中国组织工程研究 ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (14): 3663-3674.doi: 10.12307/2026.107

• 复合支架材料 composite scaffold materials • 上一篇    下一篇

天然多孔生物二氧化硅负载莫匹罗星治疗感染性创面

张春龙1,彭保卫1,常  江2,杨  晨2,徐宇虹1   

  1. 1大理大学,云南省大理市   671000;2国科温州研究院(温州生物材料与工程研究所),浙江省温州市   325000
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-14 接受日期:2025-06-09 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2025-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 杨晨,副研究员,国科温州研究院(温州生物材料与工程研究所),浙江省温州市 325000 徐宇虹,教授,大理大学,云南省大理市 671000
  • 作者简介:张春龙,男,1998年生,山东省临沂市人,汉族,硕士,主要从事天然生物硅酸盐材料在促进组织再生方面的应用研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国科温州研究院重大项目(WIUCASQD2021030),课题名称:硅基生物活性材料的开发与应用研究,项目负责人:杨晨

Natural porous biosilica loaded with mupirocin for treatment of infectious wounds

Zhang Chunlong1, Peng Baowei1, Chang Jiang2, Yang Chen2, Xu Yuhong1   

  1. 1Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China; 2Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2025-03-14 Accepted:2025-06-09 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2025-09-12
  • Contact: Yang Chen, Associate researcher, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China Xu Yuhong, Professor, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
  • About author:Zhang Chunlong, MM, Dali University, Dali 671000, Yunnan Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Major Project of Guoke Wenzhou Research Institute, No. WIUCASQD2021030 (to YC)

摘要:

文题释义:
天然多孔生物二氧化硅:即硅藻壳,主要成分是生物二氧化硅,是一种高度有序的硅酸盐结构。硅藻壳通常呈双层结构,由2个半壳组成并通过边缘相互嵌合,形成一个封闭的壳体,表面具有纹饰和微小的孔隙,排列复杂且精美,为硅藻提供了一层坚固的保护屏障。
感染创面:创伤后创面受到病原微生物(如细菌、真菌等)侵袭导致局部组织发炎、坏死和分泌物增多,影响创面愈合过程。感染创面的处理对于促进创面愈合、防止并发症至关重要。

背景:合成介孔二氧化硅可作为药物输送载体用于创面治疗,但该载体合成过程相对复杂且合成过程中需要使用有毒化学物质。
目的:从硅藻中提取天然多孔二氧化硅来实现抗生素莫匹罗星的高效装载,用于感染创面的治疗。
方法:①通过高温烧结法分别从菱形藻、直链藻与双眉藻中提取硅藻壳(天然多孔二氧化硅),表征3种硅藻壳的形貌、尺寸、孔结构与生物相容性。将合成介孔二氧化硅与3种硅藻壳分别浸泡于莫匹罗星溶液中制备载药系统,检测载药量、包封率与体外药物释放行为,根据载药量和包封率筛选合适的硅藻壳进行后续实验。通过抑菌圈实验与体外药物释放行为中收集的含有莫匹罗星上清液检测直链藻壳对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的抑制效果。②取12只SD大鼠,在每只大鼠背部制作2个直径1.0 cm的圆形全厚皮肤创面,并将金黄色葡萄球菌菌液滴加至创面。菌液滴加24 h后随机分4组干预:空白组(n=3)创面不进行任何干预,莫匹罗星组(n=3)创面滴加莫匹罗星溶液,直链藻壳组(n=3)创面滴加直链硅藻壳溶液,载药直链藻壳组(n=3)创面滴加负载莫匹罗星的直链硅藻壳溶液,观察创面愈合情况。干预后第6,24小时,通过琼脂平板涂布实验检测抗菌效应。干预后第 9天取创面边缘组织,通过苏木精-伊红染色与Masson染色进行组织学观察。
结果与结论:①不同硅藻壳具有不同的壳状结构,展示出了天然硅藻壳精致的微纳米结构,≤ 25 μg/mL的菱形藻壳、直链藻壳、双眉藻壳对人脐静脉内皮细胞与L929细胞均无明显的细胞毒性,展现出与人工合成介孔二氧化硅相当甚至更优的药物装载效率,其中直链藻壳的载药量和包封率高于菱形藻壳、双眉藻壳,可用于后续载药。4种材料均具有良好的体外药物释放性能,其中莫匹罗星在直链藻壳中具有更高的累计释放量及释放率。载药直链藻壳可显著抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌的生长与繁殖,在体外药物释放1周后仍展现较强的抗菌活性。②干预后第24小时,载药硅藻壳组创面菌落数量少于其他3组(P < 0.05)。相较于直链藻壳、莫匹罗星,载药硅藻壳加快了创面愈合速度,至干预后第9天创面愈合率已超过95%。苏木精-伊红染色与Masson染色显示,相较于空白组、直链藻壳组,莫匹罗星组和载药直链藻壳组炎性细胞浸润少、创面长度短、胶原沉积多。结果表明,硅藻壳负载莫匹罗星能够显著加快创面愈合。
https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7269-2113(张春龙) 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:生物材料;骨生物材料;口腔生物材料;纳米材料;缓释材料;材料相容性;组织工程

