Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (7): 1523-1530.doi: 10.12307/2025.029

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Effect of extracellular vesicles for diagnosis and therapy of oral squamous cell carcinoma

Cao Yue1, Ye Xinjian1, 2, Li Biyao1, Zhang Yining1, Feng Jianying1   

  1. 1School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China; 2Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310006, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Received:2023-11-13 Accepted:2024-02-18 Online:2025-03-08 Published:2024-06-28
  • Contact: Feng Jianying, MD, Professor, Chief physician, Master’s supervisor, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
  • About author:Cao Yue, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Zhejiang University Students’ Science and Technology Innovation Program (New Talent Program), No. 2023R410033 (to CY)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Extracellular vesicles are secreted into the extracellular milieu by a wide range of cell types, including tumor cells, under different physiological and pathophysiological conditions, where a wide range of biological signals and cell-to-cell signaling exists. Tumor-derived extracellular vesicles may exacerbate cancer progression, survival, invasion, and promote angiogenesis. 
OBJECTIVE: To review the research progress of extracellular vesicles in the diagnosis and treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma.
METHODS: Literature search was performed by the first author in PubMed, WanFang, CNKI and other databases with the keywords “EVs, oral squamous cell carcinoma, diagnosis and treatment, biopsy, tissue engineering” in Chinese and English. Finally, 63 articles were included for analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In oral squamous carcinoma saliva biopsies, extracellular vesicles play a crucial role in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma by acting as an information transfer tool between tumor cells and the surrounding microenvironment, carrying a wide range of biomolecules including soluble proteins, lipids, DNA, and RNA. These tiny vesicles not only play a key role in tumor growth and spread, but also provide important information about the biological properties of the tumor. (2) Saliva biopsy, as a non-invasive diagnostic method, can open up new possibilities for early diagnosis and targeted treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma by analyzing the extracellular vesicles therein. (3) It has been found that bioactive molecules, such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and specific proteins, contained within extracellular vesicles can serve as biomarkers for oral squamous carcinoma and improve the accuracy of early diagnosis. Specific proteins in extracellular vesicles such as EHD2, CAVIN1, PF4V1, and CXCL7 show potential as novel predictive biomarkers. (4) In addition, this paper highlights the potential application of extracellular vesicles in the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma. Through engineering modifications, extracellular vesicles can serve as a new generation of nanoscale drug delivery systems to enhance the efficiency and specificity of targeted tumor therapy. (5) Future studies will further explore the effect and mechanism of extracellular vesicles in oral squamous cell carcinoma, which is expected to improve patients’ survival and quality of life.

Key words: extracellular vesicle, oral squamous cell carcinoma, diagnosis and treatment, biopsy, tissue engineering, drug carrier, miRNA, exosomes, saliva test, cisplatin resistance

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