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02 April 2014, Volume 18 Issue 14 Previous Issue    Next Issue

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Effect of Notch1 signaling abnormality on the pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease Zhu Hong-yan, Wang Qian, Li Ya-li, Ge Xue-ping, Chen Ping, Li Bing-zong 2014, 18 (14):  2133-2139.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.001 Abstract ( 339 )   PDF (888KB) ( 761 )   Save BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of multiple myeloma bone disease is far from elucidated. The impaired osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells leads to osteoblast deficiency. Notch1 signaling has a key role in the proliferation and differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of Notch1 signaling in the pathogenesis of myeloma bone disease. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from myeloma patients and normal donors were isolated and cultured. The expressions of Notch1 and osteogenic marker Runx2 were detected with real-time PCR and western blot before and after osteogenic induction. Von kossa staining was employed to detect calcium deposition. DAPT, an inhibitor of notch1 signaling, and placebo were added to the osteogenic medium of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, respectively. The expression of Hes1, a downstream gene of Notch1 signaling, and Runx2 were tested using real-time PCR and western blot after 48 hours. Von kossa staining was used to detect calcium deposition after 2 weeks.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After cultured in osteogenic medium for 48 hours, Notch1 expression of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from myeloma patients decreased, which was not as much as that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from normal donors. This was accompanied by much more decreased expression of Runx2 and calcium deposition in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from myeloma patients compared with those from normal donors. Addition of DAPT inhibited Hes1 and enhanced Runx2 expression after 48 hours, which was accompanied with more calcium deposition in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from myeloma patients after 2 weeks. These experimental data above suggest that the deactivation of Notch1 signaling is blocked, which is possibly related to the impaired osteogenic differentiation potential in the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from myeloma patients. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cyclooxygenase 2 silencing has no effects on oriented differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells He Tian, Zhang Hai-ning, Xiang Jin-yu, Liu Xiang-ping, Deng Ji-hong, Wang Ying-zhen 2014, 18 (14):  2140-2146.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.002 Abstract ( 485 )   PDF (1030KB) ( 631 )   Save BACKGROUND: At present, research on cyclooxygenase 2 silencing in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is at preliminary stage. OBJECTIVE: To construct the lentivirus vector, and then to observe the expression and effects of cyclooxygenase 2 silencing in the oriented differentiation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: In the present study, the recombinant lentiviral vectors carrying silencing of cyclooxygenase 2 gene and green fluorescent protein were constructed with recombinant lentiviral technology, and then we knocked down cyclooxygenase 2 expression in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through lentivirus infection in vitro (Lenti-ShCOX-2 group). The human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transfected with single lentivirals served as Lenti-Shcontrol group. The human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with no treatment served as blank control group. At 7 days after trasfection, the total RNA and protein were extracted from each group for detection. The adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic differentiation capacities of these cells were assessed in vitro. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After transfected with lentivirus vector for 3 days, we observed the green fluorescence from human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with cyclooxygenase 2 silencing under the fluorescence microscope, and the transfection efficiency was over 90% in the Lenti-Shcontrol-2 group and over 85% in Lenti-ShCOX-2 group. We confirmed the successful down-regulation of cyclooxygenase 2 at the mRNA and protein levels in human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through lentivirus infection. These findings indicate that cyclooxygenase 2 infection cannot inhibit the differentiation capacity of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Optimal concentration of prostaglandin E2 for osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and its effectors  Li Jie-ruo, Deng Si-yuan, Hou Hui-ge, Huang Hao, Wang Huan, Huan Song-wei, She Guo-rong, Luo Si-min, Liu Ning, Zha Zhen-gang 2014, 18 (14):  2147-2152.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.003 Abstract ( 359 )   PDF (2066KB) ( 748 )   Save BACKGROUND: Prostaglandin E2 is not only involved in the body’s inflammatory response as an inflammatory mediator, but also plays a very important role in the process of bone formation and remodeling. In addition, prostaglandin E2 also regulates the proliferation and differentiation of other stem cells, such as neural stem cells and embryonic stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of prostaglandin E2 on proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and to confirm the best concentration of prostaglandin E2, then to screen differentially expressed genes by gene chip technology, and to study the mechanism of prostaglandin E2 in the osteoinductive process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were isolated and cultured from Sprague-Dawley rats, and prostaglandin E2 was prepared to different concentrations of solutions: 10-2, 10-3, 10-4, 10-5 and 10-6 g/L. Then, passage 3 cells were cultured in prostaglandin E2 solutions, and low-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum. MTT colorimetric assay and quantitative detection of alkaline phosphatase were used to confirm the best concentration of prostaglandin E2 promoting proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. After 14 days, the gene-chip technique was used to detect the differentially expressed genes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The experimental data were statistically analyzed, we found that the best concentration of prostaglandin E2 for the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was 1×10-4 g/L, and the best concentration of prostaglandin E2 for the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was 1×10-5 g/L. According to the gene chip, Cxcl13, Cd55 gene and PPAR, MAPK signaling pathways might be the key genes and pathways in the osteogenic differentiation process of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of different storage solutions on the viability of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells  Zhou Nan, Chen Yan, Lei Xin, Dong Yan-ting, Xu Wen-jing, Niu Yu-hu, Niu Bo, Cheng Niu-liang 2014, 18 (14):  2153-2158.