Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Currently, the efficacy of endoscopic sclerotherapy, endoscopic ligation and tissue glue embolization on esophageal varices has been recognized, but the differences in the efficacy of various methods exist.
OBJECTIVE: To elaborate the material characteristics and biocompatibility of ligation ring, tissue adhesive and sclerosant so as to investigate the therapeutic effects of endoscopic sclerotherapy, endoscopic ligation and tissue glue embolization on esophageal varices.
METHODS: An electronic search of CNKI (1989/2009) and Medline (1989/2009) databases was conducted to retrieve articles about biocompatibility of igation ring, tissue adhesive and sclerosant and their effects on esophageal varices. The keywords were “esophageal varices, ligation ring, sclerosant, tissue adhesive, therapy” in Chinese and “cerebrovascular disease, stent, therapy” in English. Repetitive articles, animal experiments and Meta analysis were excluded. Totally 17 articles were included.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The efficacy of endoscopic ligation and sclerotherapy on the control of acute bleeding and prevention of early bleeding has been confirmed, which has become the god standard for esophageal varices bleeding. The common sclerostant includes 5% sodium cod liver oil, 1% ethyl alcohol sclerosis, 5% oleic acid and other amino acids. The current tissue adhesives belong to α-cyanide-acrylate glues, which can be solidified due to anion-induced polymerization reaction. Bleeding at the puncture site can be seen after needle injection during sclerotherapy. After tissue adhesive injection, acute bleeding can be controlled. The short-term effect of endoscopic treatment for esophageal varices bleeding is obvious, but the long-term effect still needs further studies.