Establishment of cerebral infarction models in beagle dogs by superselective catheterization via the vertebral basilar artery: cerebral arterial digital subtraction angiography manifestation

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.40.014

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: It is difficult to perform superselective catheterization of the internal carotid artery in dogs because of the large bending and spiral shape of the interal carotid artery before entering into the skull. At present, the dog models of cerebral infarction established by injecting autologous blood clots and gelatin sponge via the internal carotid artery are far from the perspective of pathological mechanism of human patients with cerebral infarction. Aortography can visualize the structure of cerebral vessels and is likely to provide a new condition for the establishment of dog models of acute cerebral infarction.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the feasibility of establishing cerebral infarction models in beagle dogs by superselective catheterization via the vertebral basilar artery.

METHODS: Five beagle dogs were divided into thrombus group (n=3) and control group (n=2). The beagle dogs in the thrombus group were subjected to digital subtraction angiography of the aortic arch, bilateral common carotid arteries and vertebral arteries in addition to femoral arterial catheterization. The 2.7F micro-catheter was inserted into the convergence zone of the left posterior communicating artery and the internal carotid artery through the vertebrobasilar artery. An autologous blood clot was injected into the convergence zone. The dogs in the control group were injected with appropriate amount of contrast medium.

RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Through angiography of the left and right common carotid artery of five dogs, thick external carotid arteries (10/10) and their branches were clearly displayed, however, only five (5/10) internal carotid arteries were dimly present. A spiral vascular loop formed in the internal carotid artery with a small-sized diameter. Through antiography of the left and right vertebral arteries (10/10) angiography, vertebral basilar artery, the circle of “Willis”, bilateral posterior cerebral arteries, bilateral middle cerebral arteries and bilateral anterior cerebral arteries were clearly displayed, all these contribute to insertion of microcatheter into the convergence zone of the left posterior communicating artery and the internal carotid artery through the vertebrobasilar artery. High signal intensity of the left temporal lobe was shown on 3-hour and 6-hour diffusion weighted images.The results demonstrate that the beagle dog models of acute cerebral infarction can be successfully established by injecting autologous blood clots into the left middle cerebral artery through a microcathter inserted via the vertebrobasilar artery, which provides a new method of precisely occluding the middle cerebral artery of beagle dogs by catheterization.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：肾移植；肝移植；移植；心脏移植；组织移植；皮肤移植；皮瓣移植；血管移植；器官移植；组织工程

Key words: Vertebral Artery, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Angiography, Digital Subtraction, Thromboembolism, Intracranial Embolism

CLC Number:

R318

Wei Wen-jiang, Xiao Cheng-jiang, Li Li-heng, Xiao Ke-xi, Zhao Zhi-xiang, Xu Guang, Tang Ying-hong. Establishment of cerebral infarction models in beagle dogs by superselective catheterization via the vertebral basilar artery: cerebral arterial digital subtraction angiography manifestation[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2015, 19(40): 6470-6474.

