Pathological changes and expression of related adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cell injury in heatstroke pigs

doi:10.12307/2023.146

Abstract

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Heatstroke is a highly fatal syndrome characterized by extensive endothelial cell injury and multiple organ failure caused by high temperature. The common complication is abnormal coagulation function, and vascular endothelial disease plays a key role in the coagulation disorder caused by severe heatstroke.
OBJECTIVE: To observe the pathological changes of vascular endothelial cell injury in severe heatstroke pigs and the expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1.
METHODS: Twelve healthy male Bama miniature pigs (conventional animals) weighing 15-20 kg were randomly divided into normal temperature control group (n=6) and heatstroke group (n=6). Severe heatstroke pig model was made in the heatstroke group under high temperature and humidity environment. The pigs in the normal temperature control group were placed in a constant temperature humidity chamber. Venous blood samples before and after the experiment was collected for blood routine and coagulation function examinations in the two groups. The abdominal aorta, coronary artery and lung tissue samples at the same position were taken, and the pathological changes of the samples in the two groups were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical staining was used to observe the level of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the two groups. The ultrastructural changes of the coronary artery and lung were observed by high-power transmission electron microscope.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There were no significant changes in activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product level and red blood cell and platelet counts in the normal temperature control group before and after the experiment (P > 0.05). The red blood cell count, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, plasma D-dimer and fibrinogen degradation products in the heatstroke group increased significantly after the experiment and were higher than those in the normal temperature control group. Whereas, the platelet count decreased in the heatstroke group after the experimental and was significantly lower than that in the normal temperature control group (P < 0.05). Hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the pathological structure of abdominal aorta, coronary artery and pulmonary microvessels in the normal temperature control group was normal. Abdominal aortic endothelial cells in the heatstroke group were slightly edematous without obvious abnormalities; thrombosis, endothelial cell abscission, and necrosis were observed in the coronary artery, and the cell number decreased; and pulmonary microvascular diffuse hemorrhage and the number of endothelial cells decreased significantly. Immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 with a large number of brownish yellow lines on the serosa of endothelial cells was observed in the abdominal aorta, coronary artery and lung of normal temperature control group; the number of endothelial cells on the serosa decreased significantly or the expression was absent and the light yellow intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was weakly positive in the heatstroke group; the average absorbance value of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in vascular tissue in the heatstroke group was significantly lower than that in the normal temperature control group (P < 0.05). Under the electron microscope, irregular nuclei and swollen mitochondria were observed in coronary artery tissue in the heatstroke group, as well as a small amount of swollen nuclei and mitochondria observed in the lung tissue. To conclude, heatstroke can cause an injury to vascular endothelial cells, especially microvascular injury, in miniature pigs.

Key words: heatstroke, vascular endothelial cell injury, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, coagulation function

CLC Number:

Hu Lingling, Ni Jun, Fu Gang, Zhang Jing. Pathological changes and expression of related adhesion molecules in vascular endothelial cell injury in heatstroke pigs[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2023, 27(17): 2644-2650.

Figures/Tables 14

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