Chinese Journal of Tissue Engineering Research ›› 2025, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (32): 6955-6962.doi: 10.12307/2025.965

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Monomeric traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: regulation of T cell balance

Zhu Jiaping1, Gao Bo1, Lou Chunbiao2, Yang Fengyong1, Yang Kun1     

  1. 1Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 271100, Shandong Province, China; 2The First Clinical Medical College of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China
  • Received:2024-10-24 Accepted:2024-12-25 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2025-04-29
  • Contact: Yang Kun, Associate chief physician, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 271100, Shandong Province, China
  • About author:Zhu Jiaping, Master, Attending physician, Jinan City People’s Hospital, Jinan 271100, Shandong Province, China
  • Supported by:
    Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (General Program), No. ZR2021MH329 (to YFY); 2023 Science and Technology Development Program of Jinan Municipal Health Commission, Shandong Province, China, No. 2023-1-22 (to ZJP)

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis is a complex autoimmune disease characterized by joint swelling, pain, and progressive damage. The basic pathological changes include synovitis and pannus formation, with T lymphocyte infiltration being the key to its pathogenesis. In recent years, the application of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) monomers in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis has attracted increasing attention. They have shown long-lasting efficacy and fewer side effects by regulating the T helper cell 17 (Th17)/regulatory T cells (Treg) balance in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.  
OBJECTIVE: To discuss the mechanisms by which TCM monomers regulate the Th17/Treg balance to treat rheumatoid arthritis, based on the latest basic research, providing a solid theoretical basis for future applications of TCM in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.  
METHODS: Using keywords such as “rheumatoid arthritis, Th17/Treg, traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese herbal monomer,” and their Chinese equivalents, literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, VIP, CBM, CNKI, and WanFang databases for relevant studies from their inception to August 2024. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established, and the articles were screened by reading the titles, abstracts, and full texts. Finally, 57 relevant articles were included.  
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) TCM monomers have immunoregulatory effects in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. They exert therapeutic effects by maintaining the Th17/Treg balance through the regulation of transcription factors, cytokines, signaling pathways, and miRNAs. (2) There may be synergistic effects among some TCM monomers, but the specific mechanisms and enhancement effects in regulating the Th17/Treg balance require further exploration. (3) Regulating the Th17/Treg balance using TCM monomers may become a key clinical therapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Key words: Th17/Treg, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune disease, traditional Chinese medicine monomer, review, engineered tissue construction

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