中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (19): 4890-4896.doi: 10.12307/2026.248

• 脐带脐血干细胞 umbilical cord blood stem cells • 上一篇    下一篇

移植人脐带间充质干细胞修复新生大鼠脑白质损伤髓鞘化障碍

张书绢1,徐倩倩1,王  超1,李芸慧2,朱艳萍3   

  1. 1新疆医科大学儿科学院,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830054;2皖南医学院研究生院,安徽省芜湖市   241002;3新疆医科大学第一附属医院新生儿科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市   830054
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-10 接受日期:2025-11-30 出版日期:2026-07-08 发布日期:2026-02-14
  • 通讯作者: 朱艳萍,博士,主任医师,新疆医科大学第一附属医院新生儿科,新疆维吾尔自治区乌鲁木齐市 830054
  • 作者简介:张书绢,女,1996年生,硕士,主要从事新生儿疾病方向的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(地区科学基金项目)(82060288),项目负责人:朱艳萍

Transplantation of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells to repair myelination disorders in neonatal rats with white matter injury

Zhang Shujuan1, Xu Qianqian1, Wang Chao1, Li Yunhui2, Zhu Yanping3   

  1. 1School of Pediatrics, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Graduate School of Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, Anhui Province, China; 3Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2025-09-10 Accepted:2025-11-30 Online:2026-07-08 Published:2026-02-14
  • Contact: Zhu Yanping, MD, Chief physician, Department of Neonatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Zhang Shujuan, MS, School of Pediatrics, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China (Regional Science Foundation Project), No. 82060288 (to ZYP)

摘要:

文题释义:

新生大鼠脑白质损伤模型:大鼠在出生后第2-4天建立新生大鼠脑白质损伤模型,其脑发育阶段相当于人类胎龄24-32周,是早产儿脑白质发育的关键窗口期。常用方法主要有脂多糖诱导炎症、缺氧缺血处理或两者结合,以模拟临床早产儿感染和缺血缺氧的病因学背景。该模型能在分子与组织学层面再现髓鞘生成障碍、少突胶质细胞成熟停滞和神经炎症等病理特征,并在行为学实验中表现为学习和记忆功能缺陷。因此,该模型不仅可用于研究发病机制,也为验证干细胞治疗等新干预手段提供了可量化和可重复的实验平台。
少突胶质细胞:是中枢神经系统中负责髓鞘形成的主要细胞,分化过程呈现高度阶段性。首先,少突胶质前体细胞起源于胚胎神经管,具有增殖和迁移能力,常用标志物为神经胶质抗原2和血小板源性生长因子受体α;随后进入髓鞘形成前阶段,这是由前体细胞向成熟少突胶质细胞分化的关键过渡期,易受损伤和炎症影响,特征分子包括被O4抗体识别的硫酸化半乳糖神经鞘脂以及被O1抗体识别的半乳糖神经鞘脂;最终细胞分化为成熟少突胶质细胞,能够合成和维持髓鞘,典型标志物为髓鞘碱性蛋白、髓鞘少突胶质糖蛋白等。

摘要
背景:髓鞘化障碍是早产儿脑白质损伤的核心特征。近年来,人脐带间充质干细胞用于多种脑损伤动物模型研究中,显示具有修复髓鞘的能力。阐明人脐带间充质干细胞促进神经髓鞘化的调控机制,将有助于优化治疗策略并推动临床应用转化。
目的:探讨人脐带间充质干细胞对脑白质损伤新生大鼠少突胶质细胞谱系成熟停滞所致髓鞘化障碍的修复作用。
方法:选取72只2日龄Sprague-Dawley大鼠,随机分为假手术组、脑白质损伤组和人脐带间充质干细胞移植组,每组24只。采用小剂量脂多糖联合缺氧缺血建立新生大鼠脑白质损伤模型。造模后第14天,通过苏木精-伊红染色观察脑白质病理改变,结合免疫组织化学染色、蛋白免疫印迹实验和实时荧光定量聚合酶链式反应联合检测少突胶质细胞系转录因子2、神经胶质抗原2、髓鞘碱性蛋白阳性表达、蛋白及mRNA表达水平。造模后第28天,通过劳克坚牢蓝染色观察神经髓鞘形成情况,通过莫里斯水迷宫实验测试大鼠空间学习记忆能力。
结果与结论:①造模后第14天,苏木精-伊红染色结果显示:脑白质损伤组大量细胞变性坏死及神经纤维排列紊乱;人脐带间充质干细胞移植组细胞形态接近正常,神经纤维排列较为整齐;②造模后第14天,各组间少突胶质细胞系转录因子2阳性表达、蛋白及mRNA表达水平无统计学差异(P > 0.05);与假手术组相比,脑白质损伤组神经胶质抗原2阳性表达、蛋白及mRNA表达水平上调(P < 0.05),而髓鞘碱性蛋白阳性表达、蛋白及mRNA表达水平下调(P < 0.05);与脑白质损伤组相比,人脐带间充质干细胞移植组神经胶质抗原2阳性表达、蛋白及mRNA表达水平下调(P < 0.05),而髓鞘碱性蛋白阳性表达、蛋白及mRNA表达水平上调(P < 0.05);③造模后第28 天,劳克坚牢蓝染色结果显示:与假手术组相比,脑白质损伤组神经髓鞘表达减少(P < 0.05);与脑白质损伤组相比,人脐带间充质干细胞移植组神经髓鞘表达增加(P < 0.05);④造模后第28 天,莫里斯水迷宫结果显示:与假手术组相比,脑白质损伤组逃避潜伏期时间延长、穿越平台次数减少(P < 0.05);与脑白质损伤组相比,人脐带间充质干细胞移植组逃避潜伏期时间缩短、穿越平台次数增加(P < 0.05);各组间平均游泳距离无统计学差异(P > 0.05)。结果表明,人脐带间充质干细胞可促进脑白质损伤新生大鼠少突胶质细胞谱系发育成熟,修复髓鞘化障碍并改善认知功能。

关键词: 人脐带间充质干细胞, 脑白质损伤, 少突胶质细胞, 髓鞘, 新生大鼠

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Myelination deficits are a core feature of white matter injury in preterm infants. In recent years, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have been applied in various animal models of brain injury, demonstrating the capacity to promote myelin repair. Elucidating the regulatory mechanisms by which human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells enhance neural myelination will contribute to optimizing therapeutic strategies and facilitating clinical translation.
OBJECTIVE: To clarify the reparative effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells on myelination disorders caused by maturation arrest of the oligodendrocyte lineage in neonatal rats with white matter injury.
METHODS: Seventy-two two-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sham-operated group, a white matter injury group, and a human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group, with twenty-four rats in each group. A neonatal rat white matter injury model was established by a combination of low-dose lipopolysaccharide and hypoxia-ischemia. Fourteen days after modeling, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe pathological changes in white matter. Immunohistochemistry, western blotting, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were used to detect the positive expression, protein expression, and mRNA expression levels of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2, glial antigen 2, and myelin basic protein. Twenty-eight days after modeling, Luxol fast blue staining was performed to observe myelin formation, and the Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial learning and memory ability.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Fourteen days after modeling, hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that a large number of cells in the white matter injury group were degenerated and necrotic, and the arrangement of nerve fibers was disordered; while the cell morphology in the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group was close to normal, and the nerve fibers were arranged more neatly. (2) On day 14 after modeling, there was no statistically significant difference in the positive expression, protein, and mRNA levels of oligodendrocyte transcription factor 2 among the groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the sham-operated group, the positive expression, protein, and mRNA levels of glial antigen 2 in the white matter injury group were upregulated (P < 0.05), while the positive expression, protein, and mRNA levels of myelin basic protein were downregulated (P < 0.05). Compared with the white matter injury group, the positive expression, protein, and mRNA levels of glial antigen 2 in the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group were downregulated (P < 0.05), while the positive expression, protein, and mRNA levels of myelin basic protein were upregulated (P < 0.05). (3) On day 28 after modeling, Luxol fast blue staining results showed that compared with the sham-operated group, the white matter injury group had decreased myelin expression (P < 0.05). Compared with the white matter injury group, the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group had increased myelin expression (P < 0.05). (4) On day 28 after modeling, Morris water maze results showed that compared with the sham-operated group, the white matter injury group had prolonged escape latency and decreased platform crossing times (P < 0.05). Compared with the white matter injury group, the human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation group had shortened escape latency and increased platform crossing times (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in average swimming distance between the groups (P > 0.05). These results suggest that human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells can promote the maturation of oligodendrocytes in neonatal rats with white matter injury, repair myelination disorders, and improve cognitive function.

Key words: human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells, white matter injury, oligodendrocytes, myelin sheath, neonatal rats

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