关键词: 感染创面, 多孔二氧化硅, 金黄色葡萄球菌, 硅藻壳, 莫匹罗星, 高效装载, 长效释放

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Synthetic mesoporous silica can be used as a drug delivery carrier for wound treatment, but the synthesis process of this carrier is relatively complex and requires the use of toxic chemicals.

OBJECTIVE: To extract natural porous silica from diatoms to achieve efficient loading of the antibiotic mupirocin for the treatment of infected wounds. 

METHODS: (1) Diatom frustules (natural porous silica) were extracted from Nitzschia, Stratus algae and Amphiprion by high-temperature sintering. The morphology, size, pore structure and biocompatibility of the three diatom frustules were characterized. Synthetic mesoporous silica and the three diatom frustules were immersed in mupirocin solution to prepare drug delivery systems, and the drug loading, encapsulation efficiency and in vitro drug release behavior were tested. According to the drug loading and encapsulation efficiency, suitable diatom frustules were selected for subsequent experiments. The inhibitory effect of Stratus algae frustules on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was detected by the supernatant containing mupirocin collected in the inhibition zone experiment and in vitro drug release behavior. (2) Twelve SD rats were selected, and two round full-thickness skin wounds with a diameter of 1.0 cm were made on the back of each rat, and Staphylococcus aureus suspension was dripped onto the wound. After 24 hours of bacterial liquid dripping, the rats were randomly divided into four intervention groups: the blank group (n=3) had no intervention on the wound; the mupirocin group (n=3) had mupirocin solution dripped onto the wound; the straight-chain algae frustule group (n=3) had straight-chain diatom frustule solution dripped onto the wound, and the drug-loaded straight-chain algae frustule group (n=3) had straight-chain diatom frustule solution loaded with mupirocin dripped onto the wound, and the wound healing was observed. At 6 and 24 hours after intervention, the antibacterial effect was detected by agar plate coating experiment. On day 9 after intervention, the wound edge tissue was histologically observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Different diatom frustules had different shell structures, showing the exquisite micro-nanostructure of natural diatom frustules. Nitzschia, Stratus, and Bryophyta frustules at concentrations of ≤25 μg/mL had no significant cytotoxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells and L929 cells. They showed drug loading efficiency comparable to or even better than that of synthetic mesoporous silica. The drug loading and encapsulation efficiency of Stratus frustules were higher than those of Nitzschia and Bryophyta frustules, and they could be used for subsequent drug loading. All four materials had good in vitro drug release properties, among which mupirocin had a higher cumulative release amount and release rate in Stratus frustules. Drug-loaded Stratus frustules could significantly inhibit the growth and reproduction of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, and still showed strong antibacterial activity after one week of in vitro drug release. (2) At 24 hours after intervention, the number of colonies on the wound surface of the drug-loaded diatom frustule group was less than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the straight algae shells and mupirocin, the drug-loaded diatom shells accelerated the wound healing speed, and the wound healing rate exceeded 95% on day 9 after intervention. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed that compared with the blank group and the straight algae shell group, the mupirocin group and the drug-loaded straight algae shell group had less inflammatory cell infiltration, shorter wound length, and more collagen deposition. The results show that diatom shells loaded with mupirocin can significantly accelerate wound healing.

Key words: infected wound, porous silica, Staphylococcus aureus, diatom shells, mupirocin, efficient loading, sustained release

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