Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (34): 9024-9031.doi: 10.12307/2026.814

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Role and mechanism of exercise-regulated miRNAs in cardiac remodeling after acute myocardial infarction

Luan Chuankai, Zhu Lei   

  1. College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, Shandong Province, China 
  • Received:2025-09-10 Revised:2025-12-12 Online:2026-12-08 Published:2026-04-14
  • Contact: Zhu Lei, PhD, Professor, Doctoral supervisor, College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Luan Chuankai, PhD candidate, College of Physical Education and Sport Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273100, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Shandong Provincial Professional Postgraduate Teaching Case Database Project, No. SDYAL20103 (to ZL) 

Abstract: BACKGROUND: The pathological manifestations of acute myocardial infarction primarily include cardiomyocyte apoptosis, fibrosis, impaired angiogenesis, calcium dyshomeostasis, and cardiac hypertrophy. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression and play significant roles in the progression of acute myocardial infarction. Exercise has been shown to improve cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction by modulating miRNA expression, although the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. 
OBJECTIVE: To summarize the roles of miRNAs in the pathological features of acute myocardial infarction and discuss the molecular mechanisms through which exercise regulates miRNAs to treat acute myocardial infarction, thereby providing a theoretical reference for precise therapeutic interventions. 
METHODS: Literature published between 2000 and 2025 was retrieved from databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, and WanFang, focusing on miRNAs and their association with acute myocardial infarction-related pathological features (e.g., fibrosis, angiogenesis, calcium homeostasis, and cardiac hypertrophy) as well as exercise-induced regulatory mechanisms. Inclusion criteria encompassed experimental studies, clinical research, and review articles. Chinese and English search terms were “acute myocardial infarction, cardiac remodeling, micrornas, myocardial cell apoptosis, myocardial fibrosis, angiogenesis, calcium homeostasis, cardiac hypertrophy, exercise.” Ultimately, 92 articles were included in the analysis. 
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: miRNAs (miR-1, miR-133a, miR-21, and miR-29 family) contribute to cardiac remodeling post-acute myocardial infarction by regulating signaling pathways associated with apoptosis, fibrosis, angiogenesis, and calcium homeostasis. Exercise upregulates miR-126 to enhance angiogenesis, miR-29 to suppress myocardial fibrosis, miR-214-3p to restore calcium homeostasis, and miR-222 to promote physiological cardiac hypertrophy, thereby improving cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction. Combining exercise with pharmacological agents (e.g., trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea) or nutrients (e.g., vitamin D3) may synergistically modulate miRNA-mediated therapeutic effects. Future research should focus on spatiotemporal and familial variations among miRNAs to develop precise targeted interventions, establish personalized exercise regimens based on miRNA expression profiles combined with artificial intelligence for efficacy prediction, and explore the integration of exercise intervention with gene editing or exosome delivery technologies to precisely regulate miRNA expression, thereby promoting cardiac repair and functional recovery. 

Key words: acute myocardial infarction, miRNA, cardiac remodeling, exercise, molecular mechanism

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