Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2026, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 2671-2680.doi: 10.12307/2026.648

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Immune cells synergistically regulate inflammatory response, muscle regeneration and metabolic homeostasis in training-induced stress responses

Mao Sujie1, Gao Jie1, Pan Zhuangli2   

  1. 1Graduate School of Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China; 2Guizhou Institute of Sports Science (Guizhou Anti-Doping Center), Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
  • Received:2025-06-06 Accepted:2025-06-28 Online:2026-04-08 Published:2025-09-01
  • Contact: Pan Zhuangli, PhD candidate, Assistant researcher, Guizhou Institute of Sports Science (Guizhou Anti-Doping Center), Guiyang 550002, Guizhou Province, China
  • About author:Mao Sujie, PhD candidate, Graduate School of Harbin Sport University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Self-financed Project of Guizhou Institute of Sports Science, No. TKSKY2024004 (to PZL)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Regular physical training modulates immune activity and contributes to improved health and physical performance. However, how immune cells enhance athletic performance through inflammatory regulation, metabolic synergy, and other mechanisms has not been systematically theoretically reported.
OBJECTIVE: To sort out the roles of immune cells in muscle repair, energy metabolism and fatigue recovery, and to construct a theoretical framework of “immune regulation-athletic performance.”
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and CNKI were searched for literature related to athletic performance and immunity. The search date was until March 1, 2025. Research and review literature related to immune regulation for athletic performance published in recent years was screened, and the synergistic mechanism of immune exercise was explored by combining literature topic summary and mechanism analysis.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: In the stress stage caused by sports training, immune cells promote muscle fiber recovery and maintain a stable metabolic state by regulating inflammatory response. The timing, tissue specificity and matching of immune responses with training load are key factors affecting the improvement of athletic performance. The immune system not only plays a role in health defense during exercise adaptation, but also plays a key role in regulating athletic performance. Future research should strengthen causal verification of the mechanism chain and promote multi-omics foundations.

Key words: exercise training, immune function, athletic performance, metabolism regulation, tissue repair, review

CLC Number: