Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9017-9023.doi: 10.12307/2026.870

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The functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of PIEZO channels in nervous system diseases

Liu Yuxiao1, Huang Sijing1, Geng Longyu1, Gao Beiyao2, Yang Guang3, Ge Ruidong2, Gao Qi1   

  1. 1School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100091, China; 2Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China; 3Jingzhong Medical District of the PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100088, China
  • Received:2025-10-29 Revised:2026-01-29 Online:2026-12-08 Published:2026-04-14
  • Contact: Ge Ruidong, PhD, Associate chief therapeutist, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
  • About author:Liu Yuxiao, MS candidate, School of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Beijing Sport University, Beijing 100091, China
  • Supported by:
    National High-Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding, No. 2025-NHLHCRF-PY-41 (to GRD) 

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Recent studies have demonstrated that mechanotransduction plays a critical role in the pathological processes of neurological disorders. PIEZO channels, as key mechanosensitive ion channels, serve as core mediators in sensing and transducing mechanical signals. However, a systematic review of their specific roles across various neurological diseases is relatively lacking.
OBJECTIVE: To explore the roles and molecular mechanisms ofPIEZO1 and PIEZO2 channels in central and peripheral nervous system diseases, and to evaluate their potential as therapeutic targets.
METHODS: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases from January 2010 to May 2025. English search terms were “central nervous system diseases,” “central nervous system disorder,” “cns disease,” “cns diseases,” “central nervous system disorders,” “neurodegenerative disease,” “autonomic nervous system diseases,” “brain diseases,” “central nervous system infections,” “high pressure neurological syndrome,” “spinal cord diseases,” “PIEZO1 channel,” “PIEZO2 channel,” and “PIEZO channel.” Chinese search terms included “nervous system diseases,” “central nervous system diseases,” “PIEZO1,” “PIEZO2,” and “PIEZO.” A combination of subject headings and free-text terms was employed in the search strategy. Based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 English-language articles were selected for systematic analysis, with mechanisms categorized by disease types.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) PIEZO1 ion channels are highly expressed in gliomas and correlate with malignancy and poor prognosis, while calcium channels drive tumor progression through dual mechanisms: promoting tumor proliferation and remodeling microenvironment stiffness. (2) Intracerebral hemorrhage activates neuronal PIEZO2 ion channels, promoting iron transporter expression and increasing intracellular iron accumulation, thereby inducing ferroptosis and exacerbating secondary brain injury. Meanwhile, dysfunction of PIEZO1 ion channels disrupts cerebral vascular integrity and the blood-brain barrier. (3) Upregulation of PIEZO2 in traumatic brain injury exacerbates neuronal death and promotes the release of inflammatory factors. (4) Activation of PIEZO1 promotes the drainage of fluid in the brain and thereby alleviates hydrocephalus. (5) PIEZO1 dysfunction underlies amyloid-β toxicity, glial activation, vascular impairment, and metabolic abnormalities in Alzheimer’s disease. (6) PIEZO1 inhibits myelination and modulates immune responses in multiple sclerosis. (7) PIEZO1 mediates pulsatile pain in migraines induced by blood flow pulsations. (8) Elevated intraocular pressure upregulates PIEZO1 and PIEZO2 ion channels, leading to retinal ganglion cell hyperexcitability and metabolic stress-induced damage. (9) PIEZO ion channels regulate neuronal excitability in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as proprioceptive and baroreflex abnormalities, representing a potential therapeutic target.


Key words: PIEZO channels, neurological diseases, central nervous system diseases, peripheral nervous system diseases, mechanotransduction, molecular mechanisms, review

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