Figures/Tables 4

References

[1] Sudlow CL, Warlow CP. Comparable studies of the incidence of stroke and its pathological types: results from an international collaboration. International Stroke Incidence Collaboration. Stroke. 1997;28(3):491-499.
[2] Grunwald IQ, Wakhloo AK, Walter S, et al. Endovascular stroke treatment today. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2011; 32(2):238-243.
[3] Widimský P, Ko?nar B, Štětká?ová I. Modern treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Vnitr Lek. 2014;60(12):1086-1089.
[4] Hayakawa M. Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke: past, present and future. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2014; 54(12):1197-1199.
[5] Pierot L, Soize S, Benaissa A, et al. Techniques for endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke: from intra-arterial fibrinolytics to stent-retrievers. Stroke. 2015; 46(3):909-914.
[6] Comai A, Haglmüller T, Ferro F, et al. Sequential endovascular thrombectomy approach (SETA) to acute ischemic stroke: preliminary single-centre results and cost analysis. Radiol Med. 2015. in press.
[7] Hlavica M, Diepers M, Garcia-Esperon C, et al. Pharmacological recanalization therapy in acute ischemic stroke - Evolution, current state and perspectives of intravenous and intra-arterial thrombolysis. J Neuroradiol. 2015;42(1):30-46.
[8] Alkhalili K, Chalouhi N, Tjoumakaris S, et al. Endovascular intervention for acute ischemic stroke in light of recent trials. ScientificWorldJournal. 2014;2014:429549.
[9] Iwata T. Current and future prospects of endovascular treatment for acute ischemic stroke. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2014;54(12):1200-1202.
[10] Turc G, Isabel C, Calvet D. Intravenous thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. Diagn Interv Imaging. 2014;95(12): 1129-1133.
[11] Mokin M, Khalessi AA, Mocco J, et al. Endovascular treatment of acute ischemic stroke: the end or just the beginning? Neurosurg Focus. 2014;36(1):E5.
[12] Yamagami H, Sakai N. Current status of endovascular therapy for acute ischemic stroke. Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2013;53(11):1166-1168.
[13] Kang BT, Lee JH, Jung DI, et al. Canine model of ischemic stroke with permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion: clinical and histopathological findings. J Vet Sci. 2007;8(4):369-376.
[14] Lu SS, Liu S, Zu QQ, et al. Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging for assessing lacunar infarction after proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion in a canine model. Chin Med J (Engl). 2013;126(2):311-317.
[15] Liu S, Hu WX, Zu QQ, et al. A novel embolic stroke model resembling lacunar infarction following proximal middle cerebral artery occlusion in beagle dogs. J Neurosci Methods. 2012;209(1):90-96.
[16] Borsody MK, Yamada C, Bielawski D, et al. Effects of noninvasive facial nerve stimulation in the dog middle cerebral artery occlusion model of ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2014;45(4):1102-1107.
[17] Zu QQ, Liu S, Xu XQ, et al. An endovascular canine stroke model: middle cerebral artery occlusion with autologous clots followed by ipsilateral internal carotid artery blockade. Lab Invest. 2013;93(7):760-767.
[18] Boulos AS, Deshaies EM, Dalfino JC, et al. Tamoxifen as an effective neuroprotectant in an endovascular canine model of stroke. J Neurosurg. 2011;114(4):1117-1126.
[19] 刘圣,施海彬,胡卫星,等.毕格犬和杂种犬脑血管及脑组织的对照研究[J].介入放射学杂志,2011,20(9):717-722.
[20] Purdy PD, Horowitz MB, Mathews D, et al. Calcium 45 autoradiography and dual-isotope single-photon emission CT in a canine model of cerebral ischemia and middle cerebral artery occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 1996;17(6):1161- 1170.
[21] Rink C, Christoforidis G, Abduljalil A, et al. Minimally invasive neuroradiologic model of preclinical transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in canines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008; 105(37):14100-14105.
[22] Dwyer MG, Bergsland N, Saluste E, et al. Application of hidden Markov random field approach for quantification of perfusion/diffusion mismatch in acute ischemic stroke. Neurol Res. 2008;30(8):827-834.
[23] González RG, Schaefer PW, Buonanno FS, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging: diagnostic accuracy in patients imaged within 6 hours of stroke symptom onset. Radiology. 1999;210(1):155-162.
[24] Romero JM, Schaefer PW, Grant PE, et al. Diffusion MR imaging of acute ischemic stroke. Neuroimaging Clin N Am. 2002;12(1):35-53.
[25] 孙静华,刘海霞,付英杰,等.头颈部CTA、DWI及ABCD2评分在短暂性脑缺血发作中的应用[J].实用放射学杂志,2012,28(4): 504-508.
[26] Audebert HJ, Fiebach JB. Brain imaging in acute ischemic stroke—MRI or CT? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2015;15(3):6.
[27] Yoo RE, Yun TJ, Rhim JH, et al. Bright vessel appearance on arterial spin labeling MRI for localizing arterial occlusion in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2015;46(2):564-567.
[28] Madai VI, Galinovic I, Grittner U, et al. DWI intensity values predict FLAIR lesions in acute ischemic stroke. PLoS One. 2014;9(3):e92295.
[29] Lettau M, Laible M. 3-T high-b-value diffusion-weighted MR imaging in hyperacute ischemic stroke. J Neuroradiol. 2013; 40(3):149-157.
[30] Nagashima H, Doi K, Ogura T, et al. Automated adjustment of display conditions in brain MR images: diffusion-weighted MRIs and apparent diffusion coefficient maps for hyperacute ischemic stroke. Radiol Phys Technol. 2013;6(1):202-209.
[31] Vymazal J, Rulseh AM, Keller J, et al. Comparison of CT and MR imaging in ischemic stroke. Insights Imaging. 2012;3(6): 619-627.
[32] González RG. Clinical MRI of acute ischemic stroke. J Magn Reson Imaging. 2012;36(2):259-271.
[33] Mitomi M, Kimura K, Aoki J, et al. Comparison of CT and DWI findings in ischemic stroke patients within 3 hours of onset. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2014;23(1):37-42.
[34] 罗中华,宦怡,贺洪德,等.急性缺血性脑卒中介入取栓器血栓模型的机械特性比较[J].介入放射学杂志,2013,22(4):317-321.
[35] Rath DP, Little CM, Zhang H, et al. Sodium pentobarbital versus alpha-chloralose anesthesia. Experimental production of substantially different slopes in the transmural CP/ATP ratios within the left ventricle of the canine myocardium. Circulation. 1995;91(2):471-475.
[36] Muñoz-Islas E, Gupta S, Jiménez-Mena LR, et al. Donitriptan, but not sumatriptan, inhibits capsaicin-induced canine external carotid vasodilatation via 5-HT1B rather than 5-HT1D receptors. Br J Pharmacol. 2006;149(1):82-91.
[37] Ogün CO, Ta?tekin G, Kire?i D, et al. A new reversible ischemic neurologic deficit model in dogs. Med Sci Monit. 2008;14(10):BR214-218.