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.004 Abstract ( 396 )   PDF (2722KB) ( 422 )   Save BACKGROUND: Umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) have been widely studied in clinics. Notably, UC-MSCs have to be properly preserved before clinical use and the effects of storage solution on viability of cells play critical roles in the effectiveness of cell-transplantation. However, there are few studies concerning this phenomenon. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of various clinical common solutions on the activity of UC-MSCs. METHODS: UC-MSCs were stored at 0.9% sodium chloride injection, 5% glucose injection and 1% human serum albumin respectively at 4 ℃ and room temperature (25 ℃) for 2, 4 or 6 hours. Viabilities, apoptosis/necrosis rate, multi-differentiation ability of preserved UC-MSCs and DNA damage were examined. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The viabilities of UC-MSCs were rapidly decreased time-dependently in all of the storage solutions both at 4 ℃ and room temperature. Besides, the storage solutions resulted in cellular necrosis rather than apoptosis and the necrosis rate was greatly increased time-dependently. DNA damage was observed in cells after preserved in various storage solutions, but cell proliferation and differentiation were not affected, which demonstrated that DNA damage may be a key factor for the reduction of cell viabilities. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prostaglandin E1 effects on proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells Zeng Kuan, Jiang Hui-qi, Wang Meng, Hua Ping, Zhang Hong-wu, Deng Bao-ping, Zhang Shu-ming, Yang Yan-qi 2014, 18 (14):  2161-2166.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.005 Abstract ( 292 )   PDF (1886KB) ( 534 )   Save BACKGROUND: Currently, there are few studies about prostaglandin E1 on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of prostaglandin E1 on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells isolated from Sprague Dawley rats were cultured in vitro. Passage 3 cells were selected to identify cell surface phenotypes by flow cytometry. Cells were seeded onto 96-well microtiter plates at a density of 1×104 cells/well, and then treated with prostaglandin E1 at concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, 100 μg/L for 3 days. Cell counting kit-8 assay was applied to assess cellular proliferation, and detect the optimal proliferative concentration of prostaglandin E1 (10%) effects on the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem at 24, 48 and 72 hours. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The positive rates of passage 3 cells were 4.93% for CD11b/c, 99.93% for CD29, 0.1% for CD45, 99.58% for CD90. In vitro proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells could be promoted by prostaglandin E1 at concentrations of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 40 and 100 μg/L, and the optimal concentration was 10 μg/L. The proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was promoted dramatically after intervention with 10 μg/L prostaglandin E1 for 48 hours (P < 0.05), and peaked at 72 hours in a time-dependent manner. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Human adipose-derived stem cells: in vitro isolation, culture, identification and immunological properties Eliyar Elham, Wang Yun-hai, Wang Li, Gao Hua, Xu Xin-cai, Zhang Wen-bin 2014, 18 (14):  2167-2172.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.006 Abstract ( 311 )   PDF (1950KB) ( 517 )   Save BACKGROUND: Adipose-derived stem cells have more broad application prospects than bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in tissue engineering because of the characteristics such as easy to obtain, and thus become one of the research hotspots today. OBJECTIVE: To observe the growth characteristics of human adipose derived stem cells and to test their stem cell features and immunology characters. METHODS: The subcutaneous fat tissue were extracted from three healthy volunteers through liposuction, and then digested with collagenase type I followed by in vitro primary culture and passage culture. Then, the biological characteristics of passaged cells were observed. Surface antigens and human leukocyte antigens were detected by flow cytometry. And then, peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured with allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells to observe whether adipose-derived stem cells can accelerate the proliferation of lymphocytes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The harvested adipose-derived stem cells had a strong expansion in vitro with “S” shape growth curve. The third generation cells were positive for CD29, CD44, CD90 and human leukocyte antigen I, and negative for CD34, CD45, CD31 and human leukocyte antigen II. Besides, the lymphocytes had no response induced by allogeneic adipose-derived stem cells. The differentiation potential of adipose-derived stem  cells used in experiments was confirmed, and they had a weak rejection to the host, which indicates that the adipose-derived stem cells may be a candidate for cell treatment and tissue engineering. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparison of proliferative and adipogenic differentiation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells derived from fetal tissue and bone marrow Li Xiu-ying, Bai Jin-ping, Zhong Ling-zhi, Li Xue, Yang Qi-wei, Liu Ying-nan, Wang Yi-min 2014, 18 (14):  2173-2178.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.007 Abstract ( 262 )   PDF (1740KB) ( 379 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cells were first discovered in the bone marrow, and the number of studies concerning bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells is also the most. But the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells with limited sources have the very low content. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells have been isolated from human fetal tissue, which are similar to bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in term of biological properties, but both of them have not been reported clearly in comparison of their adipogenic abilities. OBJECTIVE: To compare the proliferative and adipogenic differentiation capacity of human bone marrow and fetal tissue-derive mesenchymal stem cells. METHODS: Mesenchymal stem cells were obtained from the bone marrow by adherence culture and from fetal tissue by collagenase digestion. Cells were identified by flow cytometric assay. Proliferative potential of mesenchymal stem cells were detected by cell counting method. After adipogenic induction for 14 days, oil red O staining was used for cell counting, and adipogenic differentiation capacities of mesenchymal stem cell from two sources were measured. