Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (18): 3856-3867.doi: 10.12307/2025.667

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Molecular mechanism of active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus against osteoporosis 

Wang Wenchi1, 2, Xia Tian2, Wu Ruiqi1, 2, Liang Haohan3, Ni Zhenyang1, 2, Zhang Zhenhao1, 2, Li Zhenxing4, Chen Guanghui4, Su Han4     

  1. 1Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 2Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; 3Taihe Hospital of Wannan Medical College, Fuyang 236600, Anhui Province, China; 4First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Received:2024-07-16 Accepted:2024-08-28 Online:2025-06-28 Published:2024-11-28
  • Contact: Li Zhenxing, Associate chief physician, Associate professor, Master’s supervisor, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • About author:Wang Wenchi, Master candidate, Ruikang Hospital, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China; Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanning 530000, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China
  • Supported by:
    Guangxi Medical and Healthcare Appropriate Technology Development and Popularization and Application Project, No. S2022053; Guangxi Universities and Colleges Young and Middle-aged Teachers’ Scientific Research Basic Ability Enhancement Project, No. 2021KY0302; Guangxi High-level Chinese Medicine Key Discipline Construction Project, No. 2024016-02-04; Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Research Laboratory Construction Project - Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine Meridian and Tendon Rehabilitation Key Research Laboratory, No. 2024019-03; Guangxi Key Cultivation Discipline Construction Project of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. GZXK-Z-20-32; Guangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine High-level Talent Team Construction Project - High-level Talent Cultivation Innovative Team, No. 2022A006; Guangxi Seventh Batch of National Old Chinese Medicine Experts Academic Experience Inheritance Work Project in 2024 (to XT); 2024 Guangxi Chinese Medicine Appropriate Technology Development and Promotion Project, No. GZSY22-39 (to XT); 2023 Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Doctoral Research Initiation Fund Project, No. 2023BS018 (to XT) 

Abstract: BACKGROUND:  Traditional Chinese medicine has been proved to have a significant role in anti-osteoporosis, and the effectiveness and mechanism of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and its the active ingredients against osteoporosis have gradually gained the attention of scholars.
OBJECTIVE: To analyze and summarize the research progress of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus and its active ingredients against osteoporosis in vitro and in vivo.
METHODS: We searched the relevant literature included in CNKI and PubMed databases using the search terms of “Osteoporosis, Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, Osteoblast, Osteoclast, Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, Signal path” in Chinese and English, respectively. According to the needs of the research, we established the corresponding criteria and screened the literature. A total of 82 papers were included in the final review.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus that exert anti-osteoporotic effects in vitro and in vivo mainly involve the following: Salidroside activates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by inhibiting the expression of Sclerostin and Dickkopf-related protein 1. This activation process enhances the expression of phosphorylated low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 in ovariectomized rats and primary osteoblasts, while decreasing the expression of glycogen synthase kinase 3β. Further, it promotes the expression of β-catenin, runt-related transcription factor 2 and cellular myelocytomatosis oncogene in the nucleus, thereby promoting the bone formation capacity of osteoblasts. The advantage is that it acts directly on osteoblasts to promote bone formation, which provides a new strategy for the treatment of osteoporosis. (2) Olive bittersweet significantly increases bone mineral density and regulates bone metabolism by decreasing terminal interleukin-6 and alkaline phosphatase concentrations in Sprague-Dawley rats. In vitro experiments showed that olive bittersweet promotes the proliferation of osteoblasts and up-regulates the protein and mRNA expression of osteoprotegerin, while inhibiting the protein and mRNA expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand. This mechanism of action is closely related to the regulation of the balance of the osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand system, demonstrating the advantage of increasing bone mineral density and maintaining bone health by regulating factors related to bone metabolism, but there is no significant effect on Ca2+ concentration, which may limit its use in some specific types of osteoporosis. (3) By decreasing the expression of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, reducing the phosphorylation of protein kinase B and the expression of osteoclast-specific marker protein c-Fos, pineconiferin effectively inhibits the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B/c-Fos pathway in osteoclasts. This inhibition reduces the proliferation and maturation of osteoclasts, which can help to reduce bone resorption. The advantage of this inhibition is that it can directly target osteoclasts, which provides a new target for osteoporosis treatment. However, the specific regulatory mechanism of osteoclasts needs to be studied in depth, and its long-term effect and safety need to be further evaluated. (4) The active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus have shown good therapeutic effects on osteoporosis, but their mechanism of action is complex, involving the interaction of multiple genes, proteins and signaling pathways. In the future, large-scale clinical trials need to be carried out to verify its effectiveness and safety, and the strategy of combining the active ingredients of Ligustri Lucidi Fructus with other drugs needs to be further explored in order to obtain better therapeutic effects. 

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点:组织构建;骨细胞;软骨细胞;细胞培养;成纤维细胞;血管内皮细胞;骨质疏松;组织工程

Key words:  Ligustri Lucidi Fructus, osteoporosis, oxidative stress, bone resorption, osteogenic differentiation, signaling pathway, pathogenesis, review

CLC Number: