Abstract: BACKGROUND: In the process of repairing bone defects using guided bone regeneration technology, the barrier membrane needs to prevent surrounding soft tissue from entering the bone defect area while also allowing osteoblasts to preferentially grow into the area. Therefore, researching a barrier membrane with excellent performance is of great significance for the implementation of this technology.
OBJECTIVE: To prepare zinc-magnesium polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic periosteum and analyze its performance. 
METHODS: Polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic periosteum was prepared using electrospinning technology, including pure polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (denoted as PVDF membranes), polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic periosteum doped with 1%, 2%, and 3% ZnCl2 (denoted as 1%ZnCl2-PVDF, 2%ZnCl2-PVDF, and 3%ZnCl2-PVDF membranes, respectively), polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic periosteum doped with 1%, 2%, and 3% MgCl2 (denoted as 1%MgCl2-PVDF, 2%MgCl2-PVDF, and 3%MgCl2-PVDF membranes, respectively), and polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic periosteum doped with 1%, 2%, and 3% (ZnCl2+MgCl2) [denoted as 1%(ZnCl2+MgCl2)-PVDF, 2%(ZnCl2+MgCl2)-PVDF, and 3%(ZnCl2+MgCl2)-PVDF membranes, respectively]. The microstructure, β-phase content, zinc and magnesium ion release, maximum tensile load, and water contact angle of the polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic bone membranes were characterized.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Scanning electron microscopy showed that the nanofibers of the 10 groups of periosteum were interwoven to form a network. Among them, the PVDF, 1%ZnCl2-PVDF, 1%MgCl2-PVDF, and 1%(ZnCl2+MgCl2)-PVDF membranes had a uniform texture and relatively consistent fiber diameters. After the bone membranes were immersed in PBS for 14 days, the release of zinc and magnesium ions from the 1%ZnCl2-PVDF, 1%MgCl2-PVDF, and 1%(ZnCl2+MgCl2)-PVDF membranes was relatively stable. Combining microscopic morphology and zinc and magnesium ion release, subsequent tests were conducted on PVDF, 1%ZnCl2-PVDF, 1%MgCl2-PVDF, and 1%(ZnCl2+MgCl2)-PVDF membranes. (2) The addition of 1%ZnCl2 and/or 1%MgCl2 had no significant effect on the β-phase content of the polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic bone membrane. The PVDF membrane had the lowest maximum tensile load, while the 1%ZnCl2-PVDF membrane had the highest maximum tensile load. The addition of 1%ZnCl2 and/or 1%MgCl2 had no significant effect on the water contact angle of the polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic periosteum. (3) The results show that the polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic periosteum doped with 1%ZnCl2 and/or 1%MgCl2 has good surface morphology and mechanical properties.

Key words: biomimetic periosteum, polyvinylidene fluoride biomimetic periosteum, zinc ion, magnesium ion, electrospinning, physical properties, nanofiber membrane