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells in spindle shape were successfully harvested from both of human bone marrow and fetal tissue, which were positive for CD73, CD90 and CD105, and negative for CD14, CD34 and CD45. The proliferative capacity of fetal tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells was stronger than that of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.01). After adipogenic induction for 14 days, mesenchymal stem cells from two sources were both positive for oil red O, but the in vitro adipogenic capacity of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was stronger than that of fetal tissue-mesenchymal stem cells (P < 0.01). 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic efficacy of umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning: a 1-year follow-up Yao Xing-yu, Yang Li-min, Hou Ji-feng, Li Wei-wei, Li Ning, Li Guang-nan, Zhang Guo-hua 2014, 18 (14):  2179-2184.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.008 Abstract ( 307 )   PDF (897KB) ( 416 )   Save BACKGROUND: Under a specific environment in vivo and in vitro, umbilical cord blood mesenchymal stem cells can be induced to differentiate into various tissues and cells, including neural stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the safety and efficacy of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell transplantation via lumbar puncture in the treatment of delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning. METHODS: Sixty patients with delayed encephalopathy after acute carbon monoxide poisoning were randomly divided into two groups: treatment group undergoing intrathecal injection of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells that were isolated using density gradient centrifugation method into the subarachnoid space of patients with delayed encephalopathy induced by acute carbon monoxide poisoning; control group undergoing hyperbaric oxygen and drug treatments. Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), improved Asworth muscle spasm degree and activity of daily living scale (ADL) were assessed in patients prior to and 3, 9, 12 months after  cell transplantation. The MRI changes of the two groups were compared. Meanwhile, lung X-ray, electrocardiogram and blood biochemical test were also measured to evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cell transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At 3, 9, 12 month after cell transplantation, the Asworth muscle spasm degree was significantly lower in the treatment group than the control group (P=0.032). At 9 and 12 months after cell transplantation, scores on MMSE and ADL were also higher in the treatment group than the control group (P < 0.05). Change of neurological functions in patients from two groups showed a similar tendency. At 12 months after cell transplantation, MRI examination showed better outcomes in the treatment group than the control group. These findings indicate that intrathecal injection of human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells is superior to hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of delayed encephalopathy induced by acute carbon monoxide poisoning 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for repair of rat femoral defects at high altitude Wang Kun1,2, Fu Xiao-ping, Yang Zhi-hua, Zheng Ying, Gao Zhan, Gao Cai-yan, Mai Chao-ping, Ha Xiao-qin 2014, 18 (14):  2185-2190.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.009 Abstract ( 319 )   PDF (964KB) ( 819 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stem cell transplantation can provide a good way to accelerate wound healing for tissue defects under negative environmental impacts at high altitude, such as plateau bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To research the therapeutic effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell treatment on rat femoral defects in high altitude. METHODS: The bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were separated from the femur and tibia of male Wistar rats, and the passage 3 cells were identified by detecting their surface antigen. Eighty female Wistar rats were operated for experimental femoral defects and randomly allocated into fours equal groups, namely, plain control group, plain transplantation group, plateau control group, and plateau transplantation group. Thirty days after treatment, rats were under X-ray to observe the repairment of femoral defects, and tissues from femoral defect  area were sampled to detect the levels of alkaline phosphatase at 10, 20, 30 days, respectively. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The rats in the plateau transplantation group B showed significantly faster repair of femoral defect and higher level of alkaline phosphatase than those in the plateau control group (P < 0.05). The rats in the plain control group also had better healing of femoral defect and higher level of alkaline phosphatase than those in the plain control group (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the healing of femoral defect and level of alkaline phosphatase were better in the plain transplantation group than the plateau transplantation group. These findings indicate that intramuscular transplantation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can significantly increase the regional content of alkaline phosphatase, promote the healing of femoral defects on the plateau, but the repairing speed of femoral defects in plateau is slower than that on the plain. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation immunity phenomena after embryonic stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells are grafted into ischemic rat brain Mei Ai-nong, Zhang Su-ming 2014, 18 (14):  2191-2199.