Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 2091-2100.doi: 10.12307/2026.598

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Quaternized chitosan hemostatic materials: synthesis, mechanism, and application

Guo Yuchao1, Ni Qianwei2, Yin Chen1, Jigeer·Saiyilihan1, Gao Zhan2     

  1. 1Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China; 2Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-12-31 Accepted:2025-03-21 Online:2026-03-18 Published:2025-07-29
  • Contact: Gao Zhan, Chief physician, Professor, Master’s supervisor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, General Hospital of Xinjiang Military Command, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Guo Yuchao, Master candidate, Physician, Graduate School of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830054, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Xinjiang Military Region General Hospital “Karakoram” Talent Fund Project, No. 2023JC05 (to NQW)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Quaternized chitosan has broad prospects in hemostasis owing to its excellent coagulation mechanism, water solubility, and antibacterial properties.
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress on the synthesis, hemostatic mechanism and application of quaternized chitosan. 
METHODS: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across the WanFang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science databases using Chinese and English search terms included “chitosan, quaternized chitosan, hemostasis, hemostasis material, hydrogel, nanostructures.” Initial screening was performed by reviewing article titles and abstracts to exclude publications unrelated to the research topic. A total of 62 articles were ultimately selected for systematic review. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The cationic properties, adhesion ability, and bioactivity of quaternized chitosan jointly drive the multi-dimensional hemostatic mechanism, showing unique material advantages in the field of emergency hemostasis. Its efficacy not only depends on the physical adsorption of blood water and the concentration of coagulation factors to accelerate blood clot formation (adsorption), but also synergistically enhances the coagulation cascade reaction by inducing red blood cell aggregation and activating platelet adhesion and activation pathways through charge. The antibacterial properties of chitosan given by quaternary ammonium groups can further reduce the risk of infection and provide double protection for wound healing. The quaternized chitosan powder, sponge, hydrogel, and nanocomposite materials were prepared by physical and chemical methods, which can further improve the hemostatic efficacy of the materials. Quaternized chitosan hemostatic materials showed good hemostatic effects and biocompatibility in the in vitro experiments and animal models, but there is currently a lack of sufficient clinical trial data to verify its safety and effectiveness in humans. 


Key words: chitosan, quaternized chitosan, hemostasis, hemostatic power, hemostatic sponge, hydrogel, nanomaterial 

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