭孔外肌均出现了显著的任务差异,其中,股薄肌、长收肌、短收肌和闭孔外肌的DTW的肌力最大值明显低于STW和TTW(F=5.682,P=0.007,η2=0.251;F=4.085,P=0.026,η2=0.194;F=3.874,P=0.031,η2=0.186;F=5.634,P=0.008,η2=0.249),股薄肌和大收肌中束肌力最大值表现为TTW显著高于DTW(F=5.682,P=0.007,η2=0.251;F=4.559,P=0.018,η2=0.211),而DTW与STW之间无明显差异;③闭孔内肌出现任务×性别的交互效应(F=4.978,P=0.013,η2=0.227),男孩的肌力最大值趋势为STW < DTW < TTW,而女孩的肌力最大值趋势为DTW < TTW < STW;其余未见显著性差异。"
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