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.010 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (3686KB) ( 497 )   Save BACKGROUND: Previous studies have showed inconsistent results in the immunogenicity of neural progenitor cells and further studies are required to confirm the model of immune response after transplantation in vivo. OBJECTIVE: To observe the constitutive and inducible expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules on neural progenitor cells in vitro and the local immune cell activation in lesion tissue after neural progenitor cells grafted in ischemic rat brain, so as to explore the possibility and model of graft rejection of neural progenitor cells. METHODS: Neural progenitor cells were differentiated from pCX-eGFP ES-D3 embryonic stem cells and the constitutive and interferon-γ-induced expression of MHC class I and II molecules on neural progenitor cells was observed in vitro by flow cytometry. Neural progenitor cells were then injected into the lateral ventricle of model animals after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) or sham surgery which were subdivided into the three groups as MCAO+neural progenitor cells injection group, MCAO+PBS injection group and sham+PBS injection group. A histological evaluation of ED1, CD8 and CD4 positive cells infiltration in the striatum and a proliferation assay of lymphocytes dissociated from cervical lymphnodes were performed after cell transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: High constitutive expression of class I but no II MHC molecules was found on the surface of neural progenitor cells by flow cytometry. After interferon-γ induction, a further increase in class I molecules and a mild but detectable upregulation of class II molecules were found, suggesting the possibility of immune response initiated by neural progenitor cells because of the constitutive expression of class I and the inducible expression of MHC II molecules on cell surface. Rats in the MCAO+neural progenitor cells injection and MCAO+PBS injection group had a higher ED1+,CD4+ and CD8+ cells infiltration in the striatum compared with those in the sham group (P < 0.05). Rats in the MCAO+neural progenitor cells group showed even higher ED1+, CD4+ cells infiltration compared with those in the MCAO+PBS injection group (P < 0.05), suggesting that ischemic lesion itself was the main cause for the immunoreactions in brain, whereas the higher infiltration of CD4+ and ED1+ cells in the striatum of rats undergoing neural progenitor cell transplantation, indicating there is also a possible graft rejection directed to neural progenitor cells through CD4+-Th1 pathway. Compared with sham animals, rats in MCAO+neural progenitor cells injection group and MCAo+PBS injection group showed significantly higher lymphocytes proliferation (P < 0 .01), but there was no difference in lymphocytes proliferation between MCAO+neural progenitor cells and MCAO+PBS groups (P > 0.05). This suggests that neural progenitor cells in vitro alone cannot trigger a significant proliferation of lymphocytes. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Transplantation of embryonic neuroepithelial stem cells into the brain of Parkinson disease rats Wang Jia-zeng 2014, 18 (14):  2200-2205.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.011 Abstract ( 364 )   PDF (2132KB) ( 379 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that embryonic stem cell transplantation may improve learning and memory abilities in rats with vascular dementia, enhance neural plasticity, stereotaxically migrate and differentiate into mature neurons. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the improvement of Parkinson disease rats following the neuroepithelial stem cells were transplanted into the brain and the migration of the transplanted cells. METHODS: The neuroepithelial stem cells derived from green fluorescent protein transgenic mice were stereotaxically transplanted into the substantia nigra, striatum and lateral cerebral ventricle of Parkinson disease rats. The survival, migration and differentiation of transplanted neuroepithelial stem cells were examined at different time of transplantation, and the relationship between the change of rotation behavior and content of dopamine were analyzed. Therapeutic effects of embryonic neuroepithelial stem cells transplantation in Parkinson disease rats were assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Transplanted cells survived well and were positive for tyrosine hydroxylase. Cells migrated from the transplanted region to the substantia nigra. The rotational behavior of Parkinson’s diseases rats recovered greatly and the dopamine content was raised after the transplantation of neuroepithelial stem cells. These findings indicate that the neuroepithelial stem cells would migrate to the substantia nigra after transplanted into the brain of Parkinson disease rats, and Parkinson disease could be treated following the increasing of dopamine content in the striatum. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with lycopene on immune function of D-galactose induced aging mice Liu Jia, Wang Yi-zhong, Cui Xiao-lan, Shi Han, Li Qian-qian, Wang Lin-lin 2014, 18 (14):  2206-2212.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.012 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (2278KB) ( 481 )   Save BACKGROUND: Both human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and lycopene have the anti-aging actions. But the research about their combination effects on immune function of aging body has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with lycopene on immune function of D-galactose induced aging mice METHODS: ICR mice, female and male in half, were randomly divided into five groups: normal control group, model group, lycopene group, stem cell group, stem cell combined with lycopene group (combined group). Model group and treatment groups were injected subcutaneously with D-galactose at the neck for 8 weeks. Age-related percentages of T cell subsets in the blood, contents of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 in the serum were detected, and structure changes of spleen and thymus were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In three treatment groups, the percentages of CD3+, CD8+CD28+ T cells in the blood and contents of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4 in the serum were all improved (P < 0.01). In the combined  group, naive CD8+ T cells percentage increased, memory CD8+ T cells percentage decreased (P < 0.05), however in the stem cell and lycopene groups, naïve and memory CD8+ T cell percentages did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Naïve and memory CD4+ T cell percentages between groups did not change significantly (P > 0.05). Microscopic observations of the thymus and spleen showed that in the model group, thymic corpuscles shrunk, splenic nodules significantly increased, splenic medulla was blooded; while no obvious cortical and medullary lesions were observed in the normal control group and three treatment groups. The results showed that both human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells and lycopene can ameliorate the immune function of aging model mice, but the effect of combined treatment is better. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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The stem/progenitor cell characteristics of trabecular meshwork endothelia cells in the adult human eye Wan Shang-tao, Li Yong-ping, Zhang Ping, Gao Huan-huan, Zhang Wen-xin, Lin Jian-xian 2014, 18 (14):  2213-2218.