中国组织工程研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (13): 2822-2831.doi: 10.12307/2025.044

• 干细胞综述 stem cell review • 上一篇    下一篇

单细胞转录组测序技术在脊髓损伤研究中的应用

王培耿1,叶冬平1,2   

  1. 1贵州医科大学,贵州省贵阳市   550025;2广州市红十字会医院,广东省广州市   510220
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-25 接受日期:2024-03-09 出版日期:2025-05-08 发布日期:2024-09-12
  • 通讯作者: 叶冬平,博士,主任医师,硕士生导师,贵州医科大学,贵州省贵阳市 550025;广州市红十字会医院,广东省 广州市 510220
  • 作者简介:王培耿,男,1996年生,贵州省人,布依族,贵州医科大学在读硕士,主要从事单细胞转录组测序在脊髓损伤、椎间盘组织和骨肿瘤等方面的研究。
  • 基金资助:
    广州市科技计划项目(202102010111),项目负责人:叶冬平

Application of single-cell RNA sequencing in spinal cord injury

Wang Peigeng1, Ye Dongping1, 2   

  1. 1Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; 2Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
  • Received:2023-10-25 Accepted:2024-03-09 Online:2025-05-08 Published:2024-09-12
  • Contact: Ye Dongping, MD, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China; Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Guangzhou 510220, Guangdong Province, China
  • About author:Wang Peigeng, Master candidate, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project, No. 202102010111 (to YDP)

摘要:

文题释义:

单细胞转录组测序技术:是在单个细胞水平上,对基因组、转录组及表观组进行高通量测序分析的一项新技术。
脊髓损伤:指由于外界直接或间接因素导致脊髓损伤,在损害的相应节段出现各种运动、感觉和括约肌功能障碍,肌张力异常及病理反射等的相应改变。

摘要
背景:近年来,单细胞转录组测序技术在脊髓损伤的研究为创伤后中枢神经系统的细胞和分子异质性以及结构变化提供了新的见解。
目的:就单细胞转录组测序技术在脊髓损伤的研究进展进行综述,更加全面、深入地阐述单细胞转录组测序技术在脊髓损伤领域的应用。
方法:应用计算机系统检索PubMed、Web of Science、中国知网和万方数据库中2009-2023年出版的文献,英文检索词为“single-cell RNA sequencing,spinal cord injury,sequencing technology”;中文检索词为“单细胞转录组测序,脊髓损伤,测序技术”。排除质量较差、内容重复及不相关的文献,最终纳入57篇文献进行综述分析。

结果与结论:目前,单细胞转录组测序技术在脊髓损伤的研究可归纳为以下几点:①鉴定了小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、巨噬细胞、B细胞、神经元和神经干细胞等细胞亚群,并识别了这几种亚群的特异性标记基因。②小胶质细胞在脊髓损伤后保持永久活跃,通过增殖、免疫和稳态功能来协调脊髓损伤后的早期阶段。星形胶质细胞以激活的方式在脊髓损伤中发挥许多重要功能,包括维持微环境平衡、清除坏死组织、形成保护屏障以及胶质瘢痕等。巨噬细胞和小胶质细胞均在脊髓损伤后的慢性神经炎症中起重要作用。③神经干细胞和神经元亚群能够在脊髓损伤后进行自我更新,新发现的SCVsx2::Hoxa7:Zfhx3→lumbar和SCVsx2::Hoxa10等神经元亚群可再生到自然靶区,有利于运动功能的恢复。④发现细胞亚群的动态变化提高了研究者们对脊髓损伤病变进程的理解,并为脊髓损伤在不同时间点的治疗提供了新见解。截至目前,这些研究结果均还需要更多的基础研究和足够的临床试验来验证。在未来,单细胞转录组测序技术通过与生物信息学、计算机科学、组织工程学和临床医学等跨学科合作,有望为脊髓损伤的诊疗打开新的一扇窗户。

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0324-7033 (王培耿);https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2677-6267 (叶冬平) 


中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程

关键词: 单细胞转录组测序, 脊髓损伤, 测序技术, 测序分析, 分子亚型, 标记基因, 细胞异质性, 胶质细胞, 神经干细胞, 神经元

Abstract: BACKGROUND: In recent years, the study of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury has provided new insights into cellular and molecular heterogeneity as well as structural changes in the central nervous system after trauma.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury, comprehensively and deeply expound the application of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury. 
METHODS: A computerized system was used to search the articles published from 2009 to 2023 in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang databases with the Chinese and English search terms of “single-cell RNA sequencing, spinal cord injury, sequencing technology.” Articles with poor quality, repetitive content, and non-relevance were excluded, and 57 articles were finally included for review and analysis.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, the research of single-cell RNA sequencing technology in spinal cord injury can be summarized as follows: (1) Cell subsets such as microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, macrophages, B cells, neurons, and neural stem cells were identified, and specific marker genes of these subsets were identified. (2) Microglia remain permanently active after spinal cord injury and coordinate the early stages after spinal cord injury through proliferation, immunity, and homeostatic function. Astrocytes play many important functions in spinal cord injury in an activated manner, including maintaining microenvironment balance, removing necrotic tissue, forming a protective barrier, and glial scars. Both macrophages and microglia play an important role in chronic neuroinflammation following spinal cord injury. (3) Neural stem cells and neuronal subsets can self-renew after spinal cord injury. Newly discovered neuronal subsets such as SCVsx2:: Hoxa7: Zfhx3 → lumbar and SCVsx2: Hoxa10 can regenerate to natural targets and facilitate the recovery of motor function. (4) The discovery of dynamic changes in cell subsets improves our understanding of the course of spinal cord injury lesions and provides new insights into the treatment of spinal cord injury at different time points. Up to now, more basic research and sufficient clinical experiments are needed to validate the results of single-cell RNA sequencing in these studies. In the future, single-cell RNA sequencing technology is expected to open a new window for the diagnosis and treatment of spinal cord injury by interdisciplinary collaboration with bioinformatics, computer science, tissue engineering, and clinical medicine.

Key words: single-cell RNA sequencing, spinal cord injury, sequencing technology, sequencing analysis, molecular subtype, marker gene, cellular heterogeneity, glial cell, neural stem cell, neuron

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