Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2010, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (12): 2153-2158.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2010.12.016

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Effect of nanostructure of nano-titanium alloy on in vitro calcium and phosphorus minerals deposition and osteoblast mineralization

Zhang Ji-hong, Zhao Chang-li, Zhang Xiao-nong   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai  200240, China　
  • Online:2010-03-19 Published:2010-03-19
  • Contact: Zhang Xiao-nong, Associate Professor, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China xnzhang@sjtu.edu.cn
  • About author:Zhang Ji-hong★, Master, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China henryzjh@gmail.com
  • Supported by:

    the Nano Foundation of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality, No. 0852nm02800*

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Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Surface nanostructure is an important direction for enhancing osteogenesis. 
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of surface nanostructure on the biocompatibility of titanium by measuring the calcium and phosphorus minerals depositions and osteoblast mineralization on nanostructure and untreated microstructure titanium.
METHODS: The surface mechanical attrition treatment (SMAT) technique was used to prepare nano-crystalline surface on Ti6Al4V alloy. After treatment, the microsized grains on the titanium substrates were refined to nanosize. Then the SMAT nanostructure and untreated microstructure titanium substrates were immersed in the simulated body fluid for 21 days. The osteoblasts isolated from the neonatal rat calvarias were incubated and cultured on the surface of nanophase and microphase titanium alloy for 14 days culture. The surface roughness, contact angle, the difference of calcium and phosphorus minerals formation, numbers and area of calcium nodules were observed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:  ① Compared to the microphase titanium alloy, the surface roughness (Ra) of nanophase titanium alloy was increased from 132.5 nm to 4 019.3 nm, and the contact angle decreased from 57.26° to 22.4° and surface energy increased from 39.4 mJ/m2 to 67.3 mJ/m2. ② The results of the deposition experiments provided the evidence of greater calcium and phosphorus precipitations from culture media on nanophase compared to microphase Ti6Al4V at 7, 14 and 21 days. ③ On the nanophase alloy, the presence of strong cellular mineralization could be observed. Calcium nodules formed on the surface of nano-titanium alloy were significantly greater than normal surface alloy and the area of the former was about 3 times larger than the latter after 14 days. The nano-surface titanium alloy significantly promoted the extracellular mineralization of osteoblasts and increased the precipitations of calcium and phosphorus minerals, which showed good biocompatibility.

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