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.013 Abstract ( 485 )   PDF (1793KB) ( 464 )   Save BACKGROUND: The study of stem/progenitor cells provides the possibility of stem cell therapy, and identification and characterization of stem/progenitor cells in human trabecular meshwork can put new thoughts on treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma. OBJECTIVE: To study the characteristics of stem/progenitor cells in trabecular meshwork in the adult human eye. METHODS: Hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining of nestin, Factor VIII-related antigen, CD31 and CD34 were applied in 20 enucleated adult human eyes were selected, among which, 10 normal eyes had enucleation due to sudden death for serious trauma, 7 eyes were from the patients who had orbital exenteration, and 3 eyes were diagnosed as posterior segment choroidal malignant melanoma. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The trabecular meshwork endothelial cells in the human eye were all positive for nestin, but negative for the other three anti-bodies. The corneal endothelial cells were weakly positive for nestin. Schlemm’s canal endothelial cells were negative for nestin, but strongly positive for the Factor VIII-related antigen, CD31 and CD34. These findings indicate that the trabecular meshwork endothelial cells in the human eye all express nestin with stem/progenitor cell characteristics, and they are similar to the vascular progenitor cells with nestin expression. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Lipopolysaccharide effects on osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells derived from ovariectomized mice Liu Da-yong, Wang Mei-rui, Lan Ling-ling, Zhao Meng-ming, Jia Zhi 2014, 18 (14):  2219-2225.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.014 Abstract ( 325 )   PDF (1793KB) ( 370 )   Save BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal osteoporosis often results from upregulation of inflammatory factors. Pathogenic bacteria in periodontal tissues can generate some virulence factors destroying host tissues, such as lipopolysaccharide, pilus, and lectin. OBJECTIVE: To investigate osteogenic differentiation property of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells under lipopolysaccharide stimulation in ovariectomized mice, and to preliminarily explore the cellular and molecular biological mechanisms underlying estrogen deficiency patients susceptible to periodontitis, which attempting to provide laboratory evidences for periodontitis prevention of postmenopausal women.  METHODS: Thirty female two-month-aged Kunming mice were randomly divided into ovariectomized group and sham group. Two groups of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were subject to osteogenic induction and cultured in media containing different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (0, 10, 100 μg/L). After osteogenic inductions, alkaline phosphatase staining and alizarin red staining were performed, and expression of Runx2, Ocn, Alp were detected using RT-RCR. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After 7 days of osteogenic differentiation, cells expressed alkaline phosphatase; after 21 days, alizarin red staining was positive and mineralized nodules were visible. mRNA expressions of Ocn, Runx2, and Alp in 100 μg/L lipopolysaccharide group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the expressions of three target genes were significantly declined after intervention with lipopolysaccharide (P < 0.05). These findings indicate that lipopolysaccharide reduces the osteogenic ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, especially in ovariectomized mice, which may be one of cellular and molecular mechanisms by which estrogen deficiency leads to increased susceptibility of periodontitis. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Acute graft-versus-host disease after compatriots HLA sibling-matched versus haploidentical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation Zheng Jing-jing, Xie Xin-sheng, Wan Ding-ming, Sun Hui, Sun Ling 2014, 18 (14):  2226-2231.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.015 Abstract ( 410 )   PDF (685KB) ( 390 )   Save BACKGROUND: In recent years, the haploidentical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation is popular as its donor source in clinical application. Acute graft-versus-host disease is still the main factor influencing the success rate of transplantation. OBJECTIVE: To compare occurrence characteristics of acute graft-versus-host disease after compatriots HLA sibling-matched versus haploidentical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation and to discuss the way to reduce the occurrence of acute graft-versus-host disease and the clinical significance of haploidentical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. METHODS: Fifty-two patients undergoing allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation were retrospectively analyzed, including 31 cases of compatriots HLA sibling-matched cell transplantation and 21 cases of haploidentical allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. Conditioning regimen in HLA sibling-matched patients was busulfan/cyclophosphamide+anti-thymocyte globulin for HLA sibling haploid-matched patients, and busulfan/ cyclophosphamide for compatriots HLA sibling-matched patients. Short-term methotrexate+cyclosporine A+mycophenolate mofetil was used for prevention of graft-versus-host disease. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All patients successfully obtained persistent stem cell transplantation. 48% patients (12/52) suffered from acute graft-versus-host disease, and 23% patients (12/52) developed grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease. The cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease was 39% (12/31) in the sibling-matched group and 62% (12/21) in the sibling haploid-matched group (P > 0.05). The cumulative incidence of grade III-IV acute graft-versus-host disease was 10% (3/31) in the sibling-matched group and 42% (9/21) in the sibling haploid-matched group (P < 0.05). Type distribution of acute graft-versus-host disease occurring at 0-30 days, 31-60 days, 61-100 days after cell transplantation showed no difference (P > 0.05). The incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease occurring with 30 days after transplantation was higher than those within 31-60 and 61-100 days after cell transplantation. There were no differences in recurrence rate and 2-year disease-free survival in the patients with or without acute graft-versus-host disease (P > 0.05). Recurrence rate showed no difference between the sibling-matched group and sibling haploid-matched group, but the 2-year disease-free survival rate was higher in the former group (P < 0.05). Therefore, HLA haploidentical transplantation is a good way to increase the source of donors for the treatment of haematological malignancies. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Resveratrol combined with mesenchymal stem cells improves the metabolic memory effects on endothelial cell injury Ding Hui, Wang Peng, Wang Yan-gang 2014, 18 (14):  2232-2237.