Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the construction of guided bone regeneration membrane with biological function, a single material cannot meet the clinical needs due to its insufficient function, so the composite of multiple materials has become a trend of tissue repair engineering. 
OBJECTIVE: To prepare silk fibroin/bioactive glass composite fiber membranes by electrospinning technology, and to characterize the physicochemical properties and biocompatibility in vitro. 
METHODS: The solution of electrospinning was prepared by dissolving 0.8 g silk fibroin protein in 10 mL hexafluoro-isopropanol alcohol, and the nanofiber membrane of silk fibroin protein was prepared by electrospinning technology (denoted as SF fiber membrane). 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.8 g of bioactive glass were added to the electrospinning solution, and the silk fibroin/bioactive glass composite fiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning technology (recorded as SF/1BG, SF/3BG, SF/5BG, and SF/8BG fiber membrane in turn). The physicochemical properties and biocompatibility of five groups of fiber membranes were characterized. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The scanning electron microscopy results showed that nanofibers of the prepared composite membrane were smooth, continuous and uniform and had no beaded structure. There was no obvious adhesion between the silk fibers, and they all showed random arrangement of disordered porous structures. The fiber diameter of the fiber membrane decreased after the addition of bioactive glass. Fourier infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction detection results showed that the chemical structure of silk fibroin protein and bioactive glass in fiber membrane was stable. The water contact angles of SF, SF/1BG, SF/3BG, SF/5BG, and SF/8BG were 105.02°, 72.58°, 78.13°, 79.35°, and 72.50°, respectively. (2) Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on five groups of fiber membranes. CCK-8 assay results showed that SF/1BG, SF/3BG, and SF/5BG fiber membranes could promote the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells compared with SF and SF/8BG. Live cell/dead cell staining showed that the cell vitality on the surface of the five groups of fiber membranes was better, and the number and distribution of cells on the surface of SF/5BG fiber membrane were more uniform. Rhodamine phalloidin staining and scanning electron microscopy exhibited that compared with SF fiber membrane, the SF/5BG fiber membrane was more favorable to the adhesion of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were inoculated on the fiber membrane of the five groups for osteogenic induction differentiation, and the alkaline phosphatase activity of the SF/3BG and SF/5BG groups was higher than that of the other three groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01, P < 0.001). Alizarin red staining showed that the formation of calcium nodules in fiber membrane increased after the addition of bioactive glass, and the formation of calcium nodules in the SF/5BG group was the most. (3) The results show that silk fibroin/bioactive glass composite fiber membrane has good biosafety and biocompatibility.

Key words: eletrospun, guided bone regeneration, bioactive glass, silk fibroin, alveolar bone defect, repair and regeneration