Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Tissue-engineered artificial bone is an effective way to solve the bone deficiency of traditional bone grafting, and the slow formation of new bones. Furthermore, looking for the factors and technology which promote cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation is a key of current study on tissue engineering bone.
OBJECTIVE: To overall understand the osteogenic mechanism, function and expression and purification methods of bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP-9) and to lay the foundation for better implementation of osteogenic differentiation factor in clinical bone formation and repair bone defects.
METHODS: A computer-based retrieval was performed in PubMed database (2000-01/2010-12) and CNKI database (2006-01/2010-12) to search review, reports regarding BMP-9. The osteogenic mechanism, function and expression and purification of BMP-9 were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Twenty-one papers regarding BMP-9 were included. In the process of bone formation induced by BMP-9, classical Wnt signaling pathway, Hey 1, basic Helix-loop-helix protein, peroxidase of proliferation activation receptor-gamma-2, activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), ALK2, insulin-like growth factor-2, type of vitamin A and other mechanisms play an important role. At present, BMP-9 has proven to be the transforming growth factor that has the strongest osteogenic potential in vivo and in vitro. Studies on BMP-9 mainly taking recombinant adeno-associated virus as a vector, but the current construction of the virus vectors will have many genes of the proteins encoded, whose expression products have strong immunogenicity, and the application has security risks. Some scholars used eukaryotic plasmid as vector and transfected it into enkaryotic cells and obtained bone morphogenetic protein-4. But whether this method can be used to produce BMP-9 and to solve the adenovirus-application security issues, and provide clinical treatment of bone defect with biotechnical support, still requires further study.