Porous tantalum in orthopedic applications: joint replacement and cartilage reconstruction scaffolds

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.2015.12.026

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Porous tantalum with high porosity, low elastic modulus, high friction coefficient has stable biological characters and good biocompatibility, which is considered as an ideal implant material in orthopedic surgery.
OBJECTIVE: To review the application situation of porous tantalum used in artificial joints, spine, bone necrosis, defects of bone and so on.
METHODS: A computer-based search of PubMed, Wanfang, and VIP databases was performed for relevant articles published from 1990 to 2014 using the keywords of “porous tantalum, biological character, orthopedic applications” in English and Chinese.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Porous tantalum is a kind of good orthopedic implant material, with high porosity, low elastic modulus, high friction coefficient, and good compatibility. Porous tantalum is mostly used in the preparation of integrated acetabular cup, total hip arthroplasty acetabular cup, acetabular reinforcing pad, porous tantalum metal rod, tibial plateau prosthesis, patellar prosthesis and tibial plateau prosthesis, which has achieved good clinical effects.

中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料；骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性；组织工程

全文链接：

Key words: Tantalum, Hip Prosthesis, Joint Prosthesis

CLC Number:

R318

Li Bin, Xia Qing, Hua Yong-xin, Yang Guang, Pei Xiao-jie . Porous tantalum in orthopedic applications: joint replacement and cartilage reconstruction scaffolds[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2015, 19(12): 1943-1947.

Figures/Tables 1

2.1 多孔钽金属的生物学特性多孔钽金属的制作过程是先热降解多聚泡沫材料聚亚安酯前体，得到多重的十二面体排列的碳骨架，这一碳骨架呈纵横交错的网格和遍布整体的微孔，然后将纯钽通过化学气相沉积/渗透技术(CVD/CVI)结合到这种交联的碳骨架上，由此形成类似松质骨结构的金属支架网络。理想的骨科植入材料必须具有较好的机械性能。固态钽金属的弹性模量相对较高，约为185 GPa，与多孔碳骨架结合后其弹性模量显著降低，约为3 GPa，介于松质骨(0.1-0.5 GPa)和皮质骨(12-18 GPa)之间，明显低于钛合金(110 GPa)和钴铬合金(220 GPa)。钽金属的弹性模量与软骨下骨相近，但其强度却是后者的10倍。多孔钽的孔隙率高达75%-85%，而钛喷涂金属表面的孔隙率是40%-50%，钴铬合金熔结珍珠面的孔隙率是30%-35%。与自体骨移植物和传统的金属材料相比，多孔钽金属能提供更好的初始稳定性。钽不仅对人体没有任何损害，而且人体的肌肉骨骼还可以在其上生长，医学上称之谓生物相容性[8]。钽金属目前在医学各学科中应用于修补片、缝线、放射标志物及人工关节假体表面等。研究发现，多孔钽植入物在体内形成了惰性氧化涂层，使其能适应体内的各种酸碱环境，表现出良好的稳定性[9]。多孔钽还可以促进细胞增殖，提高成骨细胞的造骨能力[10-11]。动物实验证明，多孔钽能为骨长入和机械性联结提供结构支架[12-13]，并且多孔钽金属的结构除了具有促进骨长入的作用[14-15]，还能够促进纤维组织长入，能够促进韧带和肌腱直接连接到假体表面。早期研究发现纤维组织在多孔结构中能够快速愈合[12]，当多孔钽金属孔径增加到50 μm时更能够促进这种愈合。增加孔径、孔隙率和植入时间能够使假体界面的血管化和组织附着力相应增加[16]。 2.2 多孔钽金属在骨外科应用见图1。"

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