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.016 Abstract ( 357 )   PDF (777KB) ( 403 )   Save BACKGROUND: There are rare reports concerning whether resveratrol combined with mesenchymal stem cells is able to further improve the bad memory caused by high glucose-induced endothelial cell injury. OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of resveratrol combined with mesenchymal stem cells on high glucose-induced human umbilical vein endothelial cell injury. METHODS: The human umbilical vein endothelial cells were divided into 10 groups: normal control glucose; mannitol control group; high glucose group; low-dose resveratrol group (0.1 μmol/L); middle-dose resveratrol group (1 μmol/L); high-dose resveratrol group (10 μmol/L); stem cells group; low-dose resveratrol+stem cells group; middle-dose resveratrol+stem cells group; high-dose resveratrol+stem cells group. Cell supernatants were collected to extract nuclear proteins on days 1, 4, 6 after culture in 5.5 mmol/L glucose. Western blot was used to investigate the expression of nuclear factor κB of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the secretion of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the normal control group, hyperglycemia memory up-regulated the expression of nuclear factor κB and increased the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, which could still continue to rise after culturing in normal glucose. Resveratrol alone or combined with mesenchymal stem cells down-regulated the expression of  nuclear factor κB and decreased the levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 in a dose-dependent manner, which were lower than those in the high glucose group. There were no significant differences in nuclear factor κB, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels between stem cells group and high glucose group. Resveratrol can attenuate high glucose-induced injury to endothelial cells. The metabolic memory induced by high glucose may be mediated by nuclear factor κB pathway, which may be independent in the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in protecting endothelial cells. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Kanic acid effects on the differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cells Sun Gui-fang, Yuan Zhi-hao, Peng Tao, Wang Jing-tao, Fu Zhen-qiang, Zhang Bo-ai 2014, 18 (14):  2238-2243.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.017 Abstract ( 275 )   PDF (828KB) ( 438 )   Save BACKGROUND: The role of neural stem cells to repair brain tissue is very limited. About 80% of endogenous neural stem cells will die within the first 6 weeks, and only 0.2% of the cells continue to proliferate, differentiate, and participate in the brain repair. OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of kanic acids at different concentrations on the differentiation and proliferation of neural stem cells． METHODS: The neural stem cells from newborn Wistar rats were isolated and cultured in vitro, and then divided into two groups: blank control group and experimental group. We treated the second group by adding different concentration gradients of kainic acid. Then the cells were identified by immumofluorescence and immunohistochemistry methods, cell differentiation was detected by MTT colorimetric assay and the percentages of neurons and astrocytes were calculated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The adherent neurospheres in the experimental group proliferated more rapid and showed longer migration distance than those in the blank control group. After 5 days of differentiation, the number of astrocytes in the experimental group was higher, but the number of neuron-like cells was lower compared with the blank control group. The cultured cells had self-renew and multipotent differentiation potential. Kanic acid could induce the neural stem cells to differentiate toward astrocytes efficiently. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Placental hematopoietic stem cells: from basic research to clinical applications Mo Zheng, Zhang Bin, Chen Hu 2014, 18 (14):  2244-2249.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.018 Abstract ( 370 )   PDF (785KB) ( 703 )   Save BACKGROUND: Studies have shown that the placenta contains a large number of hematopoietic stem cells. The limited supply of hematopoietic stem cells and other problems for therapeutic application are considered as the challenges in treating patients with hematopoietic malignancies and other diseases. OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of placental hematopoietic stem cells. METHODS: A computer-based online search was performed in the PubMed database and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure database for the clinical and basic experimental research papers on placental hematopoietic stem cells published from January 2005 to November 2013. The key words were “placenta, hematopoietic stem cell” in Chinese and English. The articles published earlier and repetitive researches were excluded.   RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The placenta is a highly vascularized hematopoietic tissue that is important in the exchange of oxygen, nutrients and waste products between the foetus and mothers. In recent years, increasing studies have indicated that the placenta is also a source of hematopoietic stem cells and plays an important role in the development of hematopoietic stem cells. Compared to other sources of hematopoietic stem cells, the placenta has its unique advantages. Animal experiments have indicated that it plays an irreplaceable role in clinical applications in hematology and regenerative medicine. Undoubtedly, further basic and clinical trials in order to optimize and extend the placental blood stem cells in clinical applications are still needed. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Therapeutic potential of stem cells for ischemic kidney injury: functional characteristics of a stromal cell-derived factor 1-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis Da Yang, Meng Qiu-hong, Liu Hong-bao, Xue Wu-jun 2014, 18 (14):  2250-2256.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.019 Abstract ( 303 )   PDF (797KB) ( 545 )   Save BACKGROUND: Stem cell transplantation has shown a great potential in regenerative medicine, however, the poor retention of transplanted mesenchymal stem cells and the low cell survival are two obstacles for the therapeutic effects. Numerous studies have shown that stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1)-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis exerts a crucial role in the mobilization, migration, and survival of stem cells. