Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2020, Vol. 24 ›› Issue (30): 4882-4888.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2838
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He Qi1, Zhang Gangyu1, Wang Haibin2, Chen Peng2
Received:
2020-02-17
Revised:
2020-02-24
Accepted:
2020-04-03
Online:
2020-10-28
Published:
2020-09-22
Contact:
Chen Peng, MD, Associate chief physician, Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
About author:
He Qi, Master candidate, First Clinical Medicine School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, Guangdong Province, China
Supported by:
CLC Number:
He Qi, Zhang Gangyu, Wang Haibin, Chen Peng. Involvement and significance of large transmembrane protein Piezo1 in orthopedic related diseases[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2020, 24(30): 4882-4888.
2.2 Piezo1离子通道的门控特点 作为细胞表达一系列的力传感器,在细胞机械转导时,Piezo1的门控特点在细胞质膜内外部所受力的过程中不可或缺,见图2。当Piezo1机械敏感离子通道在生理条件下感受机械应力刺激后产生内向电流, 这种门控功能介导的机械-电转导非常迅速,在胞膜去极化的同时伴随胞内正电荷增加,从而在2 ms内即可将机械刺激转化为一系列下游细胞信号[14]。Piezo1通道通过直接的膜张力进行门控, 所以任何改变膜张力的生理作用力理论上都可激活通道,如戳刺、拉伸、流体剪切力等[15]。Piezo1通道对阳离子具有非选择渗透性,对Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+全部渗透,但更偏向Ca2+[16]。通过双层膜结构重建技术[17],当膜表面的张力足够大,便可引起Piezo1通道的激活,引起钙内流;当使用细胞松弛素D干预细胞破坏细胞骨架后,可观察到细胞上Piezo1通道激活的频率增加,从而验证了Piezo1是一种成孔通道亚基,它对机械性刺激敏感,但也会受到细胞骨架因素的影响[22-24],这证明了Piezo1通道的门控性。人造液滴脂质双分子层实验表明,Piezo1响应机械力的过程不需要任何其他细胞组分, 说明Piezo1的机械敏感性是固有的,不需要其他蛋白质或第二信使信号激活[25]。另外有研究发现,除了机械刺激之外Piezo1通道也受电压调控, 甚至可以切换到纯电压门控模式[26]。某些引起人类疾病的突变[27](如干瘪细胞增多症及淋巴发育不良)会极大改变Piezo1通道对静息膜电位的电压敏感性,并强烈促进电压门控。 "
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