Effect of maximum isokinetic centrifugal exercise training at fast and slow speeds on knee extensors

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-4344.1454

Abstract

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: In lower steps, downhill running, and squatting training, the lower limb muscles are in centrifugal contraction, and it is easy to cause soreness of extensor muscles and minor muscle damage. However, there are few reports on the injury caused by the application of elbow flexor with the same centrifugal speed to extensor muscles.
OBJECTIVE: To reveal the law of muscle injury by given maximum isokinetic eccentric contraction exercise at fast and slow speeds to the knee extensor.
METHODS: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Chongqing Vocational College of Applied Technology. Sixteen untrained healthy male college students were selected and signed the informed consents. During the period of 2 weeks, the left and right legs of each participant were given 120 seconds of maximum isokinetic eccentric contraction exercise at slow ((30 (°)/s, 6 groups x 5 times)) and fast (210 (°)/s, 6 groups x 35 times) speeds, respectively. The degree of muscle soreness, thigh circumference, knee joint range of motion, maximum autonomic isometric muscle strength, and blood creatine kinase activity were measured before and after exercise.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Muscle soreness peaked at 2-3 days after the end of training at different speeds, which showed that muscle soreness induced by rapid training was more serious than slow training, but both of them could recover to the level before training on day 5 after the end of exercise. (2) Thigh circumference increased at different speeds, but thigh circumference increased significantly faster than slow training and recovered more slowly. (3) The range of motion and maximum isometric muscle strength of knee joint after rapid training were significantly lower than those after slow training. The recovery speed of both was significantly different, which showed that range of motion of knee joint and maximum isometric muscle strength decreased slowly after slow training, and basically returned to the level after training on day 3 after the end of slow training. In fast condition, range of motion of knee joint and maximum isometric muscle strength decreased significantly, peaked later, and recovery was more significant, and took longer time to recover completely on day 5 after the training. (4) The creatine kinase activity induced by fast training was significantly higher than that induced by slow training, and the slow training could recover quickly, but the creatine kinase activity of fast training group was still increasing on day 5 after the end of training, which showed that the muscle damage caused by fast training was much higher than that caused by slow training. (5) These results imply that the difference of muscle soreness, thigh circumference, range of motion of knee joint, maximum isometric muscle strength, blood creatine kinase, maximal muscle strength and recovery time caused by centrifugal contraction may be related to the total amount of centrifugal training. On the premise of controlling the activation time of fast and slow speed muscles, the degree of muscle injury caused by rapid isokinetic centrifugal training is much higher than that caused by slow speed, which supports the conclusion that centrifugal contraction speed is related to muscle injury. It also confirms that rapid centrifugal exercise is more likely to cause muscle injury.

Key words: muscle soreness, centrifugal contraction, creatine kinase, range of motion of joints, maximum isometric muscle strength, thigh circumference, isokinetic muscle strength, muscle strength decline rate

CLC Number:

Liu Yun. Effect of maximum isokinetic centrifugal exercise training at fast and slow speeds on knee extensors[J]. Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research, 2019, 23(31): 4962-4968.

Figures/Tables 3

2.1 参与者数量分析试验纳入受试者16名，试验过程无脱失，全部进入结果分析。 2.2 快、慢两种最大等速离心收缩训练后的观察时间点与最大等速离心收缩训练前测肌肉酸痛程度比较表1显示：①最大等速离心训练后即刻(第0天)及结束后第1-5天肌肉酸痛程度皆一致表现为快速收缩显著高于慢速收缩(P < 0.05)；②LSD多重比较发现，无论是慢速还是快速收缩，肌肉酸痛皆在训练后的第2，3天达到最大酸痛，随即开始下降，约在运动结束后第5天方可达到训练前水平。 2.3 快、慢两种最大等速离心收缩训练后的观察时间点与最大等速离心收缩训练前测大腿围比较表2显示：①最大等速离心训练后即刻(第0天)慢、快2种收缩速度所得大腿围大腿围无显著差异(P > 0.05)，但结束后第1-5天所测大腿围则一致表现为快速收缩显著大于慢速收缩(P < 0.05)；②LSD多重比较发现，慢速收缩情况下，大腿围在训练后的第2，3天达到最大值，随即在第5天基本恢复到原来水平；快速收缩情况下，大腿围同样有训练后第2-3天达到最大值，但在训练结束后第5天其值依旧未能恢复至原有水平。 2.4 快、慢两种最大等速离心收缩训练后的观察时间点与最大等速离心收缩训练前测膝关节活动范围比较表3显示：①最大等速离心训练后即刻(第0天)及随后第1天至第4天，快收缩下膝关节活动范围显著小于慢收缩(P < 0.05)，但结束后第5天，慢、快两种速度下所测膝关节活动范围几乎无差异(P < 0.05)；②LSD多重比较发现，慢速收缩情况下，在离心训练结束至第3天，膝关节活动范围显著下降，随后在第4天几乎恢复到训练前的水平；快速收缩情况下，同样在离心训练结束至第5天，膝关节活动范围显著下降，虽然从第3天开始出现明显的恢复现象，但直至结束后第5天依旧未到达到训练前的水平。 2.5 快、慢两种最大等速离心收缩训练后的观察时间点与最大等速离心收缩训练前测最大等长肌力比较表4显示：①最大等速离心训练后即刻(第0天)及随后第1-5天，快收缩下最大等长肌力显著小于慢收缩(P < 0.05)，即使在训练结束后第5天，快速训练下的最大等长肌力依旧未能恢复正常状况；②LSD多重比较发现，慢速收缩情况下，离心训练结束即刻，最大等长肌力只有轻微下降，在训练结束的第1天至第2天，最大等长肌力急著下降至谷底，随后在第3天几乎恢复到训练前的水平；快速收缩情况下，训练结束即刻(0天)，最大等长肌力就下降至谷底，在随后的第1天至第4天，最大等长肌力出现恢复迹象不多，在结束后的第5天最大等长肌力有明显上升趋势，但依旧未能达到训练前的水平。 2.6 快、慢两种最大等速离心收缩训练后的观察时间点与最大等速离心收缩训练前测血液中的肌酸肌酶活性比较表5显示：①最大等速离心训练后的第1天至第5天，快收缩下血液中的血液肌酸激酶活性皆显著高于慢收缩(P < 0.05)；②LSD多重比较发现，慢速收缩情况下，在离心训练结束至第3天，血液肌酸激酶酶活性达到峰值，随后在第4天至第5天稍有下降，但依旧未能恢复到训练前的水平；快速收缩情况下，离心训练结束后从第1天至第5天，血液肌酸激酶酶活性一直呈现显著增长趋势，且在结束后第5天达到顶峰值。"

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