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the worldwide latest research progresses of SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in hypoxic conditions, the settlement of stem cells, and the treatment of ischemic renal injury. METHODS: The first author searched databases of PubMed and Chinese Journal Full-text for papers concerning SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in stem cell therapy for ischemic kidney injury published from January 2000 to December 2012. The keywords were “stromal cell-derived factor-1, CXCR4, CXCR7, stem cells, ischemia, kidney injury” in English and Chinese. A total of 82 relevant articles were initially retrieved, and 57 of them met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7, which are the two natural receptors for SDF-1, can be up-regulated by both in vitro and in vivo induction of hypoxia. Numerous studies have confirmed that the SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis exerts an important role in the mobilization, migration, adhesion, proliferation, survival and paracrine of stem cells. SDF-1 is highly expressed in ischemic organs including kidneys, thus contributing to the migration of the cells with a high expression of CXCR4 to the ischemic organs. Several studies have shown that using anti-CXCR7 neutralizing antibody to reduce the CXCR7 levels in stem cells, the ability of cell adhesion and survival under hypoxic-ischemic conditions declines, suggesting that the effects of CXCR7 in regulating the adhesion and survival ability of stem cells. Therefore, further studies on the biological behaviors (such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, migration, adhesion, paracrine) of SDF-1-CXCR4/CXCR7 axis in stem cells and residential cells in target tissues will improve the effectiveness of stem cell-based therapy, and has important value for the treatment of ischemic renal injury. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mesenchymal stem cells in gene therapy: specialty and problems Li Li-chun, Li Jian-ping 2014, 18 (14):  2257-2262.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.020 Abstract ( 362 )   PDF (741KB) ( 420 )   Save BACKGROUND: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have become a promising kind of target cells for gene therapy because of easy preparation, strong self-proliferative capacity, stable biological characteristics, low immunogenicity, long-term survival in the host brain, easy transfection by exogenous gene, high transfection efficiency, and tropism for tumor cells. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the advantages and disadvantages of mesenchymal stem cells used in gene therapy for refractory diseases based on different gene transfer methods. METHODS: A computer-based online retrieval was performed in PubMed database, Chinese Journal Full Text Database, Wanfang database to search papers regarding mesenchymal stem cells published from January 2000 to December 2013. The key words were “mesenchymal stem cell, gene therapy” in English and Chinese. Totally 2114 articles were retrieved, and finally, 42 articles were included in result analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There are a variety of gene therapies that can be divided according to gene manipulation: (1) gene correction and gene replacement; (2) gene augmentation and gene inactivation. There are two routes of administration, in vitro and in vivo. As opposed to other cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells can survive in the host brain for a longer time, are easier to be transfected by exogenous genes, and has a tropism for tumor cells. Thus, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells have become a promising kind of target cells for gene therapy. Mesenchymal stem cell as carriers of the gene therapy have been used in phase III clinical trials for the treatment of graft-versus-host disease and Crohn’s disease treatment. In China, some achievements have been harvested in mesenchymal stem cell therapy for refractory diseases. To exploring the optimal therapeutic window for stem cell transplantation, and to find the appropriate gene dosage, the number of transplanted cells and the appropriate timing of treatment are urgent to be solved. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for four kinds of rheumatic diseases: clinical analysis of 10-year data Chen Huan-xue, Wang Xiao-fei 2014, 18 (14):  2263-2268.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.021 Abstract ( 457 )   PDF (932KB) ( 620 )   Save BACKGROUND: Mesenchymal stem cell is an important member of stem cell family, and it is increasingly used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases in recent years. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with rheumatic disease in China. METHODS: A computer-based search was conducted in Chinese Journal Full-text database and China Science and Technology Journal Database for relevant articles published from 2004 to 2013. Manual searching was also done. Key words were “mesenchymal stem cell”, “systemic lupus erythematosus”, “rheumatoid arthritis”, “myositis” and “systemic sclerosis” in Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twelve papers were selected and analyzed in this study. A total of 76 patients with rheumatic disease were reported in these 12 papers, including 46 (61%) cases of systemic lupus erythematosus, 21 (28%) of rheumatoid arthritis, 8 (11%) of polymyositis/dermatomyositis and 1 (1%) of systemic sclerosis. All of the 76 patients’ clinical symptoms and laboratory test results were improved after treatment and no adverse reactions or complications occur. During the follow-up, 7 (9%) of the 76 patients relapsed, including 1 death case. These findings indicate that mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with rheumatic disease is efficient and safe; however, more case-control studies, cohort studies and clinical trials are required to confirm the result. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of stem cells: a lack of large animal models and human trials Feng Tao, Kao Xiao-ming, Ji Wu 2014, 18 (14):  2269-2274.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.022 Abstract ( 559 )   PDF (735KB) ( 525 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the past few years, progress being made in stem cell studies has incontestably led to the hope of developing cell replacement therapy which has immeasurable clinical application value for diseases deficient in effective treatment by conventional ways.  OBJECTIVE: To review the new clinical progresses in stem cells. METHODS: The first author retrieved PubMed database and CNKl database for articles regarding basic and clinical research on progresses of stem cells. The key words were “stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, stem cell transplantation, neurodegenerative diseases, myocardial infarction, intestinal stem cells, inflammatory bowel disease, acute lung failure” in English and Chinese, respectively. Outdated, irrelevant and repetitive studies were excluded, and 47 literatures were included for summarization. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Stem cells are characterized as multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewal ability. According to the differentiation stage, stem cells can be divided into embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells. The induced pluripotent stem cells function similarly to embryonic stem cells and become another special stem cells, which are obtained by reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells induced by specific transcription factors. We should attach great importance to solve the possible problems in the application of stem cells, such as social ethics problem, harvesting and survival, specific differentiation, and actively promote the application research of stem cells. Future research should focus more on translational medicine and the establishment of large animal models to fill the evidence between human and animal trials. At the same time, more iconic, original and creative work should be carried out. Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cryopreservation of human pluripotent stem cells Liu Hong-yan, Huang Yuan-hua, Ma Yan-lin 2014, 18 (14):  2275-2281.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.023 Abstract ( 388 )   PDF (598KB) ( 432 )   Save BACKGROUND: The appearance and development of human pluripotent stem cells is a major breakthrough in the biomedical field. There are still many obstacles limiting its clinical application. To establish a safe and effective cryopreservation method may be a great challenge. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress in the cryopreservation of human pluripotent stem cells, and to explore the cause and mechanism of freezing injury, thereby developing a new and more effective cryopreservation protocol. METHODS: A computer-based search of CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and PubMed databases was performed using the key words of “human pluripotent stem cells, human embryonic stem cell, human induced pluripotent stem cell, vitrification, programmed cryopreservation, cryopreservation” both in English and Chinese. Irrelevant and repetitive papers were excluded, and finally 58 papers were included for further analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: To better understand the cause and mechanism of freezing injury during pluripotent stem cells cryopreservation is crucial for establishing a new and more effective cryopreservation protocol. We should improve and develop low-temperature biotechnologies to avoid freezing injury, thereby establishing a cryopreservation protocol for human pluripotent stem cells that is repeatable, high-efficiency and accords with GMP requirements. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics

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Mesenchymal stem cells: biological characteristics and clinical application Yin Hai-bin, Tian Xin, Yang Chun-hu, Gao Xiao-hui 2014, 18 (14):  2282-2289.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.024 Abstract ( 570 )   PDF (294KB) ( 487 )   Save BACKGROUND: The clinical application of mesenchymal stem cells is a hot topic in the research of stem cell transplantation. The safety and effectiveness of mesenchymal stem cells still presents as a huge problem unsolved for its application. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the biological characteristics of mesenchymal stem cells and prospect of their clinical application. METHODS: A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed database from January 1990 to November 2013 and in CNKI database from 2011 to 2013 for the related articles with the key words of “mesenchymal stem cells, separation and culture, surface antigen, inducing and differentiation, clinical application” in English and Chinese. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesenchymal stem cells can express a variety of surface antigens, but without specific characteristics. At the same time they have the ability of self-renewal and the potential of multi-directional differentiation into osteocytes, adipocytes, chondrocytes, skeletal muscle cells, and even neurocytes. So, due to their multi-lineage differentiation potential, secreting multiple cytokines and immunomodulatory properties, mesenchymal stem cells have become an attractive candidate for cell therapy in the field of regenerative medicine, hematology, and immunology. Now the clinical trials using mesenchymal stem cells are in Phase III (comparing a newer treatment to the standard or best known treatment), but the cases are rare. Despite this, the mesenchymal stem cells treatment has resulted in many problems that mesenchymal stem cells may favor tumor growth and metastasis, increase in invasive fungal infections and so on. Mesenchymal stem cells have good application prospects in treating several diseases, especially hematologic malignancies. So to figure out how mesenchymal stem cells work in vivo as well as how to solve the problems brought by mesenchymal stem cells treatment are the research focus in stem cell transplantation. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | Related Articles | Metrics

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Issues about definitions of stem cells Lin Tong-xiang, Cai Huan-huan, Lin Yi 2014, 18 (14):  2290-2296.  doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2014.14.025 Abstract ( 265 )   PDF (625KB) ( 796 )   Save BACKGROUND: In the past 10 years, the stem cell research has been a hot topic while it has achieved great progress in biology and enhanced more impacts on studies in medicine, drug development, agriculture as well as other applied fields. OBJECTIVE: To investigate some issues related to definition of stem cells as clear terms without confusion will be beneficial to the rapid development of stem cell research. METHODS: We reviewed the development and concept of stem cells, and compared definitions in English and Chinese language version with our personal knowledge and practical experiments. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Some confusions exist in recent stem cell terms between Chinese and English versions. For example, the term of “multipotent stem cell” in Chinese language might be interpreted to either “pluripotent stem cell” or “multi-potent stem cell”, which represents two types of biological developmental potential of stem cells. In order to academic exchanges and communication, we propose “universal kaleidoscope stem cell” in Chinese language for the term of “pluripotent stem cell”, and retains the “multi-potent stem cell” as it original one in Chinese language. More discussion is included as reference in order to attract better ideas from peers. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞；骨髓干细胞；造血干细胞；脂肪干细胞；肿瘤干细胞；胚胎干细胞；脐带脐血干细胞；干细胞诱导；干细胞分化；组织工程 全文链接： Figures and Tables | References | Related